CN106708944B - The urban area sub-basin Automated Partition Method of more elements is modeled and taken into account towards SWMM - Google Patents
The urban area sub-basin Automated Partition Method of more elements is modeled and taken into account towards SWMM Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the urban area sub-basin Automated Partition Methods that more elements are modeled and taken into account towards SWMM, including step S1: carrying out the sub-basin automatic modeling in the region using the dem data in region to be divided, geo-spatial data, land use/covering data and Storm Sewer Network data；Step S2: it follows landform and obtains network of waterways water outlet sub-basin；Step S3: network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit is obtained；Step S4: division obtains catch-basin sub-basin；Step S5: topology inspection is carried out after the catch-basin sub-basin of network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit is merged with local correction and obtains the final geometric shape of region sub-basin to be divided；Step S6: being arranged the attribute information of region sub-basin to be divided, carries out the automatic calculating towards the SWMM sub-basin attribute information modeled.The present invention considers the influences of more elements to urban surface rainwater conflux process such as landform, water system, road, culture's facility and Storm Sewer Network, realizes that the sub-basin in urban area divides automatically.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to message area more particularly to a kind of urban area subflows modeled towards SWMM and take more elements into account
Domain Automated Partition Method.
Background technique
Urban waterlogging disaster seriously affects the sustainable development of society and economy because it threatens human life's property safety,
Have become the hot issue of whole world common concern.SWMM (Storm Water Management Model, storm flood management
Model) be used as a dynamic precipitation-Runoff Simulation, can be used to single precipitation event a certain to city or for a long time
Water and water quality are simulated, and can be played the role of prediction, prevention to a certain extent and be alleviated city flood.Carrying out city
In the simulation of city's hydrologic process, due to the influence of mankind's activity, urban area inevitably faces than natural basin bigger
Challenge, higher including the requirement to input data, the simulation of drainage networks is more complicated and earth's surface and subsurface flow exchange
It is more special, and then bring SWMM mould modeling data processing complexity high, it is higher using threshold so that the model urban waterlogging,
The more difficult quick modeling of flood control aspect is simulated and is used.For the quality and efficiency for improving the data processing that SWMM is modeled, make various
The data source of high quality can make full use of, and efficient, accurate urban surface watershed partitioning method is its key element.It is so-called
Urban surface watershed partitioning, i.e., urban area is divided into a series of hydrology and responds geometric units, in unit internal calculation
Stream is produced, calculates confluence between unit.And the watershed partitioning towards SWMM modeling not only includes sub-basin geometric shape (geometry list
Member) determination, the assignment of the sub-basin attribute information of high quality also plays SWMM model calculation precision vital
Effect.Determination for sub-basin geometric shape is broadly divided into and divides and divide automatically two methods manually.SWMM sub-basin hand
Dynamic its drafting process that divides has some common rules, comprising: 1) using nature sub-basin as primary condition；2) same block one
As be divided into same unit；3) using catch-basin as basic unit.Though manual division mode precision is higher, in actual operation very
It is easy by artificial interference, in addition, carrying out the division of sub-basin using catch-basin as basic unit, is related to biggish metropolitan district
Domain, catch-basin is thousands of, and division efficiency is lower.Sub-basin Automated Partition Method is broadly divided into Three models: based on distance, base
In landform and division methods based on more elements.The earth's surface of " being based on distance " divides main base area table unit and draining automatically
The distance of pipe network is divided, and this method is simple and efficient, but does not account for naturally converge direction and culture's facility
It influences, therefore brings biggish division error.The earth's surface of " being based on landform " divides automatically, and this method does not account for Artificial facilities
Influence, and urban area Artificial facilities be influence rainwash an important factor for one of.The third mode is based on more elements, main
Refer to while considering that landform and culture's facility, this method more can really describe insulated stream process, part is learned
Person carries out sub-basin into DEM by the way that road, building, water system, irrigation canals and ditches, swag etc. to be influenced to the atural object element fusion of runoff approach
Division, but DEM inherently included road, building, water system, etc. earth's surfaces element elevation information, this artificial modification
DEM, which lacks, supports foundation, and there are biggish errors in the case where lower DEM precision.For the assignment of sub-basin attribute information, one
As be all to be manually set, cumbersome and precision is lower.The complexity of the city underlying surface as caused by mankind's activity, so that
The precipitation Process of Confluence of urban surface is complicated compared to nature basin, although rainwater is still followed from high landform from the point of view of large scale
Toward low lay of the land, but regional area road and sloot have certain elicitation effect to rainwater, and raised ground is manually built
Building facility has certain barrier effect to rainwater, and Storm Sewer Network forms new river in Urban Underground, therefore, for
The determination of the geometric shape in SWMM modeling neutron basin must comprehensively consider terrain, river network, road pipe network and artificial
A variety of elements such as building facility.On the other hand, urban surface include a variety of Land cover types, such as: cement floor, bituminous pavement,
Meadow, forest land, park, building etc., these complicated Land cover types bring the part attribute information of sub-basin (such as not permeable
Saturating rate, Manning coefficient, water-holding capacity) value gap, and these attribute informations are an important factor for influencing SWMM simulation precision, because
This, must integrate various Land cover types for the assignment of SWMM sub-basin attribute information, carry out fining calculating.To sum up institute
It states, lacks a kind of watershed partitioning method not only efficiently but also accurately and towards SWMM modeled at present.
Summary of the invention
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of urban areas modeled towards SWMM and take more elements into account
Sub-basin Automated Partition Method, it is intended to solve there is currently the manual division efficiency of sub-basin lowly and automatic divide essence
Spend low problem；More accurate subflow domain space (geometric shape) and attribute information required for SWMM is modeled are provided, substantially
Degree improve SWMM simulation data processing quality and efficiency, enable SWMM analog result it is more accurate play it is pre-
Survey, prevention and the effect for alleviating city flood.
