CN106706955B - Wind speed measuring instrument and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Wind speed measuring instrument and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106706955B CN106706955B CN201611067410.3A CN201611067410A CN106706955B CN 106706955 B CN106706955 B CN 106706955B CN 201611067410 A CN201611067410 A CN 201611067410A CN 106706955 B CN106706955 B CN 106706955B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/02—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer
- G01P5/06—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer using rotation of vanes
- G01P5/07—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer using rotation of vanes with electrical coupling to the indicating device
Abstract
The invention discloses a wind speed measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof, wherein the wind speed measuring instrument comprises a base, a bracket rotatably arranged on the base, a wind cup fixedly arranged on the bracket, and a friction power generation sensor, wherein the friction power generation sensor comprises a movable friction component and a fixed induction component which are oppositely arranged; the movable friction assembly comprises a support rod, a friction head and a friction film, wherein the friction film is an electronic material film; the fixed induction component comprises a first metal electrode plate, a first baffle plate, a second metal electrode plate and a second baffle plate which are fixed together and are sequentially stacked; the first metal electrode plate and the second metal electrode plate are respectively connected with two input ends of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the signal input end of the singlechip, and the display end group of the singlechip is connected with the display. The wind speed measuring instrument is designed by combining the principle of friction power generation, has high precision, quick response time, simple structure and low price, and provides a measuring method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind speed measuring equipment, in particular to a wind speed measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof.
Background
Anemometers currently in use on the market include cup anemometers, propeller anemometers, hot wire anemometers, digital anemometers, and the like.
Cup anemometers are one of the most common types of anemometers. The rotor anemometer was invented by Lubinon, UK at the earliest, four cups at the time, and three cups were used later. Three parabolic or hemispherical empty cups fixed on the frame at 120 degrees each other are all on one side, and the whole frame is arranged on a shaft capable of freely rotating together with the wind cup. The wind cup rotates around the shaft under the action of wind force, and the rotating speed of the wind cup is proportional to the wind speed. The rotational speed may be recorded with an electrical contact, tachogenerator, or photoelectric counter, etc.
The propeller type anemometer is an anemometer in which a set of three-bladed or four-bladed propellers rotate about a horizontal axis. The propeller is installed in front of a wind vane, so that its rotation plane always faces the wind direction, and its rotation speed is proportional to wind speed.
The wind speed measuring instruments are commonly used as wind speed sensors which require energy consumption, so that certain energy consumption is increased, and then the response time of certain sensors is slow, the precision is not high, high precision is required, and the corresponding price is high. There are also anemometers, which are relatively complex in design and time-consuming to manufacture.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of at least one defect of the anemometer in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a wind speed measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof, and designs the wind speed measuring instrument which has high precision, quick response time, simple structure and low price by combining the principle of friction power generation and provides the measuring method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a wind speed measuring apparatu, includes base, the support of rotation installation on the base, fixed mounting has the wind cup on the support, its key lies in: the friction power generation sensor comprises a movable friction component and a fixed induction component which are in friction contact with each other;
the movable friction assembly comprises a support rod, a friction head and a friction film, wherein the upper end of the support rod is fixed on the support, the friction head is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the support rod, the friction film is arranged on the surface of the friction head, and the friction film is an electronic material film;
the fixed induction component comprises a first metal electrode plate, a first partition plate, a second metal electrode plate and a second partition plate which are fixed together and are sequentially stacked, and is fixed on the upper surface of the base, wherein the first metal electrode plate is positioned on the rotation radius of the friction film;
the first metal electrode plate and the second metal electrode plate are respectively connected with two input ends of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the signal input end of the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer is further provided with a display end group, and the display end group is connected with a display.
The invention relates to an anemometer developed based on the latest friction power generation technology, wherein a friction head can be fixed at the lower end of a supporting rod in an adhesive or other mode, a friction film can be fixedly attached to the surface of the friction head in an adhesive or other mode, a first metal electrode plate, a first partition plate, a second metal electrode plate and a second partition plate can be overlapped together in an adhesive or clamping or other mode and are fixed on a base, the first metal electrode plate faces the friction film and contacts with the friction film, and the second partition plate contacts with the upper surface of the base.
