CN109667726B - Wind turbine rotating speed measuring structure and device of wind turbine generator and wind turbine generator set - Google Patents
Wind turbine rotating speed measuring structure and device of wind turbine generator and wind turbine generator set Download PDFInfo
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- CN109667726B CN109667726B CN201710977746.1A CN201710977746A CN109667726B CN 109667726 B CN109667726 B CN 109667726B CN 201710977746 A CN201710977746 A CN 201710977746A CN 109667726 B CN109667726 B CN 109667726B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/304—Spool rotational speed
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure and device of a wind driven generator and a wind driven generator set, wherein the wind driven generator comprises a hub or a low-speed shaft, and the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure of the wind driven generator comprises: the support, the detection block, the first elastic component and the second elastic component which are same in structure and are arranged on the hub or the low-speed shaft, and the pressure sensor; the upper end of the detection block is connected with the top of the support after being connected with the first elastic part, and the lower end of the detection block is connected with the pressure sensor fixed at the bottom of the support after being connected with the second elastic part. According to the scheme provided by the invention, the centripetal force of the detection block can be measured, and the rotating speed of the wind wheel can be calculated according to the relation between the centripetal force and the rotating speed, so that the measurement precision is improved, and the method is simple, convenient and efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power, in particular to a wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure and device of a wind driven generator and a wind driven generator set.
Background
In large wind generating sets, variable-speed variable-pitch wind generators are commonly used at present, that is, the rotating speed of a wind wheel is controlled by adjusting the position of a blade (also called as a pitch angle), and then the output power of a fan is controlled. In the wind generating set, a main control system mainly realizes the maximum power tracking of wind energy according to the rotating speed of a fan or reference wind speed, so that the wind energy is converted into electric energy to the maximum extent.
In the prior art, a pulse counting method is generally adopted as a rotating speed measuring method, that is, the number of times of triggering a sensing switch in unit time is detected through sensing equipment such as the sensing switch and a hall switch, and then the rotating speed is calculated. When the rotating speed is low, the number of times of triggering the sensing switch in unit time is small because the rotating speed of the wind wheel is low, so that the measurement precision is reduced. At present, methods for improving the rotating speed measurement accuracy of a low-speed shaft mainly include increasing the number of trigger devices for triggering sensor switches, and averaging the two sensor switches or filtering the measured rotating speed value. The above method mainly has the following defects:
(1) increasing the number of trigger devices for triggering the sensing switch: because the trigger device is fixed on the low-speed shaft turntable, under the condition of smaller circumference, the increase of more trigger devices is difficult to realize, and meanwhile, the scheme also causes the increase of cost;
(2) using two sensing switches, averaging: because the measurement results of the two sensing switches have errors, the scheme has no obvious effect on improving the measurement precision;
(3) and (3) carrying out filtering processing on the measured rotating speed value: according to the scheme, the stability of the rotating speed value can be ensured only through filtering treatment, and the improvement of the measurement precision cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure and device of the wind driven generator and the wind driven generator set, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the rotating speed of the wind wheel is calculated according to the relation between the centripetal force and the rotating speed by measuring the centripetal force of the detecting block, so that the measuring precision is improved, and the simplicity, convenience and high efficiency are realized.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a structure for measuring a rotational speed of a wind turbine, where the wind turbine includes a hub or a low-speed shaft, and the structure includes: the support, the detection block, the first elastic component and the second elastic component which are same in structure and are arranged on the hub or the low-speed shaft, and the pressure sensor; the upper end of the detection block is connected with the top of the support after being connected with the first elastic part, and the lower end of the detection block is connected with the pressure sensor fixed at the bottom of the support after being connected with the second elastic part.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a wind wheel rotating speed measuring device of a wind driven generator, which comprises: the wind turbine generator wind wheel rotation speed measurement device comprises a detection block rotation angle acquisition module, a controller and the wind turbine generator wind wheel rotation speed measurement structure, wherein the detection block rotation angle acquisition module is used for acquiring the rotation angle of the detection block; the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure of the wind driven generator is used for outputting a sensing value detected by the pressure sensor in the rotating process of the detecting block; the controller is used for calculating the compensation quantity of the gravity centripetal force borne by the detection block according to the mass of the detection block and the rotation angle of the detection block, and calculating the centripetal force borne by the detection block according to the compensation quantity and the sensing value detected by the pressure sensor; and calculating to obtain a wind wheel rotating speed value according to the theoretical relation between the centripetal force and the wind wheel rotating speed.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a wind turbine generator system, including: the wind turbine rotor speed measuring device of the wind turbine is arranged.
