CN106706621A - Method for detecting inherent error of ammonia volatilization of farmland by in-situ synchronous correction static chamber method - Google Patents
Method for detecting inherent error of ammonia volatilization of farmland by in-situ synchronous correction static chamber method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the inherent error of ammonia volatilization of a farmland by an in-situ synchronous correction static chamber method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing ammonia solutions with different concentrations by adopting an ammonium sulfate reagent, and putting the ammonia solutions in farmlands with crispers to serve as different simulated ammonia volatilization sources with different volatilization strengths; respectively putting the simulated ammonia volatilization sources in a farmland natural environment and a static chamber method detection device to simulate actual ammonia volatilization and ammonia volatilization in the device, synchronously detecting the simulated ammonia volatilization source and ammonia volatilization of farmland at the same time interval, adding sodium carbonate into the simulated ammonia volatilization source to start ammonia volatilization, and terminating the ammonia volatilization process with a diluted sulfuric acid solution when the stage ammonia volatilization is completed; calculating the volatilizing speed of the simulated ammonia volatilization source and farmland volatilization after sampling is completed, preparing a correction curve by the ratio of ammonia volatilization speed at two environments and the ammonia volatilizing speed in the static chamber method detection device, and acquiring the farmland ammonia volatilizing speed with corrected environmental disturbance inherent error through the correction curve. According to the method, the inherent detection error caused by static chamber method sampling device disturbing natural environment can be greatly reduced.
Description
First, technical field：
The present invention relates to a kind of static box method of measure farmland ammonia volatilization, and in particular to a kind of in-situ synchronization correction is static
The method that box method determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error.
2nd, background technology：
Farmland ammonia volatilization assay method is broadly divided into two kinds of microclimate method and box method.Microclimate method is in farmland upper air
In directly sample, do not change natural environment, therefore do not interfere ammonia volatilization process, measurement result true and accurate is Quantitative Monitoring agriculture
The method for optimizing of field ammonia volatilization；But microclimate method generally requires the flat trial zone of larger and physical features, and needs complicated, expensive
Determining instrument, so as to limit the application of microclimate method.Box method principle is simple, determines device and easily makes, with low cost,
Convenient application, mobility is good, field can multiple spot determine simultaneously, be to determine farmland ammonia volatilization most common method.It is wherein static
Box method is most widely used box method, but the distinct disadvantage that static box method is present is：Sampling apparatus changes nature ring
Border, ammonia density gradient in device, barometric gradient, turbulence pulsation and gas flowing is entirely different with natural conditions, and measure is
Ammonia volatilization under air-tight state, result of study is substantially qualitatively.
3rd, the content of the invention：
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：The intrinsic mistake that farmland ammonia volatilization is present is determined for existing static box method
A kind of difference, there is provided in-situ synchronization bearing calibration suitable for farmland, i.e., a kind of static box method of in-situ synchronization correction determines farmland
The method of ammonia volatilization constant error.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is adopted the technical scheme that：
The present invention provides a kind of method that static box method of in-situ synchronization correction determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error, described
Assay method is comprised the following steps：
A, the ammonium sulfate that various concentrations are prepared into using sulfuric acid ammonium reagent, the ammonium sulfate of every kind of concentration are prepared
Into many parts of isometric ammonium sulfates；
B, by prepare all ammonium sulfates be placed in circular crisper, for prepare it is different volatilization intensity simulation ammonia
Volatile source；The circular crisper that ammonium sulfate will be filled is put into farmland, and crisper plane of the opening is above the ground level, used as simulation ammonia
Volatile source；
C, every kind of concentration, many parts of isometric ammonium sulfates are divided equally into two groups respectively, one of which be placed in farmland from
To simulate actual ammonia volatilization, another group of simulation ammonia volatilization source is placed in static box method and determines in device with analogue means right environment
Ammonia volatilization；Sodium carbonate liquor is added simultaneously in all of simulation ammonia volatilization source, starts ammonia volatilization process；Static box method dress
Putting and sampled with static box method immediately after add sodium carbonate liquor in interior simulation ammonia volatilization source, while immediately with static box method dress
Put measure farmland ammonia volatilization；
At the end of d, stage sample, added simultaneously in all simulation ammonia volatilization sources in equivalent and sodium carbonate liquor dilute sulfuric acid
Solution, to terminate ammonia volatilization process；
E, determined using indophenol blue colorimetry ammonia volatilization start before, terminate after simulate ammonium ion total amount in ammonia volatilization source, obtain
The ammonia volatilization speed in different volatilization strength simulation ammonia volatilization sources in device is determined to farmland natural environment, static box method, with two
The ratio of ammonia volatilization speed determines ammonia volatilization speed in device and prepares calibration curve with static box method under kind environment；
F, the farmland volatilization ammonia total amount gathered with period static chamber formula method using indophenol blue colorimetry measure, calculate farmland
Ammonia volatilization speed, obtains correcting the farmland ammonia volatilization speed of environmental perturbation constant error by calibration curve.
