CN205609045U - Mechanical engineering test technology experiment platform - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a mechanical engineering test technology experiment platform, including real device, ARM processor unit, 485 communication module, MCGS touch -sensitive screen and the power module of instructing, instruct in fact that the device includes moment of torsion detecting element, vibration detecting element, temperature detecting element, detecting element etc. Meets an emergency, moment of torsion detecting element comprises torque sensor and signal transmitter ware, the vibration detection unit comprises vibration sensor module and flat vibrating motor, the strain detection unit comprises beam of constant strength, resistance strain gauges and crooked sensor module, the pressure detection unit includes resistance strain pressure sensor and HX711 module, displacement detecting element comprises the ultrasonic distance measuring sensor module, the speed detection unit mainly comprises cell type opto -coupler sensor, code wheel, direct current motor and direct current motor speed regulator, the utility model discloses can let the student through carrying out simple operation, detect common physical quantity in the engineering field.

Description

Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering laboratory table

Technical field

This utility model relates to a kind of Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering laboratory table, belongs to the reality being applied to synthetic instruction Experiment device field.

Background technology

21 century is the information age, and testing and control technology together form with communication technology, computer technology The big pillar of the three of information industry.In recent years, due to measuring technology developing rapidly and extensively in mechanical industry Applying, many institution of higher learning of China and professional and technical training mechanism have all offered Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering course, This course is the backbone technology basic course that Techniques for Machinery Students is required, course mainly introduce mechanical engineering, Common physical quantity (such as pressure, strain, temperature, noise, vibration etc.) in the engineering fields such as industrial automation Sensor measurement principle, method of testing and signal analysis method.Compared with other Specialized courses, this subject Theoretical property is strong, the derivation of equation is complicated, and thinking changes to frequency domain from time domain, and concrete application process is abstract, only Optimal learning effect is can be only achieved by testing in a large number, intuitively.So Experimental Teaching Tache is to this course Most important, and Experimental Teaching Tache is weak in the past, is offered and tests single, independence, the most in disorder, and And be hardly formed overall concept, and disconnect with reality application.

This just makes designing and developing of mechanical engineering testing experimental system become experimental teaching urgent problem. Student can carry out innovative experiment with autonomous Design and choice experiment equipment, by innovative experiment theoretical knowledge with Actual application combines, and improves student and solves the ability of engineering problem, meanwhile, facilitates student to be formed To the more complete and architectonic understanding of observation and control technology of system.

Utility model content

In order to solve the problems referred to above, the utility model discloses Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering laboratory table, purpose exists In providing a kind of experimental bench device being applied to Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering experimental teaching.

For achieving the above object, this utility model can allow student by carrying out shirtsleeve operation, leads engineering In territory, common physical quantity (such as moment of torsion, vibration, temperature, strain, pressure, displacement, rotating speed etc.) is examined Survey, then by MCGS touch screen in the physical quantity data of actual training device different detection units collection are carried out Display in real time directly perceived also can generate chart, simultaneously student can be viewed locally the work of used sensor former Reason, structure, characteristic so that teaching becomes lively.

A kind of Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering laboratory table, including actual training device, arm processor unit, 485 leads to News module, MCGS touch screen and power module；

Described actual training device is by torque detecting unit, vibration detecting unit, temperature detecting unit, strain detecting Unit, pressure sensing cell, displacement detecting unit and rotation speed detection unit composition；

Described torque detecting unit is made up of torque sensor and signal transmitting device；Described torque sensor according to The deformation that resistance-strain principle produces lower for the effect of torsional moment foil gauge is converted into linear with it The signal of telecommunication, the signal of telecommunication of described torque sensor output is connected with the input of signal transmitting device by holding wire； Torque sensor output signal is carried out accurate amplification by described signal transmitting device, and mechanical quantity is converted into 0～5V Voltage signal exports；Described signal transmitting device output signal is with arm processor unit A/D sampling channel even Connect；