According to the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure and device of the wind driven generator and the wind driven generator set, the detecting block, the pressure sensor and the two elastic parts with the same structure are arranged on the hub or the low-speed shaft, the centripetal force of the detecting block is measured by utilizing the rotating characteristic of the wind wheel and the centripetal force principle of the detecting block during rotation, and the rotating speed of the wind wheel is calculated according to the relation between the centripetal force and the rotating speed, so that the measuring precision is improved, and the wind driven generator set is simple, convenient and efficient.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a centripetal force principle of an object according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first structural diagram illustrating a measurement of a rotational speed of a wind wheel of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second structure for measuring the rotational speed of a wind wheel of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conductive strip structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind turbine rotor speed measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a gravity compensation stress analysis of a detection block according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a first schematic structural diagram of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-hub or low-speed shaft, 2-bracket, 3-detection block, 4-first elastic part, 5-second elastic part, 6-pressure sensor, 7-detection baffle, 8-first conductive strip, 9-second conductive strip, 310-cabin, 320-master control cabinet, 330-low-speed shaft, 340-hub, 350-slip ring and 360-variable pitch control cabinet.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a centripetal force principle of an object according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, when the object moves along a circular or curved track, a resultant external force acting on the object and pointing to a circle center (a curvature center) is the centripetal force, and the centripetal force may be generated by any force, such as an elastic force, a gravity force, a friction force, or a resultant force of several forces or a component force thereof. According to the centripetal force principle, the centripetal force applied to the object is related to the mass, the rotating radius and the angular velocity of the object, and when the mass, the rotating radius and the centripetal force applied to the object are known, the angular velocity of the object in rotation can be calculated through a centripetal force formula.
The wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure of the wind driven generator provided by the embodiment of the invention utilizes the centripetal force principle, and the core idea is as follows: the detection block, the pressure sensor and the two elastic parts with the same structure are arranged on the hub or the low-speed shaft, the centripetal force (hereinafter referred to as the centripetal force) of the detection block is obtained by combining the measured value of the pressure sensor and the self gravity compensation of the detection block according to the rotation characteristic of the wind wheel and the centripetal force principle when the detection block rotates, and then the angular speed of the detection block is calculated through the centripetal force formula, so that the rotating speed of the wind wheel can be obtained, the measurement accuracy is improved, and the method is simple, convenient and efficient.
The technical solution of the present application is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example one
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure for measuring the rotational speed of a wind wheel of a wind turbine provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention, based on the centripetal force principle, the measurement structure is mainly used for measuring the support force of a low-speed shaft or a hub on a position where a detection block is located, and the support force points to the rotational axis of the hub or the low-speed shaft. As shown in fig. 2, the wind turbine includes a hub or low-speed shaft 1 (in this embodiment, the hub or low-speed shaft is denoted as 1 as a whole, and specifically, the low-speed shaft 330 and the hub 340 in fig. 7 or fig. 8), and the wind turbine rotor speed measuring structure includes: the device comprises a bracket 2 arranged on a hub or a low-speed shaft 1, a detection block 3, a first elastic component 4 and a second elastic component 5 which have the same structure, and a pressure sensor 6.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the bracket 2 is disposed on the inner side wall or the outer side wall of the hub or the low-speed shaft 1, and may be disposed in various structures, such as a fully-enclosed hollow cavity structure or a hollow frame structure. The first elastic member 4 and the second elastic member 5 can be made of various elastic materials, as long as the materials have elasticity, can be deformed, and can be used for detecting the magnitude of the elastic force, such as springs. In addition, the first elastic component 4 and the second elastic component 5 are the same in structure, that is, the same elastic material is used for the two components to ensure that the elastic coefficients are the same, and the lengths of the two components are equal when the two components are not deformed. Thus, when the first elastic member 4 and the second elastic member 5 are deformed, since the elastic coefficients and the changing lengths of the two members are equal, the elastic forces are equal according to Hooke's law. In combination with the newton's third law, that is, the acting force and the reacting force between two objects are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and act on a straight line, according to this, the centripetal force can be obtained by the sensing value measured by the pressure sensor 6 and the gravity compensation of the detecting block 3, without measuring the variable lengths of the first elastic member 4 and the second elastic member 5, which is simple and convenient to operate.