According to the method that the above-mentioned static box method of in-situ synchronization correction determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error, in step a
The use sulfuric acid ammonium reagent is prepared into the ammonium sulfate of various concentrations, wherein the concentration c of the ammonium sulfate prepared1For
At least one in 0.002mol/L, 0.004mol/L, 0.006mol/L, 0.008mol/L and 0.01mol/L；Every kind of concentration
Ammonium sulfate is configured to 6 parts of isometric ammonium sulfates.
According to the method that the above-mentioned static box method of in-situ synchronization correction determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error, in step b
The crisper specification for being used is 6cm high, internal diameter R than the static box small 4cm of subtraction unit internal diameter；The sulphur filled in the crisper
Acid ammonium solution volume v1=π × R2×5cm；Circular crisper is put into the weight m of weighing crisper before farmland1；
Before crisper is put into farmland, farmland ground excavation depth 5cm, internal diameter are slightly larger than the hole of crisper internal diameter, with energy
Crisper is smoothly placed to be defined；After being put into hole, crisper plane of the opening is above the ground level 1cm, to prevent debris from entering crisper
Foul solution.
According to the method that the above-mentioned static box method of in-situ synchronization correction determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error, in step c
The concentration c of the sodium carbonate liquor of the use2It is 1mol/L；The addition v of the sodium carbonate liquor2According to sulfuric acid in crisper
Ammonium salt solution volume v1And concentration c1It is determined that, computing formula is
According to the method that the above-mentioned static box method of in-situ synchronization correction determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error, in step d
The concentration c of the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of the use3It is 1mol/L；The addition v of the dilution heat of sulfuric acid3According to added in crisper
Sodium carbonate liquor volume v2And concentration c2It is determined that, computing formula is
According to the method that the above-mentioned static box method of in-situ synchronization correction determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error, in step d
The sampling period of the stage sampling is 12 hours, and sampling period separation is the morning 6:00 and afternoon 6:00.
According to the method that the above-mentioned static box method of in-situ synchronization correction determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error, step e's
Specific operation process is：Sampling weighs the weight m of each crisper+solution after terminating2, obtain sampling and terminate rear solution weight m3
=m2- m1, sampling terminates rear solution quality density and is approximately considered as 1g/mL, and sampling terminates rear liquor capacityUsing
Ammonium concentration c in ammonium sulfate before indophenol blue colorimetry measure ammonia volatilization starts, after startup1、c4, simulation volatile source ammonium from
Son volatilization total amount M1=c1×v1- c4×v4； T is the sampling period in stage,
H1It is crisper aperture area；Farmland natural environment, static box method determine the ammonia volatilization speed in simulation ammonia volatilization source in device
It is respectively defined as Ax、Bx, x is numbered for ammonium salt solution concentration, with correction coefficientIt is y-axis, BxFor x-axis prepares calibration curve.
The AxAnd BxAccording to above-mentionedFormula calculated.