The friction film of the movable friction component is driven by the bracket to rotate, and the friction film is rubbed with the first metal electrode plate once every rotation. Because of friction electricity generation, if the first metal electrode plate is connected with the second metal electrode plate through a resistor, a pulse voltage can be output between the first metal electrode plate and the second metal electrode plate. The invention has the advantages that the structure is simple, the sensitivity is high, and the invention is convenient for wide popularization and application.
The voltage stabilizing circuit comprises an integrated operational amplifier, the first metal electrode plate is connected with the second metal electrode plate through a resistor R3, the resistor R3 is further connected with a capacitor C4 in parallel, the first metal electrode plate is further connected with a non-inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier, the second metal electrode plate is further connected with an inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier, and an output end of the integrated operational amplifier is connected with a signal input end of the singlechip through the resistor R4.
Because the friction electricity generation sensor can produce the unequal voltage of height because of the difference of frictional force, the voltage is too low can lead to the singlechip unable receipt trigger signal, and the voltage is too high can burn out singlechip internal circuit, and the output voltage of friction electricity generation sensor connects the singlechip again after integrated fortune is put, when the voltage is too low, can improve the sensitivity of friction electricity generation sensor, when the voltage is too high, can protect the singlechip, because singlechip output voltage is invariable.
The capacitor C4 is used for carrying out smooth filtering on the friction voltage signals generated by the first metal electrode plate and the friction film to form a relatively regular rectangular pulse signal.
The friction head is semi-cylindrical, the arc surface of the friction head faces downwards, and the friction film is attached.
The friction film is well contacted with the first metal electrode plate by adopting the structure, the semi-cylindrical friction head is convenient for cutting in and cutting out when the friction head rubs with the first metal electrode plate, collision and running are avoided, the service life is prolonged, the friction head is convenient to process, and the opposite surface of the arc surface of the friction head is fixed at the lower end of the supporting rod in an adhesion mode.
The supporting rod is made of acrylic, and the friction head is made of sponge.
The supporting rod adopts acrylic to lighten the weight of the wind speed measuring instrument and is insulated, and the friction head adopts sponge to have elasticity, so that the abrasion of a friction film can be lightened, and the service life is prolonged.
The upper surface of the first metal electrode plate is fixedly provided with a hemispherical convex array.
The hemispherical convex array can increase the contact effect of the first metal electrode plate and the friction film.
The obtained electronic material film is a PTFE film, a FEP film, a PET film, a PDMS film, a Parylene F film or a Kapton film;
the first metal electrode plate and the second metal electrode plate are copper sheets; the first baffle and the second baffle are acrylic plates.
Kapton film is a trade name for Polyimide (PI) film materials. The Parylene film is a Parylene film, and the PDMS film is a polydimethylsiloxane film; the PET film is a polyethylene terephthalate film; the FEP film is a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film; the PTFE membrane is a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.
The materials are cheap and easy to obtain.
The measuring method of the wind speed measuring instrument is used for the wind speed measuring instrument and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step a, acquiring the Nth trigger time T1 of the friction power generation sensor;
step b, acquiring the (N+1) th trigger time T2 of the friction power generation sensor;
step c, calculating a triggering time interval T between the nth time and the (n+1) th time of the friction power generation sensor, wherein T=T2-T1;
step d, calculating wind speed V, V=2pi R/T, wherein R is the radius of the contact point of the friction film and the first metal electrode plate rotating around the axis of the bracket;
and e, displaying the wind speed V through a display.
The single chip microcomputer can conveniently calculate the wind speed V by continuously detecting the two triggering interval time T of the friction power generation sensor and combining the rotation radius of the contact point of the friction film and the first metal electrode plate, and continuously repeating the measuring method to continuously measure the wind speed.
When external wind blows the wind cup to drive the bracket to rotate, the friction film on the friction power generation sensor rotates immediately, and the friction film is contacted and separated with the first metal electrode fixed on the base once every one turn, so as to generate a pulse level signal, voltage pulse signals can be output at two ends of the resistor by utilizing the resistor to be connected between the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode, then the interval time T between two adjacent voltage pulse signals is read, wherein the interval time T is the time T of one turn of the wind cup, and a linear velocity formula is utilizedWherein R is a friction film connected with the first metal electrode plateThe radius of the contact rotating around the axis of the support can obtain the corresponding linear velocity V, namely wind speed, and the corresponding linear velocity V is displayed by a display circuit. The friction power generation sensor has the innovation points that the design structure is simple, an external power supply is not needed at all for the friction power generation sensor, the overall design is simple, the response time is quick, and the overall price is very low.