The upper end of the detection block 3 is connected with the top of the bracket 2 after being connected with the first elastic part 4, and the lower end of the detection block 3 is connected with the pressure sensor 6 fixed at the bottom of the bracket 2 after being connected with the second elastic part 5.
Specifically, the top of the bracket 2 and the upper end of the detection block 3 are both ends relatively close to the axis of the hub or the low-speed shaft 1, and the bottom of the bracket 2 and the lower end of the detection block 3 are both ends relatively far away from the axis of the hub or the low-speed shaft 1. As shown in fig. 2, two ends of the first elastic component 4 are respectively connected with the top of the bracket 2 and the upper end of the detection block 3, and the connection mode can be fixed connection; the both ends of second elastic component 5 are connected with the lower extreme and the pressure sensor 6 that detect piece 3 respectively, pressure sensor 6 is located the bottom of support 2, wherein, the one end of second elastic component 5 can be fixed with the lower extreme that detects piece 3 and be connected, the other end is connected with the contact of pressure sensor 6, when wheel hub or low-speed axle 1 rotated, it moves to the bottom of support 2 to detect piece 3 under the effect of centrifugal force, first elastic component 4 lengthens this moment, second elastic component 5 shortens and produces pressure to pressure sensor 6, consequently, second elastic component 5 only needs the contact to be connected can its sensing value of accurate measurement with pressure sensor 6.
The extension line direction from the bottom to the top of the bracket 2 is wholly directed to the rotating shaft center direction of the hub or the low-speed shaft 1.
Specifically, the contact point of the bracket 2 and the hub or the low-speed shaft 1 is taken as a tangent point, and an extension line from the bottom to the top of the bracket 2 is perpendicular to a tangent line passing through the tangent point (i.e., pointing to the direction of the rotation axis of the hub or the low-speed shaft 1). In an actual application scenario, the extension line direction and the direction pointing to the rotation axis may also form a certain included angle C, and accordingly, when calculating the spring force, the actual sensing value needs to be multiplied by cosC to be used as the final sensing value.
Further, in the wind turbine rotating speed measuring structure of the wind turbine generator, the support 2 is a hollow cavity, and the detecting block 3, the first elastic component 4, the second elastic component 5 and the pressure sensor 6 are located inside the hollow cavity.
Specifically, the bracket 2 may have a hollow cavity structure, as shown in fig. 2, a first elastic component 4, a detection block 3, a second elastic component 5, and a pressure sensor 6 may be sequentially disposed from the top to the bottom inside the bracket 2, and the bracket 2 may well fix the above components inside the bracket.
According to the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure of the wind driven generator, the detecting block, the pressure sensor and the two elastic parts with the same structure are arranged on the hub or the low-speed shaft, the centripetal force of the detecting block can be measured by utilizing the rotating characteristic of the wind wheel and the centripetal force principle when the detecting block rotates, and then the rotating speed of the wind wheel is calculated according to the relation between the centripetal force and the rotating speed, so that the measuring precision is improved, and the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure is simple, convenient and efficient.
Example two
On the basis of the above embodiments, the present embodiment further refines the structure for measuring the rotational speed of the wind turbine rotor. Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a second structure for measuring the rotational speed of the wind wheel of the wind turbine provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, in the structure for measuring the rotational speed of the wind wheel, a detection baffle 7 is disposed at an end of the second elastic component 5, which is opposite to the pressure sensor 6, and is used for contacting with the pressure sensor 6 to detect the elastic force generated by the second elastic component 5.
Specifically, since the contact area between the second elastic member 5 and the pressure sensor 6 is small, the measurement accuracy of the pressure sensor 6 is easily reduced, and therefore the detection baffle 7 can be disposed between the second elastic member 5 and the pressure sensor 6, so that the area of action of the pressure of the second elastic member 5 on the pressure sensor 6 can be enlarged, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.
Further, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conductive strip structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, two conductive strips (a first conductive strip 8 and a second conductive strip 9) insulated from each other are vertically arranged at the bottom of the bracket 2, tops of the first conductive strip 8 and the second conductive strip 9 are opposite to the lower end surface of the detection block 3, the opposite first end surfaces are made of conductive materials with the same height, and surface portions of the first conductive strip 8 and the second conductive strip 9 except the first end surface are made of insulating materials.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the first conductive strip 8 and the second conductive strip 9 are vertically disposed at the bottom of the bracket 2 and located at two sides of the second elastic component 5, the surfaces of the tops of the two conductive strips opposite to the detection block 3 are the first end surfaces, the first end surfaces of the first conductive strip 8 and the second conductive strip 9 have the same height and are both made of conductive materials, and the remaining surfaces of the two conductive strips are made of insulating materials except the first end surface.