According to the method that the above-mentioned static box method of in-situ synchronization correction determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error, step f's
Specific operation process is：The volume gathered with period static chamber formula subtraction unit is v5Farmland volatilization ammonia using conventional leaching liquor
Extraction, then using ammonium concentration c in conventional determining method (present invention uses indophenol blue colorimetry) measure leaching liquor5, agriculture
Field ammonia volatilization speedT is sampling period in stage, H2It is static box subtraction unit cross-sectional area, according to the school for preparing
Positive curve calculates Q1Correspondence correction coefficient, the farmland ammonia volatilization speed Q after correction2=α × Q1。
Positive beneficial effect of the invention：
1st, the present invention prepares simulation ammonia volatilization source using the ammonium sulfate of stable chemical nature, can avoid simulating ammonia volatilization
The error that source Ammonia valatilization in transportation is caused, starts agent, terminates using sodium carbonate liquor, dilution heat of sulfuric acid as ammonia volatilization
Agent, it is ensured that ammonia volatilization process control is adjustable；Using improved simulation ammonia volatilization source, it is embedded at below ground 5cm, closer to farmland
Ammonia volatilization environment；Ammonium sulfate 5cm depths in design simulation ammonia volatilization source, had both met farmland ammonia volatilization reality, and simulation is avoided again
Ammonium ion volatilization exhausts and causes correction error in ammonia volatilization source.
2nd, it is higher than night for ammonia volatilization significant difference inside and outside daytime static box subtraction unit, the present invention clearly defines ammonia and waves
The hair sampling interval is 12 hours, point daytime, night sampling, can more precise calibration different periods ammonia volatilization evaluated error.
3rd, the present invention simulates ammonia volatilization source and farmland ammonia volatilization using in-situ synchronization monitoring, using different volatilization strength simulations
Ammonia volatilization source, prepares standard curve and precisely corrects static box method evaluated error, and static box method sampling apparatus can be greatly reduced
The intrinsic evaluated error that disturbance natural environment is caused.
4th, illustrate：
Fig. 1 field application schematic diagrames of the present invention；
In Fig. 1：1 is ammonium sulfate, and 2 is crisper, and 3 is agricultural land soil, and 4 is static box subtraction unit.
Fig. 2 is different, and simulation ammonia volatilization source preparation method compares；
In Fig. 2：A is to prepare simulation ammonia volatilization source effect as carrier using culture dish, and B is as carrier using crisper
Prepare simulation ammonia volatilization source effect.
Ammonia volatilization RATES under the varying environment of Fig. 3 different periods simulation ammonia volatilization source.
Fig. 4 farmlands of the present invention verification the verifying results figure on the spot；
In Fig. 4：A is static box method before correction and mass balance approach measure ammonia volatilization speed regression curve, after B is for correction
Static box method determines ammonia volatilization speed regression curve with mass balance approach, and C is that static box method determines ammonia volatilization before and after correcting
Dynamic and mass balance approach comparison diagram.
5th, specific embodiment：
The present invention is expanded on further with reference to embodiments, but is not intended to limit present disclosure.
Embodiment 1：
The present embodiment experiment is the agriculture in Chinese Academy of Sciences's Fengqiu farmland ecosystem country's field science observation study station
Field is carried out.The present embodiment experiment is using two kinds of different simulation ammonia volatilization sources.