The voltage stabilizing circuit, the singlechip and the display are powered by a battery or are powered by an alternating current power supply after being transformed by a transformation device.
The voltage transformation device can be saved by battery power supply, the trouble of replacing the battery or charging can be avoided by adopting an alternating current power supply to supply power through the voltage transformation device, and the battery can be selected according to the requirement.
The obvious effects are as follows: the invention provides a wind speed measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof, and designs the wind speed measuring instrument which has high precision, quick response time, simple structure and low price by combining the principle of friction power generation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the wind speed measuring instrument comprises a base 1, a bracket 2 rotatably installed on the base 1, a wind cup 3 fixedly installed on the bracket 2, and a friction power generation sensor 4, wherein the friction power generation sensor 4 comprises a movable friction component 41 and a fixed induction component 42 which are in friction contact with each other;
the movable friction assembly 41 comprises a support rod 41a, a friction head 41b and a friction film 41c, wherein the upper end of the support rod 41a is fixed on the support 2, the friction head 41b is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the support rod, the friction film 41c is arranged on the surface of the friction head 41b, and the friction film 41c is an electronic material film;
the fixed sensing assembly 42 comprises a first metal electrode plate 42a, a first partition plate 42b, a second metal electrode plate 42c and a second partition plate 42d which are fixed together and sequentially stacked, and the fixed sensing assembly 42 is fixed on the upper surface of the base 1, wherein the first metal electrode plate 42a is positioned on the rotation radius of the friction film 41 c;
the first metal electrode plate 42a and the second metal electrode plate 42c are respectively connected with two input ends of the voltage stabilizing circuit 5, the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit 5 is connected with the signal input end of the single chip microcomputer 6, the single chip microcomputer 6 is further provided with a display end group, and the display end group is connected with the display 7.
The friction head 41b may be fixed at the lower end of the support rod 41a by bonding or other means, the friction film 41c may be adhered to the surface of the friction head 41b by bonding or other means, the first metal electrode plate 42a, the first separator 42b, the second metal electrode plate 42c, and the second separator 42d may be stacked together by bonding or clamping or other means and fixed on the upper surface of the base 1, the first metal electrode plate 42a faces the friction film 41c and contacts the friction film 41c, and the second separator 42d contacts the upper surface of the base 1.
Since the friction film 41c of the movable friction assembly 41 is rotated by the bracket 2, it is rubbed with the first metal electrode plate 42a once every rotation. Due to the friction power generation, if the first metal electrode plate 42a is connected to the second metal electrode plate 42c via the resistor R3, a pulse voltage can be outputted therebetween. The wind speed V can be calculated by respectively leading out a wire from the first metal electrode plate 42a and the second metal electrode plate 42c, connecting the wires with the voltage stabilizing circuit 5, stabilizing the voltage by utilizing the voltage stabilizing circuit 5, inputting the voltage to the singlechip 6, detecting the interval time T between two continuous pulse voltages by the singlechip 6, and then jointing the radius R from the contact point of the friction film 41c and the first metal electrode plate 42a to the rotation center of the bracket 2.
The voltage stabilizing circuit 5 comprises an integrated operational amplifier, the first metal electrode plate 42a is connected with the second metal electrode plate 42C through a resistor R3, the resistor R3 is also connected with a capacitor C4 in parallel, the first metal electrode plate 42a is also connected with a non-inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier, the second metal electrode plate 42C is also connected with a inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier, and an output end of the integrated operational amplifier is connected with a signal input end of the singlechip 6 through the resistor R4.
The capacitor C4 is used for smoothing and filtering the rubbing voltage signal generated by the first metal electrode plate 42a and the rubbing film 41C to form a relatively clean rectangular pulse signal.