It should be noted that the length of the second elastic member 5 when it is not deformed should be greater than the heights of the two conductive strips, so as to ensure that the detecting block 3 connected to the upper end of the second elastic member 5 cannot contact the tops of the first conductive strip 8 and the second conductive strip 9 when the rotation speed of the wind wheel is small or in a normal range. In addition, the top of the conductive strip is the end pointing to the top of the bracket 2, and the lower end face of the detection block 3 is the end facing to the bottom of the bracket 2.
The first conducting strip 8 and the second conducting strip 9 are connected in series in an external circuit; the detection block 3 has a conductive material thereon for making the external circuit conductive after the detection block 3 is contacted with the first conductive strip 8 and the second conductive strip 9.
Specifically, two conductive strips are connected in series in an external circuit, and the detection block 3 may be provided as a conductive material, or a portion of a conductive material may be provided therein, so that a path can be formed after the lower end surface of the detection block 3 is brought into contact with the first conductive strip 8 and the second conductive strip 9.
In the practical application scenario, when the rotating speed of the wind wheel is large, the detection block 3 can generate a large centrifugal force, the deformation amount of the first elastic component 4 and the deformation amount of the second elastic component 5 are increased, and when the deformation amount reaches a preset value, the lower end face of the detection block 3 is in contact with the first end faces of the first conductive strips 8 and the second conductive strips 9, so that an external circuit is conducted, and fault shutdown is triggered.
According to the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure of the wind driven generator, the detecting block, the pressure sensor and the two elastic parts with the same structure are arranged on the hub or the low-speed shaft, the centripetal force of the detecting block can be measured by utilizing the rotating characteristic of the wind wheel and the centripetal force principle when the detecting block rotates, and then the rotating speed of the wind wheel is calculated according to the relation between the centripetal force and the rotating speed, so that the measuring precision is improved, and the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure is simple, convenient and efficient.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, a detection baffle plate can be arranged at one end of the second elastic component, which is opposite to the pressure sensor, and is used for increasing the stress area of the pressure sensor, so that the measurement precision is further improved.
Furthermore, the embodiment of the invention can also arrange two conductive strips at the bottom of the bracket, and when the rotating speed of the wind wheel is overlarge, an external circuit can be conducted, so that the fault shutdown is triggered, the overspeed protection is provided for the wind driven generator, the loss of the elastic part is reduced, and the operation safety of the rotating speed measuring structure of the wind wheel is improved.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 5, a schematic structural diagram of a wind turbine rotor speed measuring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: a detection block rotation angle acquisition module 110, a controller 130 and the wind turbine rotor rotation speed measurement structure 120.
And the detection block rotation angle acquisition module 110 is used for acquiring the rotation angle of the detection block 3.
Specifically, the centripetal force applied to the detection block 3 during the rotation process further includes gravity compensation of the detection block 3 itself, that is, a component force of the gravity applied to the detection block 3 in the direction pointing to the hub or the axis of the low-speed shaft 1. The magnitude of the component force is related to the gravity of the detection block 3 and the rotation angle thereof, so that the rotation angle of the detection block 3 needs to be acquired, and the rotation angle of the detection block 3 can be acquired in various ways, for example, by using a method of combining a proximity switch with the detection block 3.
And the wind turbine rotor rotating speed measuring structure 120 is used for outputting a sensing value detected by the pressure sensor 6 in the rotating process of the detecting block 3. This structure is specifically described in embodiment one and embodiment two.
The controller 130 is configured to calculate a compensation amount of a centripetal force of gravity applied to the detection block 3 according to the mass of the detection block 3 and the rotation angle of the detection block 3, and calculate the centripetal force applied to the detection block 3 according to the compensation amount and a sensing value detected by the pressure sensor 6; and calculating to obtain a wind wheel rotating speed value according to the theoretical relationship between the centripetal force and the wind wheel rotating speed.