1) two kinds of preparations in different simulation ammonia volatilization sources：
Simulation ammonia volatilization Source Type one：Use ammonium sulfate preparation of reagents into concentration for the ammonium sulfate of 0.01mol/L is molten first
Liquid 100mL, is put in internal diameter 12cm, the culture dish of 2cm high weighed, and culture dish is positioned over agricultural land soil surface as simulation
Ammonia volatilization source；Same culture dish prepares 6, and 3 are placed wherein under natural environment, and static box method is determined places 3 in device
It is individual；It is each in each culture dish to add concentration to start ammonia volatilization for 1mol/L sodium carbonate liquors 2mL, after stage sampling terminates, each
It is each in culture dish to add 1mol/L sulfuric acid solutions 2mL to terminate ammonia volatilization；
Simulation ammonia volatilization Source Type two：Use ammonium sulfate preparation of reagents into concentration for the ammonium sulfate of 0.01mol/L is molten first
Liquid 500mL, is put in internal diameter 12cm, the crisper of 6cm high weighed, ground excavation depth 5cm, internal diameter about 12.5cm in farmland
Hole, crisper is placed in hole as simulation ammonia volatilization source；Same crisper simulation ammonia volatilization source prepares 6, wherein naturally
3 are placed under environment, static box method is determined places 3 in device；It is each in each crisper to add 1mol/L sodium carbonate liquors
10mL starts ammonia volatilization, each in each crisper to add 1mol/L sulfuric acid solutions 10mL to terminate ammonia volatilization after stage sampling terminates；
2) step 1) experiment that is carried out point daytime and night carry out：
When daytime is carried out, in morning 6:00 placement step 1) each simulation ammonia volatilization source for preparing, add sodium carbonate molten
Liquid starts ammonia volatilization, now determines ammonia volatilization in static box method, dusk 6 with static box method sampling apparatus immediately:00 adds
Sulfuric acid solution terminates ammonia volatilization；
When night is carried out, at dusk 6:00 placement step 1) each simulation ammonia volatilization source for preparing, add sodium carbonate molten
Liquid starts ammonia volatilization, now determines ammonia volatilization, morning 6 in static box method with static box method sampling apparatus immediately:00 adds
Sulfuric acid solution terminates ammonia volatilization；
3) after off-test, laboratory is taken back into each simulation ammonia volatilization source, culture dish is made in simulation ammonia volatilization source
Solution is transferred in 250mL volumetric flasks and ammonium concentration is measured by sampling after constant volume respectively；The simulation ammonia volatilization source that crisper makes is straight
Weighing crisper+solution weight is connect, solution quality density is approximately considered as 1g/mL, obtains liquor capacity in crisper, then directly
Ammonium concentration is measured by sampling；The concentration of the 0.01mol/L ammonium sulfates configured demarcate simultaneously before, ammonium concentration is used
Indophenol blue colorimetry is determined；The static box method for using herein is this area conventional method (referring to " such as the imperial court's brightness north winters are small
The in-site detecting of wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System soil ammonia volatilization《Acta Ecologica Sinica》, volume 2002,22 (the 3rd phase)：359-
365”)；
4) ammonia volatilization rate is calculated：
Simulation ammonia volatilization source ammonia volatilization rate N computing formula：CVolatilization、CTerminateRespectively
Ammonia volatilization starts preceding solution ammonium concentration, ammonia volatilization and terminates rear solution ammonium concentration, V in culture dish or crisperVolatilization、VTerminate
Respectively ammonia volatilization starts preceding liquor capacity, ammonia volatilization and terminates rear liquor capacity in culture dish or crisper；
5) Contrast on effect：
As shown in Figure 2, ammonia volatilization rate is about 50% at night in culture dish；Ammonia volatilization rate is less than in daytime chamber installation
Ammonia volatilization rate is close to 100% under 80%, but natural environment；Here the problem for existing is：Ammonia volatilization rate is in ammonia under natural environment
Volatilization start 12 hours after reach 100%, still on startup between just do not reached 100% up to 12 hoursIf the latter, culture
The simulation ammonia volatilization source that ware makes just underestimates the actual ammonia volatilization rate in farmland；During the reason for causing this phenomenon is probably culture dish
Solution is excessively shallow, and daylight, wind speed are greatly facilitated ammonia volatilization speed, causes the quick depletion of ammonium ion, and ammonia volatilization process is carried
Preceding termination；According to existing there are some researches show farmland ammonia volatilization is mainly relevant with 0-5cm topsoil ammonium concentrations；Therefore, this hair
Bright use 6cm deep crisper, adds 5cm depth ammonium sulfates, while crisper is placed in 5cm depth soil, more meets agriculture
Field actual conditions；And because the ammonium sulfate added in crisper is more, it is to avoid because ammonium ion exhausts cause ammonia to be waved
The phenomenon that hair process terminates in advance；As shown in Figure 2, ammonia volatilization rate is consistently lower than 80% in crisper under natural environment.
Shown by embodiment 1 and its test result：Using the crisper that 6cm is deep, 5cm depth ammonium sulfates are added to prepare mould
It is more effective method to intend ammonia volatilization source.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment compares daytime and night ammonia volatilization correction coefficient difference, tests in Chinese Academy of Sciences's Fengqiu agricultural ecological
Farmland is carried out in system country's field science observation study station.
