CN106706272A - Device and method for measuring thermal lens focal length of nonlinear crystal - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring thermal lens focal length of nonlinear crystal Download PDFInfo
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- CN106706272A CN106706272A CN201710041976.7A CN201710041976A CN106706272A CN 106706272 A CN106706272 A CN 106706272A CN 201710041976 A CN201710041976 A CN 201710041976A CN 106706272 A CN106706272 A CN 106706272A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the thermal lens focal length of a nonlinear crystal. The device comprises nonlinear crystals, an optical resonant cavity, a single frequency laser, a power regulator, a beam splitter, a photoelectric detector, an oscilloscope, a signal generator and a high-voltage amplifier, wherein the nonlinear crystals are put in the minimum waist spot position of the optical resonant cavity; the output light of the single frequency laser is injected into the optical resonant cavity after passing through the power regulator; the beam splitter separates frequency doubled light output by the optical resonant cavity from fundamental frequency light; the fundamental frequency light is injected into the photoelectric detector; the oscilloscope is used for recording to obtain the transmission spectrum of the optical resonant cavity; a low-frequency signal is generated by the signal generator; after being amplified by the high-voltage amplifier, the low-frequency signal is loaded onto piezoelectric ceramics attached onto the endoscope. The offset quantity of the resonant frequency of the optical resonant cavity is obtained through measurement according to the recorded transmission spectrum; the calculation is performed according to a formula to obtain the thermal lens focal length of the nonlinear crystals. The device and the method are simple; the operation is convenient; the measurement result is accurate; the practical value is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser technology field, a kind of device for measuring nonlinear crystal thermal focal length is particularly belonged to
And method.
Background technology
Single-frequency Ultra-Violet Laser is widely used in biologic medical, laser printing, height as a kind of important LASER Light Source
The fields such as fine spectroscopy, the preparation of non-classical optical state.The fluorescence spectra of existing gain media is general in 600-
The near-infrared of 1500nm is to middle-infrared band, and frequency doubling technology provides effective approach to obtain shorter wavelength laser.But,
With deepening continuously for research, it has been found that during frequency multiplication produces high power ultraviolet light, the fuel factor of nonlinear crystal
It is very serious, seriously constrain the further raising of frequency multiplication luminous power.Thermal focal length is weigh the fuel factor order of severity one
Individual important indicator, in order to obtain the single-frequency Ultra-Violet Laser of more power, it is necessary to study the thermal characteristics of nonlinear crystal and accurately survey
The thermal focal length of crystal under fixed different injecting powers.
The method of traditional measurement thermal focal length is concentrated mainly on the measurement to gain media thermal focal length.Most generation
Table has probe light method, an average cell method.Probe light method is to allow a branch of directional light by the gain media with thermal lensing effect,
By the thermal focal length for measuring the focal position of collimated light beam to determine the gain media.The advantage of the method is directly perceived, but
Need to additionally introduce light beam, and certainty of measurement is very low, it is impossible to accurately reflect the order of severity of crystal thermal effect.Average cell method
It is the position by surveying the waist spot of output laser and the size anti-thermal focal length for pushing away crystal again, calculating process is more complicated, measurement
Precision is low.And during frequency multiplication, cause the factor of crystal thermal effect complex, including crystal suction individually to fundamental frequency light
Receive, individually the absorption to frequency doubled light and the absorption of frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light, non-thread cannot be made a concrete analysis of with above method
The thermal characteristics of property crystal, and cannot accurately measure the thermal focal length of nonlinear crystal.
The content of the invention
It is accurate it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simple to operate, result in order to solve the limitation of existing method
The apparatus and method for determining nonlinear crystal thermal focal length.
A kind of device of measurement nonlinear crystal thermal focal length that the present invention is provided, including nonlinear crystal, optics are humorous
Shake chamber, single-frequency laser, power governor, beam splitter, photodetector, oscillograph, signal generator, high-voltage amplifier.Its
It is characterised by, the nonlinear crystal is placed at the minimum waist spot of optical resonator；The output light of single-frequency laser is by work(
It is injected into optical resonator after rate adjuster；Low-frequency sweep signal is produced by signal generator, after amplifying through high-voltage amplifier
Load on the piezoelectric ceramics for sticking in hysteroscope；The frequency doubled light and fundamental frequency light that beam splitter exports optical resonator are separated；Fundamental frequency
Light is injected into photodetector and is converted into electric signal, and the output signal of photodetector is input to the different injection work(of oscillograph recording
The transmission spectrum of optical resonator under rate.
Described nonlinear crystal for birefringent phase matching LBO, BIBO, BBO or quasi-phase matched PPKTP,
PPLN, PPSLT etc..
Described optical resonator is standing-wave cavity or travelling-wave cavity.
Described single-frequency laser is continuous single frequency tunable ti sapphire laser, continuous single-frequency 1064nm lasers or company
Continuous single-frequency 1342nm lasers.
Described power governor is made up of λ/2 wave plate and polarization splitting prism.
Described oscillograph be can stored record data digital oscilloscope.
A kind of method of measurement nonlinear crystal thermal focal length that the present invention is provided, its principle is：In frequency multiplication of outer-cavity mistake
Cheng Zhong, in order to obtain the frequency multiplication light output of stabilization, it is necessary to optical resonator is locked in the frequency of the fundamental frequency light of injection, when sweeping
Retouch optical resonator chamber it is long find during resonance point, the serious fuel factor of nonlinear crystal result in optical resonator resonance frequently
The skew of rate, shows as the broadening of resonator transmission spectrum.And the heat penetration of the side-play amount of resonant frequency and nonlinear crystal
Mirror focal length has certain relation, and the thermal lens that can obtain nonlinear crystal by the size for measuring resonance frequency shift amount is burnt
Away from.
During frequency multiplication, causing the factor of nonlinear crystal fuel factor includes absorption of the crystal individually to fundamental frequency light, single
The solely absorption and the absorption of frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light to frequency doubled light.Due to the independent absorption to fundamental frequency light of nonlinear crystal very
Weak, so only considering the fuel factor that other two kinds of factors cause, its thermal focal length is represented by：
Wherein, ω is waist spot radius of the basic frequency beam at nonlinear crystal center, and F is the fineness of optical resonator, λω
For the wavelength of fundamental frequency light, Δ and Θ are respectively the mismatching angle of the optical resonator that nonlinear crystal frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light causes
And the mismatching angle of optical resonator that frequency doubled light causes is absorbed, it is expressed as：
With
Wherein, αu、αsRespectively frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light absorption coefficient and individually to the absorption coefficient of frequency doubled light, LCFor
The length of nonlinear crystal, ΓeffIt is the nonlinear system turn over number of crystal, P is fundamental frequency luminous power, K in optical resonatorCFor non-
The thermal conductivity of linear crystal, dn/dT is the thermo-optical coeffecient of nonlinear crystal.For specific nonlinear crystal, it is to again
The absorption coefficient of frequency lightsAnd non-linear transfer coefficient ΓeffIt is to determine, can be asked according to fundamental frequency optical power value in specific chamber
Obtain Θ.In addition, total mismatching angle Ψ=Δ+Θ of the optical resonator caused by this two parts fuel factor is expressed as：
Wherein, Δ ν=ν-ν0It is the side-play amount of optical resonator resonant frequency, ν0Optical resonator when being no fuel factor
Resonant frequency, ν be fuel factor in the presence of optical resonator resonant frequency, c be vacuum in light spread speed, L is resonance
The geometrical length in chamber, n is the refractive index of nonlinear crystal.From formula 1-4, fundamental frequency luminous power is certain in optical resonator
In the case of, it is burnt by the thermal lens that nonlinear crystal is calculated by the offset Δ ν for measuring optical resonator resonant frequency
Away from f, meanwhile, can also calculate the absorption coefficient for trying to achieve nonlinear crystal frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency lightu, it is specifically to study non-linear
The thermal characteristics of crystal provides effective way.
A kind of method of measurement nonlinear crystal thermal focal length that the present invention is provided, comprises the following steps：
A () produces low-frequency sweep signal by signal generator, loaded on after amplifying through high-voltage amplifier and stick in hysteroscope
On piezoelectric ceramics, the chamber for scanning optical resonator is long, with the transmission spectrum of oscillograph recording optical resonator；
B () measures its frequency offset Δ ν=ν-ν according to the transmission spectrum of the optical resonator for obtaining0；
C () obtains the total mismatching angle Ψ of optical resonator according to formula 4；
D () is according to nonlinear crystal to the absorption coefficient of frequency doubled lightsWith non-linear transfer coefficient Γeff, can be drawn by formula 3
Under fundamental frequency luminous power in certain chamber, nonlinear crystal absorbs the mismatching angle Θ that frequency doubled light causes；
E () draws the mismatching angle Δ caused by absorption fundamental frequency light according to relational expression Δ=Ψ-Θ；
(f) according to the mismatching angle Δ and Θ that obtain, by formula 4 and 2 can obtain simultaneously nonlinear crystal thermal focal length f and
The absorption coefficient of its frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency lightu。
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：
1. the present invention is when the thermal focal length to nonlinear crystal is measured, it is not necessary to which what analyzing crystal occurred in itself answers
Miscellaneous thermal process, without other optical systems are introduced, need to only monitor the change of the transmission spectrum of optical resonator after resonator,
The thermal focal length of nonlinear crystal is can obtain, the measuring method process is simple, as a result accurately.
2. measurement of the present invention suitable for the thermal focal length of any nonlinear crystal.
3. the measurement of present invention nonlinear crystal thermal focal length suitable for different cavity structures.
4. the present invention is on the basis of nonlinear crystal thermal focal length is measured, and the heat that can also analyze nonlinear crystal is special
Property, such as frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light absorption coefficient, and then clearly cause fuel factor each several part factor to nonlinear crystal fuel factor
Contribution amount.
In a word, the present invention can accurately measure the thermal focal length of nonlinear crystal, and device is simple, easy to operate, while
Can also specifically study the thermal characteristics of nonlinear crystal.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention one：" 8 " word ring resonator realizes nonlinear crystal heat in frequency doubled light output procedure
The structural representation of focal length of lens measurement device.In figure：1- nonlinear crystals, 2- optical resonators, 3- single-frequency lasers, 4- work(
Rate adjuster, 5- beam splitters, 6- photodetectors, 7- oscillographs, 8- signal generators, 9- high-voltage amplifiers, 10- frequency doubled lights,
11- fundamental frequency lights, the level crossings of 12- first, the level crossings of 13- second, 14- the first plano-concave mirrors, 15- the second plano-concave mirrors.
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention two：Standing-wave cavity realizes nonlinear crystal thermal focal length in frequency doubled light output procedure
The structural representation of measurement apparatus.In figure：1- nonlinear crystals, 2- optical resonators, 3- single-frequency lasers, 4- power adjustings
Device, 5- beam splitters, 6- photodetectors, 7- oscillographs, 8- signal generators, 9- high-voltage amplifiers, 10- frequency doubled lights, 11- fundamental frequencies
Light, 16- concave and convex lenses, 17- plano-concave mirrors.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not restricted to these case study on implementation.
Implementation method one：Fig. 1 show the present invention and nonlinear crystal thermal focal length in " 8 " word annular chamber is measured
Device, including nonlinear crystal 1, optical resonator 2, single-frequency laser 3, power governor 4, beam splitter 5, photodetector
6th, oscillograph 7, signal generator 8, high-voltage amplifier 9.Tested nonlinear crystal is welded by vacuum indium by indium foil cladding and is placed in purple
In copper temperature control furnace, it is placed at the minimum waist spot of resonator, to ensure the transformation efficiency of maximum, temperature control furnace uses TEC
(TEC) temperature control is carried out, temperature-controlled precision is 0.1 DEG C, to realize optimum phase matching；Optical resonator 2 is " 8 " word ring junction
Structure, is made up of the first level crossing 12, the second level crossing 13, the first plano-concave mirror 14, the second plano-concave mirror 15, and the first level crossing 12 is coated with
To fundamental frequency light fractional transmission, to frequency doubled light high-reflecting film, the second level crossing 13 is coated with to fundamental frequency light and the equal high-reflecting film of frequency doubled light, first
Plano-concave mirror 14 is coated with to fundamental frequency light and the equal high-reflecting film of frequency doubled light, the second plano-concave mirror 15 be coated with it is high to fundamental frequency light anti-, it is high to frequency doubled light
Permeable membrane；Single-frequency laser 3 produces the fundamental frequency light of specific wavelength, and optical resonator 2 is injected into through power governor 4, and beam splitter 5 will
The fundamental frequency light 11 and frequency doubled light 10 of the output of optical resonator 2 are separated, and wherein fundamental frequency light 11 is injected into photodetector 6；Light electrical resistivity survey
The output signal for surveying device 6 is input to the transmission spectrum that oscillograph 7 records optical resonator 2；The low-frequency sweep of the output of signal generator 8
Signal, loads on the piezoelectric ceramics for sticking in the first plano-concave mirror 14 after amplifying through high-voltage amplifier 9, scans optical resonator 2
Chamber it is long.
Implementation method two：Fig. 2 show the dress that the present invention is measured to nonlinear crystal thermal focal length in standing-wave cavity
Put, including nonlinear crystal 1, optical resonator 2, single-frequency laser 3, power governor 4, beam splitter 5, photodetector 6, show
Ripple device 7, signal generator 8, high-voltage amplifier 9.Tested nonlinear crystal is welded by vacuum indium by the thin cladding of indium and is placed in red copper control
In warm stove, it is placed at the minimum waist spot of resonator, to ensure the transformation efficiency of maximum, temperature control furnace uses TEC
(TEC) temperature control is carried out, temperature-controlled precision is 0.1 DEG C, to realize optimum phase matching；Optical resonator 2 is standing wave cavity configuration,
It is made up of the peaceful concave mirror 17 of concave and convex lenses 16, concave and convex lenses 16 are coated with to fundamental frequency light has certain transmissivity and to frequency doubled light reverse high, puts down
Concave mirror 17 be coated with it is high to fundamental frequency light anti-, to frequency doubled light mould high；Single-frequency laser 3 produces the fundamental frequency light of specific wavelength, through power
Adjuster 4 is injected into optical resonator 2, and the fundamental frequency light 11 and frequency doubled light 10 that beam splitter 5 exports optical resonator 2 are separated, its
Middle fundamental frequency light 11 is injected into photodetector 6 and is converted into electric signal；The output signal of photodetector 6 is input to oscillograph 7 and remembers
Record the transmission spectrum of optical resonator 2；The low-frequency sweep signal of the output of signal generator 8, loads on after amplifying through high-voltage amplifier 9
Stick on the piezoelectric ceramics of plano-concave mirror 17, the chamber for scanning optical resonator 2 is long.
Tested nonlinear crystal 1 is MgO:PPSLT crystal, size is 0.8 × 2 × 10mm3, both ends of the surface are coated with 795nm
And 397.5nm high-reflecting films, polarization cycle is 9.23 μm；Optical resonator 2 is " 8 " word loop configuration, and the first level crossing 12 is right
795nm light transmissions are 11%, anti-Input coupling mirror high to 397.5nm light, the second level crossing 13 be to 795nm light and
397.5nm light anti-level crossing high, the first plano-concave mirror 14 is to 795nm light and 397.5nm light anti-plano-concave mirror high, curvature
Radius is 100mm, and the second plano-concave mirror 15 is high to 795nm light anti-, 397.5nm light plano-concave mirror high, and radius of curvature is 100mm；
Single-frequency laser 3 is that output wavelength is the ti sapphire laser of 795nm；Power controller 4 is by half-wave plate and polarization splitting prism
Composition；Photodetector 6 is used to detect 795nm light transmissions peak, model S3399, and oscillograph 7 is used to monitor that detector is detected
Signal, with record it is different injection pump powers under transmission spectrums.When the laser power in injection optics resonator 2 is 1.957W
When, record the transmission spectrum of optical resonator.Measurement obtains the side-play amount of optical resonator resonant frequency
105MHz, using formula
It is 19.1 to calculate the total mismatching angle Ψ of optical resonator, and wherein light velocity c is 3 × 108M/s, optical resonator chamber
L long is 534mm, the length L of nonlinear crystalCIt is 10mm, the refractive index n of nonlinear crystal is 2.178, optics during without fuel factor
The fineness F of resonator is 50.According to crystal to the absorption coefficient 4.6%cm of frequency doubled light-1, with reference to formulaCalculate that to absorb the mismatching angle Θ that causes of frequency doubled light be 0.6, using formula Δ=Ψ-Θ can by again
The mismatching angle Δ that frequency photoinduction fundamental frequency light absorbs cause is 18.5, wherein, PfIt is 18.7mW, thermal conductivity KCIt is 8.4W/mK, heat
Backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio dn/dT is 2.6 × 10-5K-1, fundamental frequency light wavelength XωIt is 795nm.Recycle formulaCalculate
The thermal focal length for obtaining nonlinear crystal is 2.8mm, and wherein waist spot radius ω is 42.18 μm, while, it is possible to use the Δ tried to achieve
With reference to formulaDraw the 397.5nm photoinduction 795nm absorption coefficients of light for 5.36%/
cm.It is the thermal focal length and nonlinear crystal of nonlinear crystal under measurable different injecting powers with same method
The absorption coefficient of 397.5nm photoinduction 795nm light.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of device for measuring nonlinear crystal thermal focal length, including nonlinear crystal (1), optical resonator (2), single-frequency
Laser (3), power governor (4), beam splitter (5), photodetector (6), oscillograph (7), signal generator (8), high pressure
Amplifier (9)；Characterized in that, the nonlinear crystal (1) is placed at the minimum waist spot of optical resonator (2)；Single-frequency swashs
The output light of light device (3) after power governor (4) in being injected into optical resonator (2)；Beam splitter (5) is by optical resonator
(2) frequency doubled light (10) and fundamental frequency light (11) of output are separated；Fundamental frequency light (11) is injected into photodetector (6) and is converted into telecommunications
Number, the electric signal of photodetector (6) output is input to oscillograph (7), to record optical resonator (2) under different injecting powers
Transmission spectrum；The low-frequency sweep signal that signal generator (8) is produced, loads on after amplifying through high-voltage amplifier (9) and sticks in chamber
On the piezoelectric ceramics of mirror.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of measure nonlinear crystal thermal focal length device, it is characterised in that it is described
Nonlinear crystal (1) is LBO, BIBO or BBO of birefringent phase matching；Or PPKTP, PPLN for quasi-phase matched or
PPSLT。
3. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of measure nonlinear crystal thermal focal length device, it is characterised in that it is described
Optical resonator (2) is standing-wave cavity or travelling-wave cavity.
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of measure nonlinear crystal thermal focal length device, it is characterised in that it is described
Single-frequency laser (3) is continuous single frequency tunable ti sapphire laser, continuous single-frequency 1064nm lasers or continuous single-frequency
1342nm lasers.
5. a kind of method for measuring nonlinear crystal thermal focal length, it is characterised in that non-using the measurement described in claim 1
The device of linear crystal thermal focal length, comprises the following steps：
A () produces low-frequency sweep signal by signal generator (8), loaded on after amplifying through high-voltage amplifier (9) and stick in hysteroscope
(14) on piezoelectric ceramics, the chamber of scanning optical resonator (2) is long, and the transmission of optical resonator (2) is recorded with oscillograph (7)
Spectrum；
B () measures the frequency offset Δ ν=ν-ν in its relatively cool chamber according to the transmission spectrum of the optical resonator (2) for obtaining0,
Wherein, ν0The resonant frequency of optical resonator (2) when being without fuel factor, ν be fuel factor in the presence of optical resonator (2) it is humorous
Vibration frequency；
C () is according to formula
The total mismatching angle Ψ of optical resonator (2) is obtained, wherein, c is the spread speed of light in vacuum, and L is optical resonator (2)
Geometrical length, n for nonlinear crystal (1) refractive index, LCIt is the length of nonlinear crystal (1), in the presence of F is no effect
The fineness of optical resonator (2)；
D () is according to nonlinear crystal (1) to the absorption coefficient of frequency doubled lights, and using the relation between mismatching angle and absorbed power
Formula
Show that nonlinear crystal (1) absorbs the mismatching angle Θ of the resonator that frequency doubled light causes, wherein, ΓeffIt is nonlinear crystal
(1) non-linear transfer coefficient, P is the fundamental frequency luminous power in optical resonator (2), λωIt is the wavelength of fundamental frequency light, KCIt is non-thread
Property crystal (1) thermal conductivity, dn/dT for nonlinear crystal (1) thermo-optical coeffecient；
E () draws and absorbs the mismatching angle Δ for causing by frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light according to relational expression Δ=Ψ-Θ；
F mismatching angle Δ and Θ that () basis is obtained, using thermal focal length expression formula
With the expression formula that frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light absorbs the cavity detuning for causing
Obtain the thermal focal length f and frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light absorption coefficient of nonlinear crystal (1)u, wherein, ω is fundamental frequency light
Waist spot radius of the beam at nonlinear crystal (1) center.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108469335A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-31 | 中国科学技术大学 | A method of measuring frequency doubling cavity shg efficiency |
| CN109323852A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-12 | 清华大学 | A kind of laser frequency doubling crystal frequency conversion efficiency measuring system and performance characterization method |
| CN110865053A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-06 | 山西大学 | Device and method for measuring energy transmission up-conversion heat transfer load in laser gain crystal |
| CN112130395A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-25 | 山西大学 | Integral optical resonant cavity for frequency conversion |
| CN115128001A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-30 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Wavelength-coded probe light generating device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108469335A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-31 | 中国科学技术大学 | A method of measuring frequency doubling cavity shg efficiency |
| CN109323852A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-12 | 清华大学 | A kind of laser frequency doubling crystal frequency conversion efficiency measuring system and performance characterization method |
| CN110865053A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-06 | 山西大学 | Device and method for measuring energy transmission up-conversion heat transfer load in laser gain crystal |
| CN110865053B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-11-03 | 山西大学 | Device and method for measuring energy transmission up-conversion heat transfer load in laser gain crystal |
| CN112130395A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-25 | 山西大学 | Integral optical resonant cavity for frequency conversion |
| CN115128001A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-30 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Wavelength-coded probe light generating device |
| CN115128001B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-04-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Wavelength coded probe light generating device |
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