Specifically, the centripetal force applied to the detection block 3 during the rotation process includes its own gravity compensation amount, the pulling force applied thereto by the first elastic member 4, and the supporting force applied thereto by the second elastic member 5, and the pulling force and the supporting force are equal to each other according to the newton's third law, i.e., are the sensing values of the pressure sensor 6, so that the centripetal force applied to the detection block 3 can be obtained according to the sensing value of the pressure sensor 6 and the gravity compensation amount of the detection block 3. As mentioned above, according to the centripetal force principle, the magnitude of the centripetal force is related to the mass, the rotation radius and the angular velocity of the detection block 3, and when the mass, the rotation radius and the centripetal force applied to the detection block 3 are known, the angular velocity of the rotation of the detection block 3 can be calculated through the centripetal force formula, so as to calculate the rotation speed value of the wind wheel.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, a schematic view of analyzing gravity compensation stress of a detection block according to an embodiment of the present invention includes that a compensation amount of a centripetal force of gravity applied to the detection block 3 is calculated according to a mass of the detection block 3 and a rotation angle of the detection block 3, and the centripetal force applied to the detection block 3 is calculated according to the compensation amount and a sensing value detected by the pressure sensor 6:
according to
FTo the direction of＝2FPress and press+G*cos(θ)……………………………………………………(1)
Calculating the centripetal force FTo the direction of；
Wherein, FPress and pressThe vertical highest point of the hub or the low-speed shaft 1 is set to be 0 degree, and the clockwise direction is the positive angle direction.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the vertical highest point position of the hub or the low-speed shaft 1 is the illustrated 0-degree position, and when the detection block 3 is located at the illustrated position 210, the component force of the gravity G borne by the detection block 3 in the axis direction pointing to the hub or the low-speed shaft 1 along the detection block 3 is G2, then:
G2＝G*cos(θ)…………………………………………………………(2)
when the wind wheel rotates, the detection block 3 moves towards the bottom of the support 2 under the action of centrifugal force, at the moment, the first elastic component 4 stretches, the second elastic component 5 shortens, and since the change distance of the first elastic component 4 is the same as that of the second elastic component 5, the change distance is assumed to be x, according to the hooke's law, the elastic coefficient of the first elastic component 4 and that of the second elastic component 5 are assumed to be k, and then the elastic force F1 generated by the first elastic component 4 is:
F1＝kx……………………………………………………………(3)
the tensile force F2 generated by the second elastic element 5 is:
F2＝kx……………………………………………………………(4)
according to the Newton's third law, the forces applied to the two ends of the second elastic member 5 are equal, so that the elastic force generated by the second elastic member 5 is the sensing value measured by the pressure sensor 6, and the sensing value is FPress and pressThe following can be obtained:
F1＝F2＝Fpress and press……………………………………………………………(5)
The centripetal force F to which the block 3 is subjected is detectedTo the direction ofComprises the following steps:
Fto the direction of＝F1+F2+G2…………………………………………………………(6)
The formula (1) can be obtained by combining the formula (2), the formula (5) and the formula (6).
Assuming that the mass of the detection block 3 is m, the angular velocity of the detection block 3 when rotating is ω, and the radius of the hub or the low-speed shaft 1 is r, it can be obtained according to the centripetal force formula:
Fto the direction of＝mrω2………………………………………………………………(7)
The detection block 3 is positioned on the hub or the low-speed shaft 1, so that the rotating speeds of the hub and the low-speed shaft are equal, and the rotating speed of the wind wheel is n, so that the following can be obtained:
ω＝2πn………………………………………………………………(8)
by combining formula (1), formula (7) and formula (8), it is possible to obtain:
2Fpress and press+G*cos(θ)＝mr(2πn)2………………………………………………(9)
In the formula (9), except the rotation speed n of the wind wheel, other parameters can be obtained through measurement, so that the rotation speed value of the wind wheel can be easily obtained through calculation.
Further, the two structures for measuring the rotational speed of the wind wheel of the wind turbine generator are arranged on the hub or the low-speed shaft 1, the difference between the positions is 180 degrees (such as a position 220 and a position 230 shown in fig. 6), the compensation amount of the gravity centripetal force applied to the detection block 3 is calculated according to the mass of the detection block 3 and the rotation angle of the detection block 3, and the centripetal force applied to the detection block 3 is calculated according to the compensation amount and the sensing value detected by the pressure sensor 6, wherein the calculation comprises the following steps:
according to
FTo the direction of＝FPressing 1+FPressing 2…………………………………………………………(10)
Calculating the centripetal force FTo the direction of(ii) a Wherein, FPressing 1、FPressing 2The compensation quantities of the gravity centripetal force borne by the two detection blocks and the sensing values detected by the two pressure sensors are respectively offset with each other.