1) it is the ammonium sulfate 500mL of 0.01mol/L into concentration to use ammonium sulfate preparation of reagents first, is put in and has weighed
Internal diameter 12cm, the crisper of 6cm high in, ground excavation depth 5cm, the hole of internal diameter about 12.5cm in farmland, crisper are placed in hole
Middle conduct simulation ammonia volatilization source；Same crisper simulation ammonia volatilization source prepares 6, and 3, static state are placed wherein under natural environment
Box method is determined places 3 in device；It is each in each crisper to add 1mol/L sodium carbonate liquors 10mL to start ammonia volatilization, stage
It is each in each crisper to add 1mol/L sulfuric acid solutions 10mL to terminate ammonia volatilization after sampling terminates；
2) experiment divides daytime and night to carry out：
When daytime is carried out, in morning 6:00 places step 1) each simulation ammonia volatilization source for preparing, add sodium carbonate liquor
Start ammonia volatilization, and immediately with ammonia volatilization, dusk 6 in the static box method of static box method sampling apparatus measure:00 adds sulfuric acid
Solution terminates ammonia volatilization；
When night is carried out, at dusk 6:00 places step 1) each simulation ammonia volatilization source for preparing, add sodium carbonate liquor
Start ammonia volatilization, and immediately with ammonia volatilization, morning 6 in the static box method of static box method sampling apparatus measure:00 adds sulfuric acid
Solution terminates ammonia volatilization；
After off-test, laboratory is taken back into each simulation ammonia volatilization source, directly weigh crisper+solution weight, solution
Mass density is approximately considered as 1g/mL, obtains the volume of solution in crisper, and then direct sample determines ammonium concentration, while
The concentration of the 0.01mol/L ammonium sulfates configured before demarcation, ammonium concentration is determined using indophenol blue colorimetry；
3) ammonia volatilization rate calculations：
Simulating ammonia volatilization source ammonia volatilization speed E computing formula is：C1、C2Respectively ammonia volatilization
Before startup, terminate after ammonium concentration, V in ammonium sulfate1、V2Ammonium sulfate body before respectively ammonia volatilization starts, after termination
Product；
4) result of the test：
Now there are some researches show wind speed, illumination are the influence topmost meteorologic factor of farmland ammonia volatilization, ammonia in static box method
Rate of volatilization and actual ammonia volatilization speed differ greatly be primarily due to ammonia volatilization in device do not receive substantially natural environment wind speed and
The influence of illumination；In most cases, farm environment wind speed on daytime is higher, and nighttime wind speed is relatively low, and has illumination daytime, and night does not have
There is illumination, it is contemplated that ammonia volatilization speed is less than daytime with the difference of actual ammonia volatilization speed in night static box method；Such as accompanying drawing 3
Shown, result of the test demonstrates this expection, and ammonia volatilization speed is about actual ammonia volatilization speed in daytime static box method
28%, ammonia volatilization speed is about the 75% of actual ammonia volatilization speed in night static box method, and daytime, static box method was significantly low
Estimate ammonia volatilization, night, static box method error was relatively small.
Shown by embodiment 2 and its test result：In farmland ammonia volatilization measure, it is small that the ammonia volatilization sampling period should be set to 12
When, point daytime, night sampling determination, especially when ammonia volatilization speed is higher.
Embodiment 3：
In farmland ammonia volatilization monitoring, micrometeorology mass balance approach is generally considered accurate ammonia volatilization measure side
Method, is commonly used for the reference method of ammonia volatilization measure.
The present embodiment determines farmland ammonia and waves simultaneously after field-crop corn topdresses using mass balance approach, static box method
Hair, while correcting static box method measurement result using technical solution of the present invention in-situ synchronization, checking test is in the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Farmland is carried out outside the farmland ecosystem country's field science observation study station of Fengqiu.