The present invention provides the urban area sub-basin Automated Partition Methods that more elements are modeled and taken into account towards SWMM, specifically
The following steps are included:
Step S1: DEM (Digital Elevation Model, the digital elevation model) data in use region to be divided,
Geo-spatial data, land use/covering data and Storm Sewer Network data carry out the sub-basin automatic modeling in the region；
Step S2: the dem data for treating division region processes, and determines flow direction, it then follows landform show that the network of waterways is discharged
Openning basin；
Step S3: it is extracted from the geo-spatial data in region to be divided and obtains Road and river sideline, with the river
The superposition of net water outlet sub-basin, does dividing processing, obtains network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit；
Step S4: the network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit, dem data, geo-spatial data and rainwater are based on
Pipe network data divides to obtain the catch-basin sub-basin in all network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting units；
Step S5: topological inspection is carried out after the catch-basin sub-basin of the network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit is merged
The final geometric shape of region sub-basin to be divided is obtained with local correction；
Step S6: dem data, geo-spatial data, land use/covering data based on region to be divided are arranged wait draw
The attribute information of subregion sub-basin carries out the automatic calculating towards the SWMM sub-basin attribute information modeled.
Further, SWMM models region, is related to the Storm Sewer Network of large stretch of area, and the region for being laid with Storm Sewer Network is past
It is past to include various Artificial facilities and criss-cross road.These Storm Sewer Networks, Artificial facilities include that road will be dredged or be obstructed
Water flow in regional area, but within the scope of large scale, water flow, which remains, follows landform, has trend from high to low.Therefore, river
Net water outlet remains the final of sewerage system water flow and collects ground, is that municipal drainage network is most basic " skeleton ".Although
The watershed partitioning of SWMM is the division on micro-scale, though here in macro-scale the watershed partitioning of network of waterways water outlet to water
The calculating of text simulation does not act on directly, but the profile by extracting macroscopical catchment network, and establishes Water outlet of drainage system
The position in the network of waterways, it is ensured that there is no water flows to exchange between the water outlet sub-basin of the network of waterways, then in conjunction with microcosmic catch-basin sub-basin
Complete city water flow Process of Confluence will be formed.Therefore, the step S2 the following steps are included:
Step S21: the dem data for treating division region fills out depression reason, obtains the dem data in no depression；
Step S22: it is distributed according to the network of waterways in terrain analyzed area, determines flow direction, obtain network of waterways water outlet；
Step S23: the corresponding sub-basin external world profile of each network of waterways water outlet is extracted；
Step S24: comparison drainage pipeline networks node and channel unit spatial position, the space topological established between the two close
System, and then divide and obtain network of waterways water outlet sub-basin.
It further, is the accuracy for ensuring catch-basin watershed partitioning on micro-scale, the present invention fully considers city
Region internal water system (including natural river course, sloot, lake, little pond irrigation canals and ditches etc.) and road major trunk roads to rainwater dredge with
Confluence effect.When heavy rain, the water near water system will converge into water system, and the catch-basin of the water system side water system that will not necessarily converge is another
The rainwater of side.For similarly, for road, the water section of road side flows into catch-basin, section of bus access road, and city road
Catch-basin would generally be distributed in the two sides of road major trunk roads center line, and the rainwater into road surface will flow into catch-basin, or past along road
The low region confluence of topography, so the catch-basin of major trunk roads side will not necessarily converge another before road surface Zhong Shui does not overflow
The rainwater of side.In order to avoid road ponding, highway layout follows the principle that road-center height is higher than two sides, therefore, for dividing
The catch-basin of cloth in the road, by the rainwater of division of labor confluence road axis different sides.Therefore, the step S3 includes following
Step:
Step S31: the network of waterways water outlet sub-basin obtained based on step S2 completes river sideline and road major trunk roads
Center line automatically extracts；
Step S32: being split network of waterways water outlet sub-basin using the river sideline and road major trunk roads center line,
Obtain the cutting unit of network of waterways water outlet sub-basin.
Further, catch-basin distribution includes mainly two kinds of situations in urban area, and one is catch-basins to be distributed in bulk
On atural object, such as large-scale parks or playground, another kind are that catch-basin is distributed in building (raised ground) close quarters.For
The catch-basin that continuous bulk atural object unit (such as park, playground) includes is interfered smaller, drainage networks base by other Artificial facilities
Or this is with physical relief and depending on, flows to fixed catch-basin, and for building close quarters, drainage networks are also wanted
Fully consider the resistance effect of large stretch of raised building.
Though topographical elevation difference is smaller in each network of waterways water outlet Segmented fluid theory unit, in the more demanding feelings of dividing precision
Under condition, the influence that orographic factor flows to rainwater be can not ignore.To avoid rainwater in region from climbing phenomenon occur, the present invention is based on
GIS hydrological analysis method and dem data analyze " ridge " in region, and extraction obtains topggraphic divide, and extracts each
Network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit corresponds to topggraphic divide, and then constrains entire partition process using it.
Therefore, the step S4 the following steps are included:
Step S41: it is based on GIS hydrological analysis method and dem data, " ridge " in region is analyzed, extracts each
Network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit corresponds to topggraphic divide；
Step S42: the corresponding building watershed line of each network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit is extracted；
Step S43: catch-basin is filtered out from rain pipe point data and extracts each network of waterways water outlet subflow regional partition
The corresponding catch-basin of unit；
Step S44: rain obtained in building watershed line, S43 obtained in topggraphic divide obtained in S41, S42 is utilized
Well, division obtain the catch-basin sub-basin in each network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit.