Specifically, when the detecting block 3 is located at the position 220 shown in fig. 6, the gravity G applied to the detecting block 3 can be decomposed into G3 and G4, wherein the gravity compensation G3 of the detecting block 3 points in the direction departing from the hub or the axis of the low-speed shaft 1, and the rotation angle of the detecting block 3 is defined as e, so that:
G3＝G*cos(180°-e)……………………………………………………(11)
according to the cosine function change curve, as the rotation angle of the detection block 3 changes, the positive and negative of the rest chord values are exactly consistent with the positive and negative of the gravity compensation of the detection block, and the rotation angle of the detection block 3 is set as theta, that is, when the detection block 3 rotates to the upper half circle shown in fig. 6, G & cos (theta) is a positive value, and when the detection block 3 rotates to the lower half circle shown in fig. 6, G & cos (theta) is a negative value. Based on this, two structures for measuring the rotation speed of the wind wheel of the wind driven generator with an included angle of 180 degrees can be arranged on the hub or the low-speed shaft 1, including but not limited to the position 220 and the position 230 shown in fig. 6, and the position FPressing 1、FPressing 2The sensing values measured by the pressure sensors 6 at the positions 220 and 230 respectively can be known from the centripetal force principle, and the centripetal forces applied to two identical detecting blocks 3 on the same hub or low-speed shaft 1 are equal, and the combination formula (1) can obtain:
Fto the direction of＝[2FPressing 1+|G*cos(θ)|+2FPressing 2-|G*cos(θ)]/2……………………………(12)
As can be seen from equation (12), the gravity compensation G × cos (θ) of the two detection blocks 3 having an included angle of 180 degrees are calculated to cancel each other out, thereby obtaining equation (10). Based on this, it is not necessary to consider the influence of the gravity on the centripetal force of the detection block 3, andthe rotation angle of the detection block 3 does not need to be measured, and only the sensing values F measured by the two pressure sensors 6 need to be measuredPressing 1And FPressing 2The rotating speed value of the wind wheel can be obtained through calculation, so that the measuring precision is improved, the method is simple and easy to implement, and the cost is saved.
According to the wind wheel rotating speed measuring device of the wind driven generator, the rotating angle collecting module of the detecting block, the controller and the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure of the wind driven generator are arranged, the centripetal force of the detecting block can be obtained by combining the self gravity compensation of the detecting block by utilizing the rotating characteristics of the wind wheel and the centripetal force principle when the detecting block rotates, so that the rotating speed of the wind wheel is calculated, the measuring precision is improved, and the device is simple, convenient and efficient.
Furthermore, two wind wheel rotating speed measuring structures of the wind driven generator can be arranged in the wind wheel rotating speed measuring device of the wind driven generator, the gravity compensation of the two detection blocks is mutually offset, the rotation angle of the detection block does not need to be measured, the influence of the gravity centripetal force of the detection block does not need to be considered, and the wind wheel rotating speed value can be obtained through calculation, so that the scheme is simpler and more convenient, and the measuring precision is further improved.
Example four
On the basis of the previous embodiment, the present embodiment further expands the installation location of the controller 130 in the wind turbine rotor speed measuring device. As shown in fig. 7, a first structural diagram of a wind turbine provided in an embodiment of the present invention is that, in a wind turbine rotor speed measuring apparatus, a controller 130 is disposed in a main control cabinet 320 in a nacelle 310, and is electrically connected to a wind turbine rotor speed measuring structure located on a low speed shaft 330 in the nacelle 310, or is electrically connected to a wind turbine rotor speed measuring structure located in a hub 340 through a slip ring 350, so as to collect a sensing value detected by a pressure sensor 6.
Specifically, the hub 340 is connected with the low-speed shaft 330, when the wind wheel rotates under the action of wind force, the low-speed shaft 330 can be driven to rotate, all equipment and devices of a variable pitch system are installed in the wind wheel, and the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure of the wind driven generator can be arranged on the hub 340 or the low-speed shaft 330; the slip ring 350 is used for connecting cables in the hub 340 and the nacelle 310, so that the cables inside and outside the wind wheel hub 340 are connected without twisting; the main control cabinet 320 is located inside the nacelle 310 and is used for controlling the operation of the wind turbine generator; controller 130 may be disposed in main control cabinet 320, and electrically connected to a wind turbine rotor speed measurement structure located on low speed shaft 330 in nacelle 310, or electrically connected to a wind turbine rotor speed measurement structure located in hub 340 via slip ring 350, for collecting a sensing value detected by pressure sensor 6.