1) mass balance approach：
It is the circular trial zone of 20m that a radius is divided in farmland, high in circle experiment district center positioned vertical one
The steel pipe of 2.5m, diameter about 3cm；Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields urea 25kg/ mus and pour water immediately in circular trial zone, in circular trial zone
On the steel pipe of the heart at ground 0.4m, 0.8m, 1.2m, 1.6m, 2.0m and 2.5m height h installation quality balancing method sampler (matter
Amount balancing method sampler is referring to " Leuning R, Freney JR, Denmead OT, et al.A sampler for
measuring atmospheric ammonia flux.Atmospheric Environment,1985,19:1117-
1124 ") sampling determination ammonia volatilization；Mass balance approach sampling apparatus was collected every 12 hours and take back laboratory, use volume VSteamFor
The ammonia of 100mL distillation flooding sampling apparatus collections, leaching liquor ammonium concentration CMatterDetermined with indophenol blue colorimetry；Collect matter
After amount balancing method sampling apparatus, new sampling apparatus is placed immediately and determines next sampling interval ammonia volatilization；Adopted every 12 hours
Sample, continuous monitoring 216 hours；
Mass balance approach each height sampler horizontal ammonia volatilization flux of measureT is to sample week in the stage
Phase, H3It is mass balance subtraction unit horizontal cross-sectional area；Mass balance approach is determined Respectively
It is h1~h6Highly locate horizontal ammonia volatilization flux, X is circular trial zone radius.
2) static box method：
After being applied fertilizer in circular trial zone, while setting 4 box method sampling arrangement samples of static state determines ammonia volatilization；Every
Collect within 12 hours static box method sampling apparatus and take back laboratory, sampling apparatus gathers the potassium chloride of ammonia 500mL, 1mol/L
Solution (adds Klorvess Liquid volume to be designated as v5) extraction, leaching liquor ammonium concentration c5Determined with indophenol blue colorimetry；Collect
After static box method sampling apparatus, new sampling apparatus is placed immediately and determines next sampling interval ammonia volatilization；Every 12 hours
Adopt a sample, continuous monitoring 216 hours；
Static box method determines farmland ammonia volatilization rateT is sampling interval (12 hours), H2For static state is box
Subtraction unit horizontal cross-sectional area.
3) in-situ synchronization bearing calibration of the present invention：
Using ammonium sulfate preparation of reagents into ammonium concentration c1For 0.002mol/L, 0.004mol/L, 0.006mol/L,
The ammonium sulfate of 0.008mol/L and 0.01mol/L, every kind of concentration sulphuric acid ammonium salt solution measures v respectively1For 500mL is put in what is weighed
Used as simulation ammonia volatilization source, (weight of the crisper weighed is m in internal diameter 12cm, the crisper of 6cm high1), every kind of concentration ammonia volatilization
Source makes 6；Ground excavation depth 5cm, 30, the hole of internal diameter about 12.5cm outside circular trial zone；Determined with static box method after fertilising
During the ammonia volatilization of farmland, simulation ammonia volatilization source is placed in the hole of ground immediately, is 0.002mol/L, 0.004mol/ in ammonium concentration
Be separately added into the simulation ammonia volatilization source of L, 0.006mol/L, 0.008mol/L and 0.01mol/L 2mL, 4mL, 6mL, 8mL and
10mL concentration cs2(volume of sodium carbonate liquor is added to be designated as v to start ammonia volatilization by the sodium carbonate liquor of 1mol/L2)；Every
12 hours collect static box method sampling apparatus when, immediately ammonium concentration be 0.002mol/L, 0.004mol/L,
2mL, 4mL, 6mL, 8mL and 10mL are separately added into the simulation ammonia volatilization source of 0.006mol/L, 0.008mol/L and 0.01mol/L
Concentration c3(volume of dilution heat of sulfuric acid is added to be designated as v to terminate ammonia volatilization by the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of 1mol/L3), by all moulds
Intend ammonia volatilization source and take back laboratory, directly weigh crisper+solution weight obtain solution in crisper volume (weighing it is fresh-keeping
The weight of box+solution is designated as m2, obtain sampling and terminate rear solution weight m3=m2- m1；It is near that sampling terminates rear solution quality density
Seemingly it is considered as 1g/mL, sampling terminates rear liquor capacity)；Then direct sample determines ammonium concentration c4, while demarcating
The ammonium concentration c of the every kind of concentration sulphuric acid ammonium salt solution for configuring before1, ammonium concentration is using indophenol blue colorimetry measure；Simulation volatilization
Source ammonium ion volatilization total amount M1=c1×v1- c4×v4；T samples for the stage
Cycle, H1It is crisper aperture area；When placing the new static box method sampling apparatus next sampling interval ammonia volatilization of measure,
New simulation ammonia volatilization source synchronous correction is placed immediately；A sample, continuous monitoring 216 hours were adopted every 12 hours；
The ammonia volatilization speed that farmland natural environment, static box method determine simulation ammonia volatilization source in device is respectively defined as
Ax、Bx(the AxAnd BxAccording to above-mentionedFormula calculated), x is
Ammonium salt solution concentration is numbered, with correction coefficientIt is y-axis, BxFor x-axis prepares calibration curve；Each sampling period prepares one
Calibration curve；Q is calculated according to the calibration curve for preparing1Correspondence correction coefficient, the farmland ammonia volatilization speed Q after correction2=α × Q1。
4) the result：
The ammonia volatilization speed that micrometeorology mass balance approach is determined can be considered ammonia volatilization speed true value, be that standard can be commented with it
Estimate static box method and determine farmland ammonia volatilization error.As shown in Figure 4 A, compared with mass balance approach measurement result, static box method
Averagely underestimate farmland ammonia volatilization speed about 47%.And after using the present invention to static box method measurement result correction, it is static box
Method only over-evaluates ammonia volatilization speed 5%, and evaluated error is greatly reduced (Fig. 4 B).Additionally, as shown in Figure 4 C, mass balance approach determines ammonia
Rate of volatilization is in dynamically that daytime night low tendency high, i.e. ammonia volatilization on daytime speed are raised, night ammonia volatilization rate reduction, and to ammonia volatilization
Speed influences the variation tendencies such as larger wind speed, illumination, temperature more consistent；And static box method determines ammonia volatilization rate dynamic
In unimodal trend, i.e. ammonia volatilization speed gradually rises, gradually reduces afterwards, with the variation tendency difference such as wind speed, illumination, temperature compared with
Greatly, field actual conditions are not met；But after being corrected to static box method measurement result using the present invention, it determines ammonia volatilization speed
Dynamic is substantially consistent with mass balance approach measurement result.
Shown by embodiment 3 and its test result：Technical solution of the present invention can be greatly reduced in farmland ammonia volatilization monitoring
Static box method evaluated error, it was demonstrated that effectiveness of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method that static box method of in-situ synchronization correction determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error, it is characterised in that described
Assay method is comprised the following steps：
A, the ammonium sulfate that various concentrations are prepared into using sulfuric acid ammonium reagent, the ammonium sulfate of every kind of concentration are configured to many
The isometric ammonium sulfate of part；
B, by prepare all ammonium sulfates be placed in circular crisper, for prepare it is different volatilization intensity simulation ammonia volatilization
Source；The circular crisper that ammonium sulfate will be filled is put into farmland, and crisper plane of the opening is above the ground level, used as simulation ammonia volatilization
Source；
C, every kind of concentration, many parts of isometric ammonium sulfates are divided equally into two groups respectively, one of which is placed in farmland nature ring
To simulate actual ammonia volatilization, another group of simulation ammonia volatilization source is placed in static box method measure device is waved with ammonia in analogue means in border
Hair；Sodium carbonate liquor is added simultaneously in all of simulation ammonia volatilization source, starts ammonia volatilization process；In static box subtraction unit
Sampled with static box method immediately after sodium carbonate liquor is added in simulation ammonia volatilization source, while being surveyed with static box subtraction unit immediately
Determine farmland ammonia volatilization；
At the end of d, stage sample, while molten with the dilute sulfuric acid of sodium carbonate liquor in adding equivalent in all simulation ammonia volatilization sources
Liquid, to terminate ammonia volatilization process；
E, determined using indophenol blue colorimetry ammonia volatilization start before, terminate after simulate ammonium ion total amount in ammonia volatilization source, obtain agriculture
Field natural environment, static box method determine the ammonia volatilization speed in different volatilization strength simulation ammonia volatilization sources in device, with two kinds of rings
The ratio of ammonia volatilization speed determines ammonia volatilization speed in device and prepares calibration curve with static box method under border；
F, the farmland volatilization ammonia total amount gathered with period static chamber formula method using indophenol blue colorimetry measure, are calculated farmland ammonia and waved
Hair speed, obtains correcting the farmland ammonia volatilization speed of environmental perturbation constant error by calibration curve.
2. the method that the static box method of in-situ synchronization correction according to claim 1 determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error,
It is characterized in that：The ammonium sulfate of various concentrations is prepared into using sulfuric acid ammonium reagent described in step a, wherein the sulfuric acid prepared
The concentration c of ammonium salt solution1For in 0.002mol/L, 0.004mol/L, 0.006mol/L, 0.008mol/L and 0.01mol/L extremely
Few one kind；The ammonium sulfate of every kind of concentration is configured to 6 parts of isometric ammonium sulfates.
3. the method that the static box method of in-situ synchronization correction according to claim 1 determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error,
It is characterized in that：Crisper specification employed in step b is 6cm high, internal diameter R than the static box small 4cm of subtraction unit internal diameter；Institute
State the ammonium sulfate volume v filled in crisper1=π × R2×5cm；Circular crisper weighs crisper before being put into farmland
Weight m1。
4. the method that the static box method of in-situ synchronization correction according to claim 1 determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error,
It is characterized in that：The concentration c of the sodium carbonate liquor used described in step c2It is 1mol/L；The addition of the sodium carbonate liquor
v2According to ammonium sulfate volume v in crisper1And concentration c1It is determined that, computing formula is
5. the method that the static box method of in-situ synchronization correction according to claim 1 determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error,
It is characterized in that：The concentration c of the dilution heat of sulfuric acid used described in step d3It is 1mol/L；The addition of the dilution heat of sulfuric acid
v3According to added sodium carbonate liquor volume v in crisper2And concentration c2It is determined that, computing formula is
6. the method that the static box method of in-situ synchronization correction according to claim 1 determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error,
It is characterized in that：The sampling period of the sampling of stage described in step d is 12 hours, and sampling period separation is the morning 6:00 with
Noon 6:00.
7. the method that the static box method of in-situ synchronization correction according to claim 1 determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error, its
It is characterised by, the specific operation process of step e is：Sampling weighs the weight m of each crisper+solution after terminating2, obtain sampling knot
Solution weight m after beam3=m2- m1, sampling terminates rear solution quality density and is approximately considered as 1g/mL, and sampling terminates rear liquor capacityAmmonium concentration c in ammonium sulfate before being started using indophenol blue colorimetry measure ammonia volatilization, after startup1、c4,
Simulation volatile source ammonium ion volatilization total amount M1=c1×v1- c4×v4；t
It is sampling period in stage, H1It is crisper aperture area；Farmland natural environment, static box method determine simulation ammonia volatilization in device
The ammonia volatilization speed in source is respectively defined as Ax、Bx, x is numbered for ammonium salt solution concentration, with correction coefficientIt is y-axis, BxFor x-axis system
Standby calibration curve.
8. the method that the static box method of in-situ synchronization correction according to claim 1 determines farmland ammonia volatilization constant error,
Characterized in that, the specific operation process of step f is：The volume gathered with period static chamber formula subtraction unit is v5Farmland volatilization
Then ammonia uses conventional determining method to determine ammonium concentration c in leaching liquor using conventional leaching liquor extraction5, farmland ammonia waves
Hair speedT is sampling period in stage, H2It is static box subtraction unit cross-sectional area, according to the calibration curve for preparing
Calculate Q1Correspondence correction coefficient, the farmland ammonia volatilization speed Q after correction2=α × Q1。
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| CN115060671A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-09-16 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Laser spectrum technology-based farmland ammonia volatilization box type multipoint synchronous in-situ real-time monitoring method |
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