Described vibration detecting unit is made up of vibrating sensor module and flat vibration motor；Described flat vibrating Motor is used for producing vibration source；Described vibrating sensor module is directly rigidly connected with testee. When testee occurs vibration, vibrating sensor module is moved together with testee, shaking of testee Fatigue resistance is the biggest, and the voltage of vibrating sensor output is the highest, i.e. output voltage is directly proportional to oscillation intensity；Institute State vibrating sensor module output voltage signal to be connected with arm processor unit A/D sampling channel；

Described temperature detecting unit is mainly made up of platinum resistance thermometer sensor, PT1000 and temperature transmitter；Described platinum thermoelectricity Resistance PT1000 its resistance 0 spends when is 1000 ohm, and its resistance can form along with temperature rises At the uniform velocity increase；Described temperature transmitter is that the characteristic that the resistance utilizing platinum resistance thermometer sensor, changes with temperature change is incited somebody to action Variations in temperature is changed into change in voltage, then is converted through DC-isolation by voltage signal, obtains and temperature sensing Device completely isolated corresponding to measured point temperature voltage signal；Described temperature transmitter output voltage signal It is connected with arm processor unit A/D sampling channel；

Described strain detecting unit is made up of the beam of uniform strength, resistance strain plate and bend sensor module；Institute State the maximum (normal) stress on each cross section of the beam of uniform strength the most equal, and all reach the allowable stress of material；Described When resistance strain plate produces mechanically deform under the effect of external force, its resistance value changes accordingly, At the cantilever beam maximum normal strains such as described resistance strain plate is attached to；Described resistance strain plate is drawn two and is drawn Line (if resistance strain plate strains, the resistance between the two lead-in wire can change) and bending The input of sensor assembly connects；The flexural deformation of resistance strain plate is turned by described bend sensor module Change the voltage analog of 0～5V into；Described bend sensor module output voltage signal and arm processor list Unit's A/D sampling channel connects；

Described pressure sensing cell includes resistance strain type pressure sensor and HX711 module；Described resistance should Variant pressure transducer is made up of elastomer and resistance strain plate, and surface of elastomer is provided with resistance-type strain Sheet；Described elastomer produces elastic deformation under external force, makes to be pasted onto the resistance strain plate on its surface Also in company with being deformed, after resistance strain plate deformation, its resistance will occur respective change；Described resistance The output signal of strain pressure transducer is connected with HX711 module input by holding wire；Described The change of resistance strain type pressure sensor resistance is converted to the signal of telecommunication by HX711 module, and is turned by the signal of telecommunication Change corresponding digital signal output into；The digital signal of described HX711 module output and arm processor unit I/O pin connect；

Described displacement detecting unit is mainly made up of ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor module, and it uses ultrasound wave to return Ripple range measurement principle, uses accurate time difference measurement technology, detection ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor module and object Between distance, described ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor module automatically sends the square wave of 8 40kHz, automatically examines Whether have signal return, have signal to return then one high level of output if surveying, the persistent period of high level surpasses exactly Sound wave from being transmitted into time of return, described sound ranging sensor assembly outfan and arm processor unit I/O pin connect, for calculating persistent period of high level, thus calculate displacement: displacement=(high level The persistent period * velocity of sound)/2；

Described rotation speed detection unit is mainly adjusted by slot optical coupling sensor, code-disc, direct current generator and direct current generator Speed device composition；When described slot optical coupling sensor narrow slot centre is unobstructed, module output low level, in narrow slot Between when blocking, module output high level；Described code-disc is uniformly divided into 20 sector regions, wherein 10 Sector region is transparent, and 10 sector regions are in the light, and sector region interval that is transparent and that be in the light is arranged；Described code Dish is fixed in the rotating shaft of direct current generator, and described direct current generator drives code-disc in the narrow slot of slot optical coupling sensor Middle rotation, described code-disc rotate a circle slot optical coupling sensor output 10 high level signals；Described grooved light The output signal of coupling sensor is connected with the I/O pin of arm processor unit, by the unit of account time Receive the number of times of high level to calculate the rotating speed of direct current generator；Its external speed governing of described DC motor speed-regulating device Knob, its dutycycle exporting square wave by change makes the average current power in load change from 0～100%, For changing motor speed；