In an actual application scenario, when the hub 340 of the wind driven generator drives the low-speed shaft 330 to rotate, the detection block 3 in the wind wheel rotation speed measurement structure of the wind driven generator generates a centripetal force, and outputs a voltage signal through the pressure sensor 6, and the main control cabinet 320 acquires the voltage signal, so as to calculate the rotation speed value of the wind wheel.
Alternatively, controller 130 is disposed in pitch control cabinet 360 within hub 340 and is electrically connected to a wind turbine rotor speed measurement structure located on low speed shaft 330 within nacelle 310 via slip ring 350 or to a wind turbine rotor speed measurement structure located within hub 340 to collect sensed values detected by pressure sensor 6.
Specifically, the controller 130 may be further disposed in the pitch control cabinet 360, in an actual application scenario, when the hub 340 of the wind turbine drives the low-speed shaft 330 to rotate, the detecting block 3 in the wind turbine rotation speed measuring structure of the wind turbine generates a centripetal force, and outputs a voltage signal through the pressure sensor 6, and the pitch control cabinet 360 collects the voltage signal, thereby calculating a rotation speed value of the wind turbine.
Further, an analog quantity acquisition module is disposed in the controller 130 to acquire an analog signal corresponding to the sensing value detected by the pressure sensor 6.
In an actual application scenario, after the controller 130 located in the main control cabinet 320 or the pitch control cabinet 360 acquires the voltage signal output by the pressure sensor 6, the analog quantity acquisition module arranged in the controller 130 may also output a corresponding analog signal without additionally arranging a digital circuit, thereby effectively saving the cost.
According to the wind wheel rotating speed measuring device of the wind driven generator, the rotating angle collecting module of the detecting block, the controller and the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure of the wind driven generator are arranged, the controller is further refined, the rotating characteristics of the wind wheel and the centripetal force principle of the detecting block during rotation are utilized, the centripetal force of the detecting block can be measured, the rotating speed of the wind wheel can be calculated according to the relation between the centripetal force and the rotating speed, the measuring precision is improved, simplicity, convenience and high efficiency are achieved, and furthermore, the analog quantity collecting module is arranged in the controller, and the cost is effectively saved.
Further, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a wind turbine generator system, including: the wind wheel rotating speed measuring device of the wind driven generator is arranged.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A wind turbine rotor speed measurement structure, the wind turbine including a hub or a low speed shaft, comprising: the support, the detection block, the first elastic component and the second elastic component which are same in structure and are arranged on the hub or the low-speed shaft, and the pressure sensor;
the upper end of the detection block is connected with the top of the bracket after being connected with the first elastic part, the lower end of the detection block is connected with the second elastic part and then is in contact connection with the pressure sensor fixed at the bottom of the bracket,
two conductive strips which are insulated from each other are vertically arranged at the bottom of the support, the tops of the conductive strips are opposite to the lower end face of the detection block, the opposite first end faces are made of conductive materials with the same height, and the surfaces of the conductive strips except the first end faces are made of insulating materials; the two conductive strips are connected in series in an external circuit;
the detection block is provided with a conductive material and used for conducting the external circuit after the detection block is contacted with the two conductive strips.
2. The wind turbine rotor speed measuring structure according to claim 1, wherein a detection baffle is disposed at an end of the second elastic member facing the pressure sensor, and is configured to contact the pressure sensor to detect an elastic force generated by the second elastic member.
3. The wind turbine rotor speed measuring structure according to claim 1, wherein the bracket is a hollow cavity, and the detecting block, the first elastic member and the second elastic member, and the pressure sensor are located inside the hollow cavity.
4. The structure for measuring the rotational speed of a wind turbine rotor according to claim 1, wherein the extension direction from the bottom to the top of the bracket is perpendicular to the rotational axis of the hub or the low-speed shaft.