Because the friction electricity generation sensor 4 can produce the unequal voltage of height because of the difference of frictional force, the voltage is too low can lead to singlechip 6 unable receipt trigger signal, and the voltage is too high can burn out the internal circuit of singlechip 6, and the output voltage of friction electricity generation sensor 4 is connected singlechip 6 again after the integrated fortune is put, when the voltage is lower, can improve the sensitivity of friction electricity generation sensor 4, when the voltage is higher, can protect singlechip 6, because the output voltage of fortune is put invariable.
The friction head 41b is semi-cylindrical, the circular arc surface of the friction head 41b faces downward, and the friction film 41c is attached.
By adopting the structure, the friction film 41c is in good contact with the first metal electrode plate, the semi-cylindrical friction head 41b is convenient for cutting in and cutting out when in contact with the first metal electrode plate 42a, collision and running are avoided, the service life is prolonged, the processing is convenient, and the opposite end faces of the arc faces of the friction head 41b are adhered to the lower end of the support rod 41 a.
The supporting rod 41a is made of acrylic, and the friction head 41b is made of sponge.
The supporting rod 41a adopts acrylic to reduce the weight of the wind speed measuring instrument and insulate, and the friction head 41b adopts sponge to have elasticity, so that the abrasion of the friction film 41c can be reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
The upper surface of the first metal electrode plate 42a is fixedly provided with a hemispherical convex array.
The hemispherical convex array can increase the contact effect of the first metal electrode plate 42a with the friction film 41c.
The obtained electronic material film is a PTFE film, a FEP film, a PET film, a PDMS film, a Parylene F film or a Kapton film;
the first metal electrode plate 42a and the second metal electrode plate 42c are copper sheets; the first separator 42b and the second separator 42d are acrylic plates.
Kapton film is a trade name for Polyimide (PI) film materials. The Parylene film is a Parylene film, and the PDMS film is a polydimethylsiloxane film; the PET film is a polyethylene terephthalate film; the FEP film is a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film; the PTFE membrane is a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.
The materials are cheap and easy to obtain.
A measuring method of a wind speed measuring instrument is used for the wind speed measuring instrument and comprises the following steps:
step a, acquiring the Nth trigger time T1 of the friction power generation sensor 4;
step b, acquiring the (N+1) th trigger time T2 of the friction power generation sensor 4;
step c, calculating a trigger time interval T between the nth time and the (n+1) th time of the friction power generation sensor 4, wherein T=T2-T1;
step d, calculating wind speed V, V=2pi R/T, wherein R is the radius of rotation of the contact point of the friction film 41c and the first metal electrode plate 42a around the axis of the bracket 2;
and e, displaying the wind speed V through a display 7.
The single chip microcomputer can easily calculate the wind speed V by detecting the interval T between the two triggering times of the friction power generation sensor 4 and combining the interval T into the radius that the contact point of the friction film 41c and the first metal electrode plate 42a rotates around the axis of the bracket 2, and the wind speed V can be continuously measured by repeating the measuring method.
When the wind cup 3 is blown by external wind to drive the bracket 2 to rotate, the friction film 41c on the friction electric generator 4 rotates immediately, and the friction film 41c contacts and separates once with the first metal electrode 42a fixed on the base 1 every turn, thereby generating a pulse level signal, the voltage pulse signal can be output at two ends of the resistor by using the resistor connected between the first metal electrode 42a and the second metal electrode 42c, and then the interval time T of two adjacent pulse voltage signals is read, wherein the interval time T is the time of one turn of the wind cup 3T, using linear velocity formulaWherein R is the radius of the contact point of the friction film 41c and the first metal electrode plate 42a rotating around the axis of the bracket 2, the corresponding linear velocity V, namely wind speed, can be obtained, and then the linear velocity V is displayed by a display circuit. The invention has the innovation points that the design structure of the friction power generation sensor 4 is passive, the friction power generation sensor 4 does not need an external power supply at all, the overall design is simple, the response time is quick, and the overall price is very low.
The voltage stabilizing circuit 5, the singlechip 6 and the display 7 are powered by a battery or by an alternating current power supply after being transformed by a transformation device.
The voltage transformation device can be saved by battery power supply, the trouble of replacing the battery or charging can be avoided by adopting an alternating current power supply to supply power through the voltage transformation device, and the battery can be selected according to the requirement.
The invention provides a wind speed measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof, and designs the wind speed measuring instrument which has high precision, quick response time, simple structure and low price by combining the principle of friction power generation.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above description is only illustrative of the specific embodiments of the invention and it is of course possible for those skilled in the art to make modifications and variations to the invention, which are deemed to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a wind speed measuring apparatu, includes base (1), rotation mounting support (2) on base (1), fixed mounting has wind cup (3), its characterized in that on support (2): the friction generating sensor (4) comprises a movable friction component (41) and a fixed induction component (42) which are in friction contact with each other;
the movable friction assembly (41) comprises a support rod (41 a), a friction head (41 b) and a friction film (41 c), wherein the upper end of the support rod (41 a) is fixed on the support (2), the friction head (41 b) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the support rod, the friction film (41 c) is arranged on the surface of the friction head (41 b), and the friction film (41 c) is an electronic material film;
the fixed induction component (42) comprises a first metal electrode plate (42 a), a first partition plate (42 b), a second metal electrode plate (42 c) and a second partition plate (42 d) which are fixed together and are sequentially stacked, the fixed induction component (42) is fixed on the upper surface of the base (1), and the first metal electrode plate (42 a) is positioned on the rotation radius of the friction film (41 c);
the first metal electrode plate (42 a) and the second metal electrode plate (42 c) are respectively connected with two input ends of the voltage stabilizing circuit (5), the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit (5) is connected with the signal input end of the singlechip (6), the singlechip (6) is also provided with a display end group, and the display end group is connected with a display (7);
the voltage stabilizing circuit (5) comprises an integrated operational amplifier, the first metal electrode plate (42 a) is connected with the second metal electrode plate (42C) through a resistor R3, the resistor R3 is also connected with a capacitor C4 in parallel, the first metal electrode plate (42 a) is also connected with a non-inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier, the second metal electrode plate (42C) is also connected with an inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier, and an output end of the integrated operational amplifier is connected with a signal input end of the singlechip (6) through the resistor R4;
the capacitor C4 is used for carrying out smooth filtering on the friction voltage signals generated by the first metal electrode plate (42 a) and the friction film (41C) to form a relatively regular rectangular pulse signal;
the output voltage of the friction electricity generation sensor (4) is connected with the singlechip (6) after being integrated and operational amplifier, when the voltage is lower, the sensitivity of the friction electricity generation sensor (4) can be improved, and when the voltage is higher, the singlechip (6) can be protected, because the voltage of the output end of the integrated and operational amplifier is constant.
2. Wind speed measurement instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: the friction head (41 b) is semi-cylindrical, the arc surface of the friction head (41 b) faces downwards, and the friction film (41 c) is attached.
3. Wind speed measurement instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: the supporting rod (41 a) is made of acrylic, and the friction head (41 b) is made of sponge.
4. A wind speed measurement instrument according to claim 3, wherein: the upper surface of the first metal electrode plate (42 a) is fixedly provided with a hemispherical convex array.
5. Wind speed measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: the obtained electronic material film is a PTFE film, a FEP film, a PET film, a PDMS film, a Parylene F film or a Kapton film;
the first metal electrode plate (42 a) and the second metal electrode plate (42 c) are copper sheets; the first separator (42 b) and the second separator (42 d) are acrylic plates.
6. A method of measuring a wind speed measuring instrument according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step a, acquiring the Nth trigger time T1 of the friction power generation sensor (4);
step b, acquiring the (N+1st) triggering time T2 of the friction power generation sensor (4);
step c, calculating a triggering time interval T between the nth time and the (n+1) th time of the friction power generation sensor (4), wherein T=T2-T1;
step d, calculating wind speed V, V=2pi R/T, wherein R is the radius of rotation of the contact point of the friction film (41 c) and the first metal electrode plate (42 a) around the axis of the bracket (2),
and e, displaying the wind speed V through a display (7).
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109682989B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-11-13 | 大连民族大学 | Self-driven agricultural internet of things wind speed sensor based on friction nano generator |
| CN109861579B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-09-10 | 赵延军 | Nano friction electricity generation method for self-driven agricultural Internet of things wind speed sensor |
| CN110231495A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-13 | 清华大学 | Self energizing wind speed measuring device |
| CN112945315B (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2023-04-18 | 大连海事大学 | Ship exhaust gas flow monitoring device based on rotation type friction nano generator |
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