Described arm processor unit, it selects STM32 chip as main control MCU, is used for filling real training Putting the analog quantity of transmission becomes digital quantity row number of going forward side by side to filter, by 485 communication moulds by A/D module converter Block is followed " MODBUS " communications protocol and is carried out communication with MCGS touch screen；

Described 485 communication modules are made up of RS485 communication chip and peripheral circuit, for by main control MCU The same sub-signal produced is converted into differential signal and is transmitted；

Described arm processor unit and 485 communication modules are all welded in one piece of PCB；

Described touch screen is MCGS touch screen, enters through the establishment of MCGSE configuration environment in touch screen Mechanical engineering test application software, mechanical engineering test inspection software can be according to prior art program, content Including the static torque obtained by actual training device detection, oscillation intensity, temperature, strain, pressure, displacement With the data such as motor speed and the real-time display of corresponding chart, used sensor can be viewed locally simultaneously Operation principle, structure, characteristic.

Described power module is made up of Switching Power Supply, for mains supply is converted into a road 24V DC voltage With the DC voltage of a road 5V, wherein 24V DC voltage is for adjusting for MCGS touch screen and direct current generator Speed device is powered, and 5V DC voltage is for powering to embedded microprocessor and various sensor assembly.

Advantage of the present utility model:

Actual training device of the present utility model achieve to physical quantity common in engineering field (as pressure, strain, Temperature, rotating speed, vibration etc.) centralized detecting, it is simple to operate, and cost of manufacture is cheap, has volume little, Reliability high；

This utility model can be by MCGS touch screen in actual training device different detection units is gathered physical quantity Data carry out display in real time directly perceived and can generate chart, and student can be viewed locally used sensor simultaneously Operation principle, structure, characteristic so that teaching is lively；

This utility model not only facilitates the teaching efficiency of raising " Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering " course, deepens student Understanding to this course set point, and contribute to the raising of students'autonomous study enthusiasm and the training of creativity consciousness Support.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering experimental provision structure charts；

Fig. 2 is this utility model actual training device structure chart；

1, resistance strain plate, 2, etc. cantilever beam, 3, ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor, 4, pallet, 5, shake Dynamic sensor, 6, flat vibration motor, 7, torque sensor, 8, cantilever beam, 9, pallet, 10, real Test platform, 11, MCGS touch screen, 12, grooved tachogenerator, 13, platinum resistance thermometer sensor, PT1000,14, Code-disc, 15, pressure transducer, 16, direct current generator.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention is if no special instructions and commercially available obtain or use prior art to realize.

Embodiment 1: see figures.1.and.2.Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering laboratory table, including actual training device, ARM Processor unit, 485 communication modules, touch screen and power module；

Described actual training device is by torque detecting unit, vibration detecting unit, temperature detecting unit, strain detecting Unit, pressure sensing cell, displacement detecting unit, rotation speed detection unit form；

Described torque detecting unit by torque sensor JNNT-II, signal transmitting device BSQ-JN, cantilever beam and Pallet forms；Torque sensor is fixed on and does not lures steel testing stand side, and it reverses according to resistance-strain principle handle The deformation that the lower foil gauge of the effect of moment produces is converted into the signal of telecommunication linear with it；Torque sensor The signal of telecommunication of output is connected with the input of signal transmitting device by holding wire；Signal transmitting device is by torque sensing Device output signal carries out accurate amplification, and mechanical quantity is converted into 0～5V voltage signal output；Signal transmitting device Output signal is connected with arm processor unit A/D sampling channel；Cantilever beam is the level of state with ground, Cantilever beam one end is fixed on torque sensor, and the other end hangs a pallet, places during test in pallet The counterweight of different size, observes the change of moment of torsion by touch screen；

Described vibration detecting unit is by dragon dagger-axe electronic vibration sensor assembly 1PCS and flat vibration motor 1027 Composition；Flat vibration motor is used for producing vibration source；Vibrating sensor module directly connects with testee rigidity Being connected together, when testee occurs vibration, vibrating sensor module is moved together with testee, quilt The oscillation intensity surveying object is the fastest, and the voltage of vibrating sensor module output is the highest, i.e. output voltage and vibration Intensity is directly proportional；Vibrating sensor module output voltage signal and arm processor unit A/D sampling channel Connect；The size of oscillation intensity can be observed by touch screen；

Described temperature detecting unit is mainly made up of platinum resistance thermometer sensor, PT1000 and temperature transmitter SBWZ-2860； Platinum resistance thermometer sensor, PT1000 its resistance when 0 is 1000 ohm, and its resistance can form at the uniform velocity along with temperature rises Increase；Temperature transmitter is that variations in temperature is changed into electricity by the characteristic that the resistance utilizing platinum resistance changes with temperature Buckling, then convert through DC-isolation, obtain completely isolated with temperature sensor corresponding to measured point temperature Voltage signal；Temperature transmitter output voltage signal is with arm processor unit A/D sampling channel even Connect；Platinum resistance thermometer sensor, PT1000 uses the silver-plated three core Teflon line encapsulation of high temperature, is placed into different temperatures In liquid, observed the change of temperature by touch screen.

Described strain detecting unit is by the beam of uniform strength, resistance strain plate BF350-3AA, bend sensor mould Block BF350-3AA/1.5AA and pallet composition；Maximum (normal) stress on each cross section of the beam of uniform strength is the most equal, And all reach the allowable stress of material；When resistance strain plate produces mechanically deform under the effect of external force, Its resistance value changes accordingly；At the cantilever beam maximum normal strains such as resistance strain plate is attached to, resistance-type Foil gauge is drawn two lead-in wires and is connected with the input of bend sensor module；Bend sensor module will strain The flexural deformation of sheet is converted into the voltage analog of 0～5V；Bend sensor module output voltage signal with Arm processor unit A/D sampling channel connects；Pallet such as is suspended at the one end of cantilever beam, to torr during test Place the counterweight of different size in dish, observed the change of strain by touch screen；

Described pressure sensing cell is mainly by 10kg resistance strain type pressure sensor CZL-A and HX711 Module forms；Resistance strain type pressure sensor be by elastomer and resistance strain plate (model: BF1K-3AA) composition；Elastomer produces elastic deformation under external force, makes to be pasted onto the resistance on its surface Formula foil gauge is also in company with being deformed, and after resistance strain plate deformation, its resistance will occur respective change； The output signal of resistance strain type pressure sensor is connected with HX711 module input by holding wire；Described The change of resistance strain type pressure sensor resistance is converted to the signal of telecommunication by HX711 module, and is turned by the signal of telecommunication Change corresponding digital signal output into；The digital signal of HX711 module output and the I/O of arm processor unit Pin connects；The counterweight of different size is placed above at resistance strain type pressure sensor, by touching during test Touch screen and observe the change of pressure；

Described displacement detecting unit is mainly made up of ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor module HC-SR04, and it uses Ultrasonic echo range measurement principle, uses accurate time difference measurement technology, detects ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor module And the distance between object, described ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor module sends the square wave of 8 40kHz automatically, Automatically detected whether that signal returns, had signal to return then one high level of output, the persistent period of high level It is exactly that ultrasound wave is from the time being transmitted into return；Sound ranging sensor assembly outfan and arm processor list The I/O pin of unit connects, and for calculating the persistent period of high level, and calculates displacement, test displacement=(high The level time * velocity of sound)/2 (velocity of sound=340m/ second, the velocity of sound is also velocity of sound, and the velocity of sound in air is 1 standard The 340m/ second it is about) under conditions of atmospheric pressure and 15 DEG C；Student can be blocked ultrasonic ranging by baffle plate and be sensed Device also moves horizontally baffle plate, is observed the change of displacement by touch screen；

Described rotation speed detection unit is mainly by slot optical coupling sensor ITR9608, code-disc, direct current generator and direct current Machine governor CCMHCW forms；When slot optical coupling sensor narrow slot centre is unobstructed, receive pipe conducting, Slot optical coupling transducers output low-level, when blocking in the middle of narrow slot, slot optical coupling sensor output high level； Code-disc is uniformly divided into 20 sector regions, and wherein 10 sector regions are transparent, and 10 sector regions are in the light, Transparent and sector region interval of being in the light is arranged；Code-disc is fixed in the rotating shaft of direct current generator；Direct current generator drives Code-disc rotates in the narrow slot of slot optical coupling sensor；Code-disc rotates 1 week slot optical coupling sensor and exports 10 High level signal；The output signal of slot optical coupling sensor is connected with the I/O pin of arm processor unit, The rotating speed of direct current generator is calculated by receiving the number of times of high level in the unit of account time；Direct current generator is adjusted Speed its external speed governing knob of device, it makes the average current power in load by the dutycycle changing output square wave Change from 0～100%, be used for changing motor speed；Rotate speed governing knob during test and change turning of direct current generator Speed, observes the change of rotating speed by touch screen；

Described arm processor unit, it selects STM32F103C8T6 chip as main control MCU, uses In the analog quantity that actual training device is transmitted by A/D module converter become digital quantity go forward side by side row number filter, pass through 485 communication modules are followed " MODBUS " communications protocol and are carried out communication with MCGS touch screen；

Described 485 communication modules are made up of RS485 communication chip SP3485EN and peripheral circuit, and being used for will The same sub-signal that main control MCU produces is converted into differential signal and is transmitted；

Described Phototube Coupling unit, arm processor unit and 485 communication modules are all welded on one piece of PCB On circuit board.

Described touch screen is MCGS touch screen, and model is TPC7062TX, enters through in touch screen The mechanical engineering test application software of MCGSE configuration environment establishment, mechanical engineering test inspection software can root According to prior art program, content include by actual training device detect obtain static torque, oscillation intensity, temperature The data such as degree, strain, pressure, displacement and motor speed and the real-time display of corresponding chart, can this simultaneously Check the operation principle of used sensor, structure, characteristic；

Described power module is made up of Switching Power Supply, and to be converted into a road 24V straight by stable for mains supply forever Stream voltage and the DC voltage of a road 5V, wherein 24V DC voltage is used for as MCGS touch screen and direct current Machine governor is powered, and 5V direct current electric industry is powered for embedded microprocessor and various sensor assembly.

Claims (1)

1. a Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering laboratory table, it is characterised in that include actual training device, ARM process Device unit, 485 communication modules, MCGS touch screen and power module；

Described actual training device includes torque detecting unit, vibration detecting unit, temperature detecting unit, strain inspection Survey unit, pressure sensing cell, displacement detecting unit and rotation speed detection unit；

Described torque detecting unit includes torque sensor and signal transmitting device；Described torque sensor is according to electricity The deformation that resistance stress change principle produces lower for the effect of torsional moment foil gauge is converted into the electricity linear with it Signal, the signal of telecommunication of described torque sensor output is connected with the input of signal transmitting device by holding wire； Torque sensor output signal is carried out accurate amplification by described signal transmitting device, and mechanical quantity is converted into 0～5V Voltage signal exports；Described signal transmitting device output signal is with arm processor unit A/D sampling channel even Connect；

Described vibration detecting unit is by including vibrating sensor module and flat vibration motor；Described flat vibrating Motor is used for producing vibration source；Described vibrating sensor module is directly rigidly connected with testee. When testee occurs vibration, vibrating sensor module is moved together with testee, shaking of testee Fatigue resistance is the biggest, and the voltage of vibrating sensor output is the highest, i.e. output voltage is directly proportional to oscillation intensity；Institute State vibrating sensor module output voltage signal to be connected with arm processor unit A/D sampling channel；

Described temperature detecting unit includes platinum resistance thermometer sensor, PT1000 and temperature transmitter；Described temperature transmitter profit Variations in temperature is changed into change in voltage by the characteristic changed with temperature by the resistance of platinum resistance thermometer sensor, then is believed by voltage Number convert through DC-isolation, obtain completely isolated with temperature sensor corresponding to measured point temperature electricity Pressure signal；Described temperature transmitter output voltage signal is connected with arm processor unit A/D sampling channel；

Described strain detecting unit includes the beam of uniform strength, resistance strain plate and bend sensor module；Described Resistance strain plate is attached at beam of uniform strength maximum normal strain, and resistance strain plate produces under the effect of external force During raw mechanically deform, its resistance value changes accordingly；Described resistance strain plate draw two lead-in wire with The input of bend sensor module connects；The bending of resistance strain plate is become by described bend sensor module Shape is converted into the voltage analog of 0～5V；Described bend sensor module output voltage signal and ARM process Device unit A/D sampling channel connects；

Described pressure sensing cell includes resistance strain type pressure sensor and HX711 module；Described resistance should Variant pressure transducer includes elastomer and resistance strain plate；Surface of elastomer is provided with resistance strain plate； Described elastomer produces elastic deformation under external force, make to be pasted onto the resistance strain plate on its surface also with With being deformed, after resistance strain plate deformation, its resistance will occur respective change；Described resistance-strain The output signal of formula pressure transducer is connected with HX711 module input by holding wire；Described HX711 The change of resistance strain type pressure sensor resistance is converted to the signal of telecommunication by module, and converts the electrical signal to phase Digital signal is answered to export；The digital signal of described HX711 module output and the I/O of arm processor unit Pin connects；

Described displacement detecting unit is made up of ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor module；Ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor module Use ultrasonic echo range measurement principle, the distance between detection ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor module and object； Described ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor module sends the square wave of 8 40kHz automatically, has automatically detected whether signal Returning, have signal to return then one high level of output, the persistent period of high level is exactly that ultrasound wave is from being transmitted into The time returned, described sound ranging sensor assembly outfan connects with the I/O pin of arm processor unit Connect, for calculating the persistent period of high level, thus calculate displacement；

Described rotation speed detection unit includes slot optical coupling sensor, code-disc, direct current generator and DC motor speed-regulating Device；When described slot optical coupling sensor narrow slot centre is unobstructed, module output low level, there is screening in the middle of narrow slot During gear, module output high level；Described code-disc is uniformly divided into 20 sector regions, wherein 10 fan sections Territory is transparent, and 10 sector regions are in the light, and sector region interval that is transparent and that be in the light is arranged；Described code-disc is fixed In the rotating shaft of direct current generator；Described direct current generator drives code-disc to rotate in the narrow slot of slot optical coupling sensor； Described code-disc rotate a circle slot optical coupling sensor output 10 high level signals；Described slot optical coupling sensor Output signal be connected with the I/O pin of arm processor unit, by receiving height in the unit of account time The number of times of level calculates the rotating speed of direct current generator；Its external speed governing knob of described DC motor speed-regulating device, its Make the average current power in load change from 0～100% by the dutycycle changing output square wave, be used for changing Motor speed；

Described arm processor unit, it selects STM32 chip as main control MCU, is used for filling real training Putting the analog quantity of transmission becomes digital quantity row number of going forward side by side to filter, by 485 communication moulds by A/D module converter Block is followed " MODBUS " communications protocol and is carried out communication with MCGS touch screen；

Described 485 communication modules are made up of RS485 communication chip and peripheral circuit, for by main control MCU The same sub-signal produced is converted into differential signal and is transmitted；

Described arm processor unit and 485 communication modules are all welded in one piece of PCB；

Described touch screen is MCGS touch screen；

Described power module is made up of Switching Power Supply, for mains supply is converted into a road 24V DC voltage With the DC voltage of a road 5V, wherein 24V DC voltage is for adjusting for MCGS touch screen and direct current generator Speed device is powered, and 5V DC voltage is for powering to embedded microprocessor and various sensor assembly.