5. A wind turbine rotor speed measuring device is characterized by comprising: a detection block rotation angle acquisition module, a controller and a wind turbine rotor speed measurement structure of a wind turbine generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the detection block rotation angle acquisition module is used for acquiring the rotation angle of the detection block;
the wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure of the wind driven generator is used for outputting a sensing value detected by the pressure sensor in the rotating process of the detecting block;
the controller is used for calculating the compensation quantity of the gravity centripetal force borne by the detection block according to the mass of the detection block and the rotation angle of the detection block, and calculating the centripetal force borne by the detection block according to the compensation quantity and the sensing value detected by the pressure sensor; and calculating to obtain a wind wheel rotating speed value according to the theoretical relation between the centripetal force and the wind wheel rotating speed.
6. The wind turbine rotor speed measuring device according to claim 5, wherein the calculating a compensation amount of a centripetal force of gravity applied to the detecting block according to the mass of the detecting block and the rotation angle of the detecting block, and the calculating the centripetal force applied to the detecting block according to the compensation amount and the sensed value detected by the pressure sensor comprises:
according to FTo the direction of＝2FPress and press+ G cos (θ) calculating said centripetal force FTo the direction of；
Wherein, FPress and pressThe vertical highest point of the hub or the low-speed shaft is set to be 0 degree, and the clockwise direction is a positive angle direction.
7. Wind turbine rotor speed measuring device according to claim 5, wherein said wind turbine rotor speed measuring structures provided on said hub or said low speed shaft are two and provided at positions differing by 180 degrees,
the calculating the compensation quantity of the centripetal force of the gravity borne by the detection block according to the mass of the detection block and the rotation angle of the detection block and the calculating the centripetal force borne by the detection block according to the compensation quantity and the sensing value detected by the pressure sensor comprises:
according to FTo the direction of＝FPressing 1+FPressing 2Calculating the centripetal force FTo the direction of；
Wherein, FPressing 1、FPressing 2The compensation quantities of the gravity centripetal force borne by the two detection blocks and the sensing values detected by the two pressure sensors are respectively offset with each other.
8. Wind turbine rotor speed measuring device according to any of claims 5-7,
the controller is arranged in a main control cabinet in the engine room and is electrically connected with a wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure of the wind driven generator on the low-speed shaft in the engine room, or is electrically connected with a wind wheel rotating speed measuring structure of the wind driven generator in the hub through a slip ring so as to acquire a sensing value detected by the pressure sensor; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the controller is arranged in a variable pitch control cabinet in the hub and is electrically connected with a wind turbine rotating speed measuring structure on the low-speed shaft in the engine room through the slip ring, or is connected with the wind turbine rotating speed measuring structure in the hub so as to acquire a sensing value detected by the pressure sensor.
9. Wind turbine rotor speed measuring device according to claim 8,
and an analog quantity acquisition module is arranged in the controller to acquire analog signals corresponding to the sensing values detected by the pressure sensor.
10. A wind turbine generator set, comprising: a wind turbine rotor speed measuring device according to any of claims 5-9 is provided.
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| CN201710977746.1A CN109667726B (en) | 2017-10-17 | 2017-10-17 | Wind turbine rotating speed measuring structure and device of wind turbine generator and wind turbine generator set |
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| CN201710977746.1A CN109667726B (en) | 2017-10-17 | 2017-10-17 | Wind turbine rotating speed measuring structure and device of wind turbine generator and wind turbine generator set |
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| US7303373B2 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-12-04 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine systems, monitoring systems and processes for monitoring stress in a wind turbine blade |
| GB2458400B (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2010-02-17 | Insensys Ltd | Wind turbine monitoring |
| ES2388113T3 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2012-10-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement to detect a high turning speed of a shovel |
| GB2471060A (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-12-22 | Ralph-Peter Steven Bailey | Automatic pitch control for horizontal axis wind turbines |
| CN201896925U (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2011-07-13 | 吴江市金茂五金有限公司 | Self-measuring speed gear |
| CN201953561U (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-08-31 | 西门子公司 | Rotor over-speed detection device |
| CN106427831A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 明岐铝轮毂仪征有限公司 | Wheel hub capable of monitoring rotating speed |
| CN106286154B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2020-01-31 | 北京天诚同创电气有限公司 | System for measuring azimuth angle of wind wheel of wind driven generator |
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Address after: 830026 No. 107, Shanghai Road, Urumqi economic and Technological Development Zone, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Patentee after: Jinfeng Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 830026 No. 107, Shanghai Road, Urumqi economic and Technological Development Zone, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Patentee before: XINJIANG GOLDWIND SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |