CN106706955A - Wind speed measuring instrument and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Wind speed measuring instrument and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106706955A CN106706955A CN201611067410.3A CN201611067410A CN106706955A CN 106706955 A CN106706955 A CN 106706955A CN 201611067410 A CN201611067410 A CN 201611067410A CN 106706955 A CN106706955 A CN 106706955A
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- friction
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- electrode board
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/02—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer
- G01P5/06—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer using rotation of vanes
- G01P5/07—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer using rotation of vanes with electrical coupling to the indicating device
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a wind speed measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof. The wind speed measuring instrument comprises a base and a bracket rotationally installed on the base. A wind cup is fixedly installed on the bracket. The wind speed measuring instrument further comprises a friction power generation sensor. The friction power generation sensor comprises a moving friction component and a fixed friction component which are arranged oppositely. The moving friction component is composed of a support rod, a friction head and a friction film, wherein the friction film is an electronic material film. The fixed friction component is composed of a first metal electrode plate, a first partition plate, a second metal electrode plate and a second partition plate fixed together and stacked in turn. The first metal electrode plate and the second metal electrode plate are respectively connected with the two input terminals of a voltage regulator circuit. The output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit is connected with the signal input terminal of a single-chip microcomputer. The display terminal group of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with a display. Based on the principle of friction power generation, the invention designs a wind speed measuring instrument having the advantages of high precision, fast response, simple structure and low cost, and provides a measuring method thereof.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to anemometry field, more particularly to a kind of air speed measuring apparatus and its measuring method.
Background technology
Airspeedometer currently used in the market includes vane airspeedometer, propeller anemometer, hot wire anemometer and numeral
Formula airspeedometer etc..
Vane airspeedometer is a kind of most common airspeedometer.Rotary-cup type airspeedometer is invented by Britain Shandong grandson guest earliest, at that time
It is four glasss, used three glasss instead later.Three are mutually 120 degree of parabolicals being fixed on frame or hemispheric empty cup all along one side, whole
Individual shelf is together with vane on an axle that can freely rotate.Vane is pivoted under the action of the forces of the wind, and its rotating speed is just
Than in wind speed.Rotating speed can use the record such as electric contact, tachometer generator or photoelectric counter.
Propeller anemometer is the airspeedometer that one group of three leaf or four-blade propeller rotate around trunnion axis.Propeller is mounted in one
The front portion of individual weathercock, makes its Plane of rotation just coming to its rotating speed is proportional to wind speed to wind all the time.
Above-mentioned various air speed measuring apparatus, it is common to use be need power consumption air velocity transducer, this has been resulted in necessarily
Energy resource consumption increase, secondly the response time of some sensors is slow, and precision is not also high, and requires high accuracy, phase dutiable value
Also can it is expensive a lot.Also some air speed measuring apparatus, structure designs relative complex in itself, makes time-consuming.
The content of the invention
In view of at least one defect of wind speed meter in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of air speed measuring apparatus
And its measuring method, with reference to a kind of high precision of principle design of triboelectricity, the response time is fast, and simple structure, cheap
Air speed measuring apparatus, and provide its measuring method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of air speed measuring apparatus, including pedestal, the support being rotatably mounted on pedestal, wind is installed with the support
Cup, it is critical only that：Also include triboelectricity sensor, the triboelectricity sensor includes the activity friction of mutual CONTACT WITH FRICTION
Component and fixed inductive component；
Movable friction component includes support bar, friction head, friction film, and the upper end of support bar is fixed on support, and lower end is solid
Surely be provided with friction head, the surface of friction head is provided with friction film, the friction film for electronic material film；
Fixed inductive component includes the first metal electrode board, the first dividing plate, the second gold medal that are fixed together and stack successively
Category battery lead plate, second partition, fixed inductive component are fixed on pedestal upper surface, wherein the first metal electrode board is located at friction film
In radius of turn；
First metal electrode board, the second metal electrode board connect two inputs of mu balanced circuit respectively, described steady
The output end of volt circuit connects the signal input part of single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer is additionally provided with display end group, and the display end group is connected with
Display.
The present invention is a kind of air speed measuring apparatus based on newest triboelectricity technological development, friction head can by bonding or
Other manner is fixed on the lower end of support bar, and friction film can fix the surface for being attached to friction head by bonding or other manner,
First metal electrode board, the first dividing plate, the second metal electrode board, second partition can be overlapped by bonding or clamping or other manner
Together and it is fixed on pedestal, the first metal electrode board is contacted towards friction film and with friction film, second partition and pedestal
Upper surface.
Because the friction film of movable friction component is rotated by support, often rotate a circle and the first metal electrode board friction
Once.Due to frictional electricity, just can be therebetween if the first metal electrode board is connected into the second metal electrode board through resistance
One pulse voltage of output.Single line is drawn respectively in the first metal electrode board, the second metal electrode board, connects mu balanced circuit,
Single-chip microcomputer, the interval time T of continuous two pulses of monolithic machine testing, friction of rejoining are inputed to after recycling mu balanced circuit voltage stabilizing
Radius R of the contact point of film and the first metal electrode board to the pivot of support, you can calculate wind speed, entered by display
Row display, simple structure of the present invention, sensitivity is high, is easy to be widely popularized and application.
The mu balanced circuit includes integrated transporting discharging, and first metal electrode board connects the second metal electrode through resistance R3
Plate, resistance R3 is also parallel with electric capacity C4, and first metal electrode board is also connected with the in-phase input end of integrated transporting discharging, described second
Metal electrode board is also connected with the inverting input of integrated transporting discharging, and the output end of integrated transporting discharging connects the signal of single-chip microcomputer through resistance R4
Input.
Because triboelectricity sensor can cause list because of the different voltages for producing height not wait of frictional force, brownout
Piece machine cannot receive trigger signal, and overtension can burn single-chip microcomputer internal circuit, the output voltage of triboelectricity sensor
Single-chip microcomputer is reconnected after integrated transporting discharging, when brownout, the sensitivity of triboelectricity sensor can be improved, work as overtension
When, single-chip microcomputer can be protected, because single-chip microcomputer output voltage constant.
Electric capacity C4 is used to carry out smothing filtering to the Abrasive voltage signal that the first metal electrode board and friction film are produced, and is formed
Compare neat rectangular pulse signal.
The friction head is semi-cylindrical, and the circular arc of friction head faces down, and attaches the friction film.
Make friction film contact with the first metal polar plate good using said structure, the friction head of semi-cylindrical is easy to friction
Incision of head when rub with the first metal electrode board with cut out, it is to avoid touch and rush, raising service life is easy to process, friction head
The opposite face of arc surface is fixed on the lower end of support bar by bonding way.
The support bar material is acrylic, and the material of the friction head is sponge.
Support bar can mitigate weight and the insulation of air speed measuring apparatus using acrylic, and friction head has bullet using sponge
Property, the abrasion of friction film can be mitigated, improve service life.
The upper surface of first metal electrode board is fixedly installed hemispherical protuberances array.
Hemispherical protuberances array can increase contact effect of first metal electrode board with friction film.
Described electronic material film PTFE film fep film PET film PDMS films or
Parylene F films or Kapton films；
First metal electrode board, the second metal electrode board are copper sheet；First dividing plate, second partition are acrylic
Plate.
Kapton films are the trade names of polyimides (PI) thin-film material.Parylene films are parylene films,
PDMS films are polydimethylsiloxanefilm films；PET film is pet film；Fep film is ethylene fluoride third
Alkene copolymer film；PTFE film is polytetrafluoroethylene film.
Above-mentioned material is cheap, is readily obtained.
A kind of measuring method of air speed measuring apparatus, for described air speed measuring apparatus, it is it is critical that including following step
Suddenly：
Step a:Obtain the n-th triggered time T1 of triboelectricity sensor；
Step b:Obtain the N+1 times triggered time T2 of triboelectricity sensor；
Step c:Calculate the n-th of triboelectricity sensor and triggered time the interval T, T=T2-T1 of the N+1 times；
Step d:Calculation of wind speed V, V=2 π R/T, wherein R are friction film and the first metal electrode board contact point around support shaft
The radius of heart rotation；
Step e:Wind speed V is shown by display.
The time T of trigger interval twice that single-chip microcomputer passes through continuous detection triboelectricity sensor, with reference to friction film and first
The radius of turn of the contact point of metal electrode board can easily calculate wind speed V, constantly repeat above-mentioned measuring method, can be right
Wind speed is continuously measured.
When external wind blows vane drives support to rotate, now the friction film on triboelectricity sensor is rotated immediately,
Every revolution, friction film will separate once with the first metal electrode being fixed on pedestal, so as to produce a pulse
Level signal, is connected between the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode using resistance, just can be in resistance two ends output voltage arteries and veins
Signal is rushed, then reads two neighboring voltage pulse signal interval time T, interval time T is the time that vane rotation is turned around
T, using linear velocity formulaWherein R is that friction film and the first metal electrode board contact point rotate around support axle center
Radius, just can obtain corresponding linear velocity V i.e. wind speed, then show by display circuit.Innovative point of the present invention is to rub
Generating Sensor Design simple structure is wiped, triboelectricity sensor is completely without external power supply, and master-plan is simple, rings
Fast between seasonable, overall price is also very cheap.
The mu balanced circuit, single-chip microcomputer, display are battery-powered or are powered after potential device transformation by AC power.
Battery is powered can save potential device, and being powered through potential device using AC power can remove replacing battery or charging from
Worry, can select as needed.
Remarkable result：The invention provides a kind of air speed measuring apparatus and its measuring method, set with reference to the principle of triboelectricity
A kind of high precision is counted, the response time is fast, and simple structure, cheap air speed measuring apparatus, and there is provided its measurement side
Method.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structure chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the A portions enlarged drawing of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the explosive view of Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is circuit module figure of the invention.
Fig. 5 is circuit diagram of the invention.
Fig. 6 is flow chart of the method for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, a kind of air speed measuring apparatus, including pedestal 1, it is rotatably mounted on pedestal
Support 2 on 1, is installed with vane 3 on the support 2, also including triboelectricity sensor 4, the triboelectricity sensor 4
Movable friction component 41 and fixed inductive component 42 including mutual CONTACT WITH FRICTION；
Movable friction component 41 includes support bar 41a, friction head 41b, friction film 41c, and the upper end of support bar 41a is fixed on
On support 2, lower end is fixedly installed friction head 41b, and the surface of friction head 41b is provided with friction film 41c, the friction film 41c
To obtain electronic material film；
Fixed inductive component 42 includes the first metal electrode board 42a, the first dividing plate that are fixed together and stack successively
42b, the second metal electrode board 42c, second partition 42d, fixed inductive component 42 are fixed on the upper surface of pedestal 1, wherein the first gold medal
Category battery lead plate 42a is located in the radius of turn of friction film 41c；
The first metal electrode board 42a, the second metal electrode board 42c connect two inputs of mu balanced circuit 5 respectively,
The output end of the mu balanced circuit 5 connects the signal input part of single-chip microcomputer 6, and single-chip microcomputer 6 is additionally provided with display end group, the display end
Group is connected with display 7.
Friction head 41b can be fixed on the lower end of support bar 41a by bonding or other manner, and friction film 41c can be by viscous
Connect or other manner fixes the surface for being attached to friction head 41b, the first metal electrode board 42a, the first dividing plate 42b, the second metal
Battery lead plate 42c, second partition 42d can be superimposed together by bonding or clamping or other manner and be fixed on the upper table of pedestal 1
Face, the first metal electrode board 42a is contacted towards friction film 41c and with friction film 41c, the upper surface of second partition 42d and pedestal 1
Contact.
Because the friction film 41c of movable friction component 41 is rotated by support 2, often rotate a circle and the first metal electrode
Plate 42a rubs once.Due to triboelectricity, if the first metal electrode board 42a is connected into the second metal electrode board through resistance R3
42c just can therebetween export a pulse voltage.Draw respectively in the first metal electrode board 42a, the second metal electrode board 42c
Go out single line, connect mu balanced circuit 5, single-chip microcomputer 6 is inputed to after recycling the voltage stabilizing of mu balanced circuit 5, single-chip microcomputer 6 detects continuous two
The contact point of the interval time T of pulse voltage, the friction film 41c and the first metal electrode board 42a that rejoins is in the rotation of support 2
The radius R of the heart, you can calculate wind speed V, is shown, simple structure of the present invention, sensitivity is high by display 7, is easy to wide
General popularization and application.
The mu balanced circuit 5 includes integrated transporting discharging, and the first metal electrode board 42a connects the second metal electricity through resistance R3
Pole plate 42c, resistance R3 are also parallel with electric capacity C4, the first metal electrode board 42a and are also connected with the in-phase input end of integrated transporting discharging,
The second metal electrode board 42c is also connected with the inverting input of integrated transporting discharging, and the output end of integrated transporting discharging is connected through resistance R4
The signal input part of single-chip microcomputer 6.
Electric capacity C4 is used to carry out the Abrasive voltage signal that the first metal electrode board 42a and friction film 41c is produced smooth filter
Ripple, forms more neat rectangular pulse signal.
Because triboelectricity sensor 4 be able to can cause because of the different voltages for producing height not wait of frictional force, brownout
Single-chip microcomputer 6 cannot receive trigger signal, and overtension can burn the internal circuit of single-chip microcomputer 6, the output of triboelectricity sensor 4
Voltage reconnects single-chip microcomputer 6 after integrated transporting discharging, when voltage is relatively low, the sensitivity of triboelectricity sensor 4 can be improved, in electricity
When pressure is higher, single-chip microcomputer 6 can be protected, because the output end voltage constant of amplifier.
The friction head 41b is semi-cylindrical, and the circular arc of friction head 41b faces down, and attaches the friction film 41c.
Make friction film 41c contacts with the first metal polar plate good using said structure, the friction head 41b of semi-cylindrical is just
Incision when being contacted with the first metal electrode board 42a with cut out, it is to avoid touch and rush, improve service life, be easy to processing, friction head
The opposing end surface of the arc surface of 41b is bonded in the lower end of support bar 41a.
The support bar 41a materials are acrylic, and the material of the friction head 41b is sponge.
Support bar 41a can mitigate weight and the insulation of air speed measuring apparatus using acrylic, and friction head 41b is had using sponge
It is flexible, the abrasion of friction film 41c can be mitigated, improve service life.
The upper surface of the first metal electrode board 42a is fixedly installed hemispherical protuberances array.
Hemispherical protuberances array can increase the first metal electrode board 42a effects of the contact with friction film 41c.
Described electronic material film PTFE film fep film PET film PDMS films or
Parylene F films or Kapton films；
The first metal electrode board 42a, the second metal electrode board 42c are copper sheet；First dividing plate 42b, second partition
42d is acrylic board.
Kapton films are the trade names of polyimides (PI) thin-film material.Parylene films are parylene films,
PDMS films are polydimethylsiloxanefilm films；PET film is pet film；Fep film is ethylene fluoride third
Alkene copolymer film；PTFE film is polytetrafluoroethylene film.
Above-mentioned material is cheap, is readily obtained.
A kind of measuring method of air speed measuring apparatus, for described air speed measuring apparatus, comprises the following steps：
Step a:Obtain the n-th triggered time T1 of triboelectricity sensor 4；
Step b:Obtain the N+1 times triggered time T2 of triboelectricity sensor 4；
Step c:Calculate the n-th of triboelectricity sensor 4 and triggered time the interval T, T=T2-T1 of the N+1 times；
Step d:Calculation of wind speed V, V=2 π R/T, wherein R be friction film 41c and the first metal electrode board 42a contact points around
The radius of the axle center of support 2 rotation；
Step e:Wind speed V is shown by display 7.
Single-chip microcomputer by detecting triggered time twice of triboelectricity sensor 4 every T, in conjunction with being friction film 41c and
One metal electrode board 42a contact points just can easily calculate wind speed V around the radius that the axle center of support 2 rotates, and repeat above-mentioned measurement side
Method, can continuously be measured wind speed V.
When external wind blows vane 3 drives support 2 to rotate, now the friction film 41c on triboelectricity sensor 4 is immediately
Rotate, every revolution, friction film 41c will separate once with the first metal electrode 42a being fixed on pedestal 1, so that
An impulse level signal is produced, is connected between the first metal electrode 42a and the second metal electrode 42c using resistance, just can be
Resistance two ends output voltage pulse signal, then the interval time T of two neighboring pulse voltage signal is read, the interval time, T was
It is that vane 3 revolves the time T for turning around, using linear velocity formulaWherein R is friction film 41c and the first metal electrode
The radius that plate 42a contact points rotate around the axle center of support 2, just can obtain corresponding linear velocity V i.e. wind speed, then by display
Circuit shows.Innovative point of the present invention is that the design structure of triboelectricity sensor 4 is passive, and triboelectricity sensor 4 is not required to completely
External power supply is wanted, and master-plan is simple, and the response time is fast, and overall price is also very cheap.
The mu balanced circuit 5, single-chip microcomputer 6, display 7 are battery-powered or are supplied after potential device transformation by AC power
Electricity.
Battery is powered can save potential device, and being powered through potential device using AC power can remove replacing battery or charging from
Worry, can select as needed.
The invention provides a kind of air speed measuring apparatus and its measuring method, by the principle design one for combining triboelectricity
High precision is planted, the response time is fast, and simple structure, cheap air speed measuring apparatus, and there is provided its measuring method.
Finally it should be noted that be：Listed above is only specific implementation example of the invention, the technology of certain this area
Personnel can be modified and modification to the present invention, if these modifications and modification belong to the claims in the present invention and its equivalent skill
Within the scope of art, protection scope of the present invention is considered as.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of air speed measuring apparatus, including pedestal (1), the support (2) being rotatably mounted on pedestal (1), it is solid on the support (2)
Dingan County is equipped with vane (3), it is characterised in that：Also include triboelectricity sensor (4), the triboelectricity sensor (4) is including phase
The movable friction component (41) of mutual friction contact and fixed inductive component (42)；
Movable friction component (41) includes support bar (41a), friction head (41b), friction film (41c), the upper end of support bar (41a)
It is fixed on support (2), lower end is fixedly installed friction head (41b), the surface of friction head (41b) is provided with friction film (41c),
The friction film (41c) for electronic material film；
The first metal electrode board (42a), the first dividing plate inductive component (42) fixed including being fixed together and is stacked successively
(42b), the second metal electrode board (42c), second partition (42d), fixed inductive component (42) are fixed on pedestal (1) upper surface,
Wherein the first metal electrode board (42a) is located in the radius of turn of friction film (41c)；
First metal electrode board (42a), the second metal electrode board (42c) connect two inputs of mu balanced circuit (5) respectively
End, the signal input part of output end connection single-chip microcomputer (6) of the mu balanced circuit (5), single-chip microcomputer (6) is additionally provided with display end
Group, the display end group is connected with display (7).
2. air speed measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The mu balanced circuit (5) includes integrated transporting discharging, institute
State the first metal electrode board (42a) and connect the second metal electrode board (42c) through resistance R3, resistance R3 is also parallel with electric capacity C4, institute
The in-phase input end that the first metal electrode board (42a) is also connected with integrated transporting discharging is stated, second metal electrode board (42c) is also connected with
The inverting input of integrated transporting discharging, the output end of integrated transporting discharging connects the signal input part of single-chip microcomputer (6) through resistance R4.
3. air speed measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The friction head (41b) is semi-cylindrical, friction
The circular arc of head (41b) faces down, and attaches the friction film (41c).
4. air speed measuring apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Support bar (41a) material is acrylic, institute
The material for stating friction head (41b) is sponge.
5. air speed measuring apparatus according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The upper table of first metal electrode board (42a)
Face is fixedly installed hemispherical protuberances array.
6. air speed measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described electronic material film or PTFE film or
It is fep film PET film PDMS films Parylene F films or Kapton films；
First metal electrode board (42a), the second metal electrode board (42c) are copper sheet；First dividing plate (42b), second every
Plate (42d) is acrylic board.
7. a kind of measuring method of air speed measuring apparatus, for the air speed measuring apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterised in that including
Following steps：
Step a:Obtain the n-th triggered time T1 of triboelectricity sensor (4)；
Step b:Obtain the N+1 times triggered time T2 of triboelectricity sensor (4)；
Step c:Calculate the n-th of triboelectricity sensor (4) and triggered time the interval T, T=T2-T1 of the N+1 times；
Step d:Calculation of wind speed V, V=2 π R/T, wherein R be friction film (41c) with the first metal electrode board (42a) contact point around
The radius of support (2) axle center rotation.
Step e:Wind speed V is shown by display (7).
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109682989A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 大连民族大学 | Agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer is driven certainly based on friction nanometer power generator |
| CN109861579A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-06-07 | 大连民族大学 | From the raw method for electrically of the agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer nano friction of driving |
| CN110231495A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-13 | 清华大学 | Self energizing wind speed measuring device |
| CN112945315A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-11 | 大连海事大学 | Ship exhaust gas flow monitoring device based on rotation type friction nano generator |
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