Further, topological inspection is carried out after the catch-basin sub-basin of all network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting units being merged
It looks into and the final geometric shape of sub-basin can be obtained with local correction.Since partition process constraint condition of the present invention is more, will own
The catch-basin sub-basin merging of network of waterways water outlet cutting unit will appear and have a small amount of closed area, thus the present invention redesign calculate
Method realizes that the local correction of closed area, topology are checked and then completed by the topological checking tool carried in ArcGIS software.Envelope
Closed region refers to the rainwater in a small amount of region caused by local error when extracting watershed line or network of waterways water outlet sideline by ground
Shape watershed line, building watershed line, network of waterways water outlet sub-basin sideline, two kinds or two kinds in the water outlet cutting unit sideline of the network of waterways
Above type of line surrounds and can not flow to the region of any catch-basin.Specifically, the step S5 the following steps are included:
Step S51: catch-basin figure layer and catch-basin sub-basin map overlay are made into space intersection operation；
Step S52: the sub-basin without catch-basin is filtered out, closed area is set to；
Step S53: judging whether closed area is adjacent with certain water system, if meeting condition, which flows to water system,
Otherwise S54 is entered step；
Step S54: judging whether closed area is adjacent with entire Basin Boundary region, if meeting condition, directly deletes
The closed area, otherwise enters step S55；
Step S55: judging whether closed area intersects with road, if meeting condition, using definition closed area boundary
Type the first priority level mode is modified；It is preferential using closed area boundary types second are defined if being unsatisfactory for condition
Rank mode is modified.
Further, the sub-basin attribute information towards SWMM modeling calculates automatically.Current much plug-in units based on GIS are all
The key point that GIS formatted data is converted to SWMM format, therefore modeled may be implemented to be that the attribute information of sub-basin is arranged, protect
It demonstrate,proves it and information required for hydrological simulation of SWMM model, such as sub-basin Impervious surface coverage, mean inclination and Manny coefficient is provided.Mesh
These attribute informations are typically all to be manually set in preceding SWMM modeling, and cumbersome and precision is poor.Therefore, the present invention is based on
Dem data, geo-spatial data, land use/covering data utilize geometry calculating, the spatial analysis, raster symbol-base in GIS
The methods of, algorithm for design completes the calculating and assignment of catch-basin sub-basin attribute information, that is, efficient, automatic and accurate, fine.Institute
The calculation process for stating the sub-basin attribute information towards SWMM modeling of step S6 is as follows:
Step S601: establishing X-Coord, Y-Coord and Area attribute, (meaning is respectively that the horizontal of sub-basin mass center sits
Mark, the vertical coordinate of sub-basin mass center and sub-basin area), it is completed using GIS vector graphics geometry calculating instrument circulation each
The automatic calculating of X-Coord, Y-Coord and Area attribute of sub-basin.
Step S602: establishing Width attribute (characteristic width that meaning is sub-basin slope runoff path), public using calculating
Formula: (Area is the area of each sub-basin to Width=Area/MaxLenth, and MaxLenth is the maximum slope surface of each sub-basin
Runoff length) recycle the automatic calculating for completing each sub-basin Width attribute value.Area has been calculated in step S61,
MaxLenth is calculated according to the hydrological analysis tool based on DEM.
Step S603: establishing Slope attribute (meaning be sub-basin mean inclination), by dem data and sub-basin figure layer into
Row superposition, using gradient extracting tool in GIS, is calculated the Slope attribute value of each sub-basin.
Step S604: establishing Imperv attribute, (meaning is that waterproof region area accounts for entire sub-basin area in sub-basin
Ratio), each land use/covering data layer and sub-basin figure layer are overlapped analysis respectively, are calculated each
Kind of ground mulching type the sub-basin occupied area, then by all ground mulching types according to its own water penetration and not
Water penetration is divided into two classes, respectively permeable earth's surface cover type and waterproof ground mulching type, finally combines each earth's surface
Cover type calculates each sub-basin Imperv attribute value in the occupied area of each sub-basin, and calculation formula is as follows:
Imperv=(waterproof ground mulching Class1 occupied area+2 occupied area of waterproof ground mulching type+...+
Waterproof ground mulching type N occupied area)/Area
N is waterproof ground mulching type class number in formula, and Area is the area of each sub-basin.
Step S605: N-Imperv attribute (Manning coefficient that meaning is waterproof region in sub-basin) is established.Calculate step
It is rapid as follows: (1) each land use/covering data layer and sub-basin figure layer to be overlapped analysis respectively；(2) it calculates every
The waterproof region area of one sub-basin: n-imperv-area；(3) every kind is calculated in the waterproof region in each sub-basin
Ground mulching type occupied area: cover-area；(4) every kind of ground mulching type Manning coefficient in waterproof region is combined:
Manning, weighted calculation go out the N-Imperv attribute value of each sub-basin, calculation formula:
N-Imperv=manning1 × (cover-area1/n-imperv-area)+manning2 × (cover-
area2/n-imperv-area)+…+manningN×(cover-areaN/n-imperv-area)
N is ground mulching type class number in waterproof region in formula.
Step S606: N-Perv attribute (Manning coefficient that meaning is permeable region in sub-basin) is established.Calculate step such as
Under: (1) respectively each land use/covering data layer and sub-basin figure layer is overlapped analysis；(2) each son is calculated
The permeable region area in basin: n-perv-area；(3) every kind of ground mulching class in the permeable region in each sub-basin is calculated
Type occupied area: cover-area；(4) every kind of ground mulching type Manning coefficient in permeable region: manning, weighting are combined
The N-Perv attribute value of the sub-basin is calculated, calculation formula:
N-Perv=manning1 × (cover-area1/n-perv-area)+manning2 × (cover-area2/n-
perv-area)+…+manningN×(cover-areaN/n-perv-area)
N is permeable earth's surface cover type type number in formula.
Step S607: establishing Dstore-Imperv attribute (meaning is the impermeable water section depression water-storage depth of sub-basin), point
Each land use/covering data layer and sub-basin figure layer are not overlapped analysis, calculated waterproof in each sub-basin
The corresponding water-holding capacity of main ground mulching type, as Dstore-Imperv attribute value in region.
Step S608: Dstore-Perv attribute (meaning is the permeable part depression water-storage depth of sub-basin) is established, respectively will
Each land use/covering data layer and sub-basin figure layer are overlapped analysis, calculate in each sub-basin in permeable region
The corresponding water-holding capacity of main ground mulching type, as Dstore-Perv attribute value.
Step S609: establishing Zero-Imperv attribute, (meaning is the region ratio that the impermeable water section of sub-basin has water-holding capacity
Example), analysis is overlapped based on land use/covering data layer and sub-basin figure layer, analyzing has in waterproof region
The ground mulching type of water-holding capacity the sub-basin area accounting, so that each sub-basin Zero-Imperv be calculated
Attribute value.
Step S610: establishing Subarea Routing attribute, (meaning is the permeable road between waterproof region in sub-basin
Diameter mode), attribute value are as follows: " IMPERV ", " PERV " or " OUTLET ".IMPERV: water flow is from permeable to waterproof；PERV:
Water flow is from waterproof to permeable；OUTLET: water flow flows directly into outlet from two regions.Calculation method is as follows: (1) by soil benefit
With/covering data layer and sub-basin figure layer be overlapped analysis, permeable in sub-basin and waterproof region is extracted, is obtained
To the permeable region figure layer of sub-basin and waterproof region figure layer；(2) by dem data respectively with permeable region figure layer, impervious zone
Domain figure layer and catch-basin figure layer do overlay analysis, and then obtain the permeable region dispersed elevation of each sub-basin, waterproof region
Dispersed elevation and outlet elevation；(3) judge: if permeable region dispersed elevation is greater than waterproof region dispersed elevation
Subarea Routing value are as follows: IMPERV, if waterproof region dispersed elevation is greater than permeable region dispersed elevation
Subarea Routing value are as follows: PERV, if waterproof region dispersed elevation is equal to permeable region dispersed elevation
Subarea Routing value are as follows: OUTLET.
Further, it is contemplated that as many as culture's facility quantity in urban area, is the important composition in Urban watershed
Part, therefore, culture's facility influence then to what rainwater flowed to for consideration factor even more important in division.In Urban watershed
In, if rainwater, which encounters culture's facility then, can flow to two sides along building sideline or flow to opposite direction, at the top of building facility
The rainwater of collection then flows to different sides using building watershed line as boundary.For evenly distribute top of building collection rainwater and
It avoids rainwater from passing through building phenomenon occur, it is corresponding that each network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit is extracted in the step S42
Building watershed line the step of include:
Step 1: building is filtered out from the geo-spatial data；
Step 2: adjacent seamless building is merged into an element；
Step 3: the vector building rasterizing completed will be merged, and does binary conversion treatment；
Step 4: the building watershed line extracted from the building raster map layer after binary conversion treatment.
Further, increasingly automated to guarantee to divide, physical relief, distance and artificial structure are comprehensively considered to water
The influence for flowing direction assumes initially that earth's surface is flatter and obstructs without building in single network of waterways water outlet Segmented fluid theory unit,
Distance according to region distance catch-basin divides catch-basin sub-basin, is then set using topggraphic divide and building watershed line
Calculating method modifies to its geometric shape.Specifically, include: the step of division catch-basin sub-basin in the step S44
Step 1: according to each urban surface region distance catch-basin distance in network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit
Distance divides catch-basin sub-basin, i.e., using all catch-basins in the water outlet sub-basin cutting unit of the network of waterways as seed point, utilizes
The catch-basin subflow that Voronoi diagram converges the urban surface region division nearest apart from each catch-basin by each catch-basin
Domain；
Step 2: will be in the corresponding catch-basin sub-basin of each cutting unit with building watershed line using topggraphic divide
Unreasonable region disconnecting comes out, and enters step three if unreasonable areal is greater than zero, otherwise enters step five；
Step 3: unreasonable distribution region, the catch-basin sub-basin after being assigned；To being separated in step 2
All unreasonable regions perform the following operations: a: find out the adjacent area in unreasonable region；B: whether judge the adjacent area
By topggraphic divide or building watershed line barrier, it is not blocked such as, then region to be allocated is added in the region；C: divide water with landform
Line and building watershed line and distance be constraint condition, by unreasonable region by the number N in region to be allocated be divided into M (M≤N,
The ineligible region in part is removed) block；D: the corresponding adjacent area to be allocated in M block region is merged；E: divided
With catch-basin sub-basin after the completion.It completes to enter step four to after all unreasonable region distribution；
Step 4: it is using catch-basin sub-basin obtained in topggraphic divide and building watershed line checking step three again
No new unreasonable region occur, otherwise the return step three if occurring enters step five；
Step 5: the corresponding obtained reasonable catch-basin sub-basin of each network of waterways water outlet cutting unit is merged into a figure
Layer, obtains complete catch-basin sub-basin in entire basin.
Further, the closed area is caused by local error when extracting watershed line or network of waterways water outlet sideline
A small amount of region in rainwater by topggraphic divide, building watershed line, network of waterways water outlet sub-basin sideline, network of waterways water outlet divide
The elder generation of two or more type in unit sideline surrounds and can not flow to the region of any catch-basin.
Further, the first priority level mode described in step S55 is the building river watershed line > topggraphic divide >
The net water outlet cutting unit sideline network of waterways > water outlet sub-basin sideline；Second priority level mode is the building network of waterways watershed line >
The water outlet cutting unit sideline network of waterways > topggraphic divide > water outlet sub-basin sideline.
As shown from the above technical solution, the urban area subflow provided by the invention modeled towards SWMM and take more elements into account
Domain Automated Partition Method has the technical effect that
1. comprehensively considering more elements such as landform, water system, road, culture's facility and Storm Sewer Network to urban surface rainwater
Culture's facility and surface relief make the change that rainwater flows in the influence of Process of Confluence, especially city part basin
With, draw presently, there are sub-basin divide manually and the advantage and disadvantage that divide automatically, realize in the large area region of city it is i.e. accurate,
Efficient sub-basin divides automatically again.
2. fully considering the complexity of urban surface, especially the mutation of landform caused by Artificial facilities and underlying surface covering
Property, take more elements such as City Terrain, water system, road, culture's facility and Storm Sewer Network into account, realizes the sub-basin of higher degree
(assignment of determination and attribute information including geometric shape) automation is divided, solves the SWMM model of high quality in city
The problems such as modeling difficulty is big in flood application, very high using threshold, and modeling efficiency is low.
3. providing more accurate subflow domain space and attribute information required for SWMM is modeled, SWMM is greatly improved
The quality and efficiency of the data processing of simulation enable SWMM analog result is more accurate play prediction, prevent and delay
Solve the effect of city flood.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described.In all the appended drawings, similar element
Or part is generally identified by similar appended drawing reference.In attached drawing, each element or part might not be drawn according to actual ratio.
Fig. 1 shows the urban area sub-basin for modeling and taking into account more elements provided by the embodiment of the present invention towards SWMM
The flow chart of Automated Partition Method；
Fig. 2 shows the urban area sub-basins for modeling and taking into account more elements provided by the embodiment of the present invention towards SWMM
The concrete application block diagram of Automated Partition Method；
Fig. 3 shows a network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit unit1 provided by the embodiment of the present invention and draws by distance
The catch-basin sub-basin divided and unreasonable division regional distribution chart；
Fig. 4 shows a network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit unit1 provided by the embodiment of the present invention and divides to obtain
Reasonable catch-basin sub-basin distribution map；
Fig. 5 shows the urban area sub-basin for modeling and taking into account more elements provided by the embodiment of the present invention towards SWMM
The catch-basin watershed partitioning algorithm flow chart of Automated Partition Method；
Fig. 6 shows the urban area sub-basin for modeling and taking into account more elements provided by the embodiment of the present invention towards SWMM
The sub-basin closed area local correction algorithm flow chart of Automated Partition Method.
Specific embodiment
It is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment of the attached drawing to technical solution of the present invention.Following embodiment is only used for
Clearly illustrate technical solution of the present invention, therefore be intended only as example, and cannot be used as a limitation and limit protection of the invention
Range.It should be noted that unless otherwise indicated, technical term or scientific term used in this application should be institute of the present invention
The ordinary meaning that category field technical staff is understood.Of the invention is cooked further in detail with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing
Illustrate:
According to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides the urban area subflows that more elements are modeled and taken into account towards SWMM
Domain Automated Partition Method, specifically includes the following steps:
Step S1: dem data, geo-spatial data, land use/covering data and the rainwater in region to be divided are used
Pipe network data carries out the sub-basin automatic modeling in the region；
Step S2: the dem data for treating division region processes, and determines flow direction, it then follows landform show that the network of waterways is discharged
Openning basin；
Step S3: it is extracted from the geo-spatial data in region to be divided and obtains Road and river sideline, with the river
The superposition of net water outlet sub-basin, does dividing processing, obtains network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit；
Step S4: the network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit, dem data, geo-spatial data and rainwater are based on
Pipe network data divides to obtain the catch-basin sub-basin in all network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting units；
Step S5: topological inspection is carried out after the catch-basin sub-basin of the network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit is merged
The final geometric shape of region sub-basin to be divided is obtained with local correction；
Step S6: dem data, geo-spatial data, land use/covering data based on region to be divided are arranged wait draw
The attribute information of subregion sub-basin carries out the automatic calculating towards the SWMM sub-basin attribute information modeled.
In the present embodiment, using certain region (area 415.34ha) dem data, geo-spatial data, land use/cover
Lid data and Storm Sewer Network data complete the sub-basin automatic modeling in the region.Region water system area accounting 19.19%, people
Work building facility area accounting 26.25%, the impermeable rate of earth's surface is about 58%, turnpike road length 23.58km, and Storm Sewer Network is total
Length 54.47km.The region overlay has water system, park, school, square, shopping centre, residential block etc., is one and constitutes completely
Urban watershed.
Implementation steps are as shown in Figure 2 as follows:
Step 1: depression reason is filled out to the dem data in the region, using no depression dem data, analyzes the river in the region
Net distribution, and determine flow direction, obtain network of waterways water outlet, then extract the corresponding sub-basin external world wheel of each channel unit water outlet
Exterior feature, comparison drainage pipeline networks node and channel unit spatial position, establish spatial topotaxy between the two, and final divide obtains
Network of waterways water outlet sub-basin.
Step 2: it is extracted from the geo-spatial data in the region and obtains Road and river sideline, they are merged into
One figure layer is superimposed with network of waterways water outlet sub-basin obtained in step 1 using the figure layer, does dividing processing, obtain the network of waterways and go out
Mouth of a river sub-basin cutting unit.
Step 3: using obtained in the region dem data, Storm Sewer Network data, geo-spatial data and step 2
Network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit divides to obtain catch-basin sub-basin.Detailed step is as follows:
Step (1): it extracts network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit and corresponds to topggraphic divide.Utilize the DEM of whole region
Data extract planar curvature, ground positive form and the ground negative land form on ground, and the big of planar curvature on positive form is taken to be worth and do
The topggraphic divide of whole region can be obtained in vectorized process.Whole region topggraphic divide is divided into network of waterways water outlet openning
Segmented fluid theory unit corresponding region obtains each cutting unit and corresponds to topggraphic divide figure layer.
Step (2): the corresponding building watershed line of network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit is extracted.1. from whole region basis ground
Building is filtered out in reason data；2. adjacent and seamless building is merged into an element；3. the arrow completed will be merged
Building rasterizing is measured, and does binary conversion treatment；It is built 4. being extracted from the building raster map layer after binary conversion treatment
Object watershed line；5. whole region topggraphic divide is divided into network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit corresponding region, obtain every
The corresponding building watershed line figure layer of a cutting unit.
Step (3): it extracts network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit and corresponds to catch-basin.It is filtered out from rain pipe point figure layer
All catch-basin elements, export catch-basin element obtains catch-basin figure layer, and the figure layer is divided into network of waterways water outlet sub-basin
Cutting unit corresponding region obtains each cutting unit and corresponds to catch-basin figure layer.
Step (4): catch-basin sub-basin is divided.As shown in figure 5, to each network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit do as
Lower operation (being illustrated by taking network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit-unit1 as an example here):
Step is 1.: being based on the corresponding catch-basin figure layer of unit1, divides by distance and obtain catch-basin sub-basin, such as the upper figure of Fig. 3
It is shown.
Step is 2.: using topggraphic divide and building watershed line by step 1. obtained in there is rain in catch-basin sub-basin
The unreasonable region disconnecting of water climbing or rainwater passing through building phenomenon comes out, and multiple unreasonable regions is obtained, such as Fig. 3 following figure institute
Show: entering step 3.
Step is 3.: unreasonable distribution region.To step 2. in all unreasonable regions for separating execute following steps:
It is as shown in Figure 5: a: to find out the adjacent area in unreasonable region, enter step b；B: whether each adjacent area of Ergodic judgement is by ground
Shape watershed line or building watershed line barrier, are not blocked such as, then region to be allocated are added in the region, enter step after the completion of traversal
Rapid c；C: using topggraphic divide and building watershed line and distance as constraint condition, unreasonable region is pressed to the number in region to be allocated
N enters step d after being divided into M (M≤N, the ineligible region in part are removed) block, segmentation to complete；D: by M block region with
Its corresponding adjacent area to be allocated merges, and e is entered step after the completion of merging；E: the catch-basin subflow after being assigned
Domain.After the distribution for completing all unreasonable regions, enter step 4..
Step is 4.: again using topggraphic divide and building watershed line checking step 3. obtained in catch-basin sub-basin be
It is no new unreasonable region occur, it enters step 3., is otherwise entered step 5. if occurring.
Step is 5.: finally obtaining the reasonable catch-basin sub-basin of unit1, as shown in Figure 4.
Step (5): merging the corresponding catch-basin sub-basin figure layer of each network of waterways water outlet cutting unit is a figure layer.
Step (6): sub-basin closed area local correction and topology check.Finally obtain the catch-basin subflow of whole region
Domain geometric shape.
1) sub-basin closed area local correction, steps are as follows, as shown in Figure 6:
Step is 1.: map overlay is made empty where catch-basin sub-basin obtained in the region catch-basin figure layer and step (3)
Between intersect operation, enter step 2..
Step is 2.: deleting choosing and obtains closed area, enters step 3..
Step is 3.: traverse and correct closed area in 2., operation such as step 4.~step 7., enter after the completion of traversal amendment
Step is 8..
Step is 4.: judge whether closed area is adjacent with certain water system, if meeting condition, which flows to water system,
Otherwise it enters step 5..
Step is 5.: judging whether closed area is adjacent with entire Basin Boundary region, if meeting condition, directly deleting should
Otherwise 6. closed area enters step.
Step is 6.: judging whether the region appears on road, or intersects with road, if meeting condition, takes definition
Closed area boundary types priority is modified otherwise.Priority level is as follows: building watershed line > topggraphic divide > river
Net water outlet cutting unit sideline > network of waterways water outlet sub-basin sideline.If being unsatisfactory for condition, enter step 7..
Step is 7.: taking defining closed area boundary types priority and be modified otherwise.Priority level is as follows: building
Build watershed line > network of waterways water outlet cutting unit sideline > topggraphic divide > network of waterways water outlet sub-basin sideline.
Step is 8.: completing catch-basin sub-basin after being corrected after the local correction of sub-basin closed area.
2) it is examined by the topology that the topological checking tool carried in ArcGIS software completes the region watershed partitioning result
It looks into.
Step (7): utilizing the region dem data, geo-spatial data, land use/covering data, completes catch-basin
The calculating and assignment of basin attribute information.Steps are as follows for calculating:
Step 1): establishing X-Coord, Y-Coord and Area attribute, is recycled using GIS vector graphics geometry calculating instrument
Complete the automatic calculating of X-Coord, Y-Coord and Area attribute of each sub-basin.
Step 2): establishing Width attribute, using calculation formula: Width=Area/MaxLenth circulation completes each son
The automatic calculating of basin Width attribute value.Area has been calculated in step 1), and MaxLenth is according to the hydrological analysis based on DEM
Tool is calculated.
Step 3): establishing Slope attribute, and dem data and sub-basin figure layer are overlapped, and utilizes Slope-extraction in GIS
The Slope attribute value of each sub-basin is calculated in tool.
Step 4): establishing Imperv attribute, respectively by each land use in the region/covering data layer and sub-basin figure
Layer is overlapped analysis, each ground mulching type is calculated and covers in the occupied area of the sub-basin, then by all earth's surfaces
Lid type is divided into two classes according to the water penetration and impermeability of its own, respectively permeable earth's surface cover type and waterproof
Table cover type finally combines each ground mulching type in the occupied area of each sub-basin, calculates each sub-basin
Imperv attribute value, calculation formula:
Imperv=(waterproof ground mulching Class1 occupied area+2 occupied area of waterproof ground mulching type+...+
Waterproof ground mulching type N occupied area)/Area.
Step 5): N-Imperv attribute is established.Steps are as follows for calculating: 1. respectively by each land use/covering in the region
Data layer and sub-basin figure layer are overlapped analysis；2. calculating the waterproof region area of each sub-basin: n-imperv-
area；3. calculating every kind of ground mulching type occupied area in the waterproof region in each sub-basin: cover-area；④
In conjunction with every kind of ground mulching type Manning coefficient in waterproof region: manning, weighted calculation go out the N- of each sub-basin
Imperv attribute value, calculation formula:
N-Imperv=manning1 × (cover-area1/n-imperv-area)+manning2 × (cover-
area2/n-imperv-area)+…+manningN×(cover-areaN/n-imperv-area)
Step 6): N-Perv attribute is established.Steps are as follows for calculating: 1. respectively by each land use/covering data layer
Analysis is overlapped with sub-basin figure layer；2. calculating the permeable region area of each sub-basin: n-perv-area；3. calculating
Every kind of ground mulching type occupied area in permeable region in each sub-basin: cover-area；4. in conjunction in permeable region
Every kind of ground mulching type Manning coefficient: manning, weighted calculation go out the N-Perv attribute value of the sub-basin, calculation formula:
N-Perv=manning1 × (cover-area1/n-perv-area)+manning2 × (cover-area2/n-
perv-area)+…+manningN×(cover-areaN/n-perv-area)
Step 7): establishing Dstore-Imperv attribute, respectively by each land use in the region/covering data layer with
Sub-basin figure layer is overlapped analysis, calculates in each sub-basin the corresponding storage of main ground mulching type in waterproof region
Outlet capacity, as Dstore-Imperv attribute value.
Step 8): establishing Dstore-Perv attribute, respectively by each land use/covering data layer and sub-basin figure
Layer is overlapped analysis, calculates in each sub-basin the corresponding water-holding capacity of main ground mulching type in permeable region, i.e.,
For Dstore-Perv attribute value.
Step 9): establishing Zero-Imperv attribute, utilizes the regional land use/covering data layer and sub-basin figure
Layer is overlapped analysis, analyzes the ground mulching type in waterproof region with water-holding capacity and accounts in the area of the sub-basin
Than so that each sub-basin Zero-Imperv attribute value be calculated.
Step 10): establishing Subarea Routing attribute, and calculation method is as follows: 1. by land use/covering datagram
Layer is overlapped analysis with sub-basin figure layer, and permeable in sub-basin and waterproof region is extracted, it is permeable to obtain sub-basin
Region figure layer and waterproof region figure layer；2. by dem data respectively with permeable region figure layer, obstructed water area figure layer and rainwater
Well figure layer does overlay analysis, and then obtains the permeable region dispersed elevation of each sub-basin, waterproof region dispersed elevation and go out
Mouth elevation；3. judgement: the Subarea Routing value if permeable region dispersed elevation is greater than waterproof region dispersed elevation
Are as follows: IMPERV, the Subarea Routing value if waterproof region dispersed elevation is greater than permeable region dispersed elevation are as follows:
PERV, the Subarea Routing value if waterproof region dispersed elevation is equal to permeable region dispersed elevation are as follows:
OUTLET。
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme should all cover within the scope of the claims and the description of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. being modeled towards SWMM and taking the urban area sub-basin Automated Partition Methods of more elements into account, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
Step S1: dem data, geo-spatial data, land use/covering data and the Storm Sewer Network in region to be divided are used
Data carry out the sub-basin automatic modeling in the region；
Step S2: the dem data for treating division region fills out depression reason, determines flow direction, it then follows landform show that the network of waterways is discharged
Openning basin；
Step S3: it is extracted from the geo-spatial data in region to be divided and obtains Road and river sideline, gone out with the network of waterways
The superposition of mouth of a river sub-basin, does dividing processing, obtains network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit；
Step S4: the network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit, dem data, geo-spatial data and Storm Sewer Network are based on
Data divide to obtain the catch-basin sub-basin in all network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting units；
Step S5: topological inspection and office are carried out after the catch-basin sub-basin of the network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit is merged
It corrects to obtain the final geometric shape of region sub-basin to be divided in portion；
Step S6: area to be divided is arranged in dem data, geo-spatial data, land use based on region to be divided/covering data
The attribute information of domain sub-basin carries out the automatic calculating towards the SWMM sub-basin attribute information modeled；
Wherein, the step S4 the following steps are included:
Step S41: the corresponding topggraphic divide of each network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit is extracted；
Step S42: the corresponding building watershed line of each network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit is extracted；
Step S43: catch-basin is filtered out from rain pipe point data and extracts each network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit
Corresponding catch-basin；
Step S44: using the topggraphic divide, the building watershed line and the catch-basin, division obtains each network of waterways
Catch-basin sub-basin in water outlet sub-basin cutting unit；
The calculation process of the sub-basin attribute information towards SWMM modeling of the step S6 is as follows:
Step S601: establishing X-Coord, Y-Coord and Area attribute, has been recycled using GIS vector graphics geometry calculating instrument
At the automatic calculating of X-Coord, Y-Coord and Area attribute of each sub-basin；
Step S602: establishing Width attribute, using calculation formula: Width=Area/MaxLenth circulation completes each subflow
The automatic calculating of domain Width attribute value；The value of the MaxLenth is calculated according to the hydrological analysis tool based on DEM；
Step S603: establishing Slope attribute, and dem data and sub-basin figure layer are overlapped, and utilizes GIS vector graphics geometry
The slope attribute value of each sub-basin is calculated in gradient extracting tool in calculating instrument；
Step S604: establishing Imperv attribute, respectively folds each land use/covering data layer with sub-basin figure layer
Bonus point analysis, is calculated each ground mulching type in the occupied area of the sub-basin, then by all ground mulching type roots
Two classes are divided into according to the water penetration and impermeability of its own, respectively permeable earth's surface cover type and waterproof ground mulching class
Type finally combines each ground mulching type in the occupied area of each sub-basin, calculates each sub-basin Imperv attribute
Value；
Step S605: establishing N-Imperv attribute, completes the automatic calculating and assignment of N-Imperv attribute；
Step S606: establishing N-Perv attribute, completes the automatic calculating and assignment of N-Perv attribute；
Step S607: establishing Dstore-Imperv attribute, respectively by each land use/covering data layer and sub-basin figure
Layer is overlapped analysis, calculates in each sub-basin the corresponding water-holding capacity of main ground mulching type in waterproof region,
As Dstore-Imperv attribute value；
Step S608: establishing Dstore-Perv attribute, respectively by each land use/covering data layer and sub-basin figure layer
It is overlapped analysis, calculates in each sub-basin the corresponding water-holding capacity of main ground mulching type in permeable region, as
Dstore-Perv attribute value；
Step S609: establishing Zero-Imperv attribute, is folded based on land use/covering data layer with sub-basin figure layer
Bonus point analysis analyzes the ground mulching type in waterproof region with water-holding capacity in the area accounting of the sub-basin, thus
Each sub-basin Zero-Imperv attribute value is calculated；
Step S610: Subarea Routing attribute is established.
2. according to claim 1 model towards SWMM and take the urban area sub-basins of the more elements side of division automatically into account
Method, which is characterized in that the step S2 the following steps are included:
Step S21: the dem data for treating division region fills out depression reason, obtains the dem data in no depression；
Step S22: it is distributed according to the network of waterways in terrain analyzed area, determines flow direction, obtain network of waterways water outlet；
Step S23: the extraneous profile that each network of waterways water outlet corresponds to sub-basin is extracted；
Step S24: spatial topotaxy between the two is established in comparison drainage pipeline networks node and channel unit spatial position, into
And it divides and obtains network of waterways water outlet sub-basin.
3. according to claim 1 model towards SWMM and take the urban area sub-basins of the more elements side of division automatically into account
Method, which is characterized in that the step S3 the following steps are included:
Step S31: the network of waterways water outlet sub-basin obtained based on step S2 completes river sideline and road major trunk roads center
Line automatically extracts；
Step S32: network of waterways water outlet sub-basin is split using the river sideline and road major trunk roads center line, is obtained
The cutting unit of network of waterways water outlet sub-basin.
4. according to claim 1 model towards SWMM and take the urban area sub-basins of the more elements side of division automatically into account
Method, which is characterized in that the step S5 the following steps are included:
Step S51: catch-basin figure layer and catch-basin sub-basin map overlay are made into space intersection operation；
Step S52: the sub-basin without catch-basin is filtered out, closed area is set to；
Step S53: judging whether closed area is adjacent with certain water system, if meeting condition, which flows to water system, otherwise
Enter step S54；
Step S54: judge whether closed area is adjacent with entire Basin Boundary region, if meeting condition, directly deletes the envelope
Otherwise closed region enters step S55；
Step S55: judging whether closed area intersects with road, if meeting condition, using definition closed area boundary types
First priority level mode is modified；If being unsatisfactory for condition, using definition the second priority level of closed area boundary types
Mode is modified.
5. according to claim 1 model towards SWMM and take the urban area sub-basins of the more elements side of division automatically into account
Method, which is characterized in that the step of calculation method of the step S610 includes:
Step 1: being overlapped analysis for land use/covering data layer and sub-basin figure layer, will be permeable in sub-basin and not
Permeable region extracts, and obtains the permeable region figure layer of sub-basin and waterproof region figure layer；
Step 2: dem data is superimposed with permeable region figure layer, waterproof region figure layer and catch-basin figure layer respectively point
Analysis, and then obtain the permeable region dispersed elevation of each sub-basin, waterproof region dispersed elevation and outlet elevation；
Step 3: judgement, Subarea Routing takes if permeable region dispersed elevation is greater than waterproof region dispersed elevation
Value is IMPERV, and Subarea Routing value is if waterproof region dispersed elevation is greater than permeable region dispersed elevation
PERV, Subarea Routing value is OUTLET if waterproof region dispersed elevation is equal to permeable region dispersed elevation.
6. according to claim 1 model towards SWMM and take the urban area sub-basins of the more elements side of division automatically into account
Method, which is characterized in that the corresponding building watershed line of each network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit is extracted in the step S42
Step includes:
Step 1: building is filtered out from the geo-spatial data；
Step 2: adjacent seamless building is merged into an element；
Step 3: the vector building rasterizing completed will be merged, and does binary conversion treatment；
Step 4: the building watershed line extracted from the building raster map layer after binary conversion treatment.
7. according to claim 1 model towards SWMM and take the urban area sub-basins of the more elements side of division automatically into account
Method, which is characterized in that the step of division catch-basin sub-basin includes: in the step S44
Step 1: the distance according to each urban surface region distance catch-basin distance in network of waterways water outlet sub-basin cutting unit
Catch-basin sub-basin is divided,
Step 2: using topggraphic divide and building watershed line by not conforming in the corresponding catch-basin sub-basin of each cutting unit
Reason region disconnecting comes out, and enters step three if unreasonable areal is greater than zero, otherwise enters step five；
Step 3: unreasonable distribution region, the catch-basin sub-basin after being assigned；
Step 4: whether gone out using catch-basin sub-basin obtained in topggraphic divide and building watershed line checking step three again
Now new unreasonable region, the return step three if occurring, otherwise enters step five；
Step 5: being merged into a figure layer for the corresponding obtained reasonable catch-basin sub-basin of each network of waterways water outlet cutting unit,
Obtain complete catch-basin sub-basin in entire basin.
8. according to claim 4 model towards SWMM and take the urban area sub-basins of the more elements side of division automatically into account
Method, which is characterized in that the closed area is caused by local error when extracting watershed line or network of waterways water outlet sideline
Rainwater in a small amount of region is divided single by topggraphic divide, building watershed line, network of waterways water outlet sub-basin sideline, network of waterways water outlet
The elder generation of two or more type in first sideline surrounds and can not flow to the region of any catch-basin.
9. according to claim 4 model towards SWMM and take the urban area sub-basins of the more elements side of division automatically into account
Method, it is characterised in that: the first priority level mode described in step S55 is that the building network of waterways watershed line > topggraphic divide > goes out
The mouth of a river cutting unit sideline network of waterways > water outlet sub-basin sideline；Second priority level mode is the water outlet of the building network of waterways watershed line >
The mouth cutting unit sideline network of waterways > topggraphic divide > water outlet sub-basin sideline.
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| CN107315813B (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-07-17 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Method for constructing and simplifying hierarchical relation of tree-shaped river system constrained by stroke features |
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