CN106706272A - Device and method for measuring thermal lens focal length of nonlinear crystal - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring thermal lens focal length of nonlinear crystal Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007648 laser printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种测量非线性晶体热透镜焦距的装置和方法，装置包括非线性晶体、光学谐振腔、单频激光器、功率调节器、分束器、光电探测器、示波器、信号发生器、高压放大器。所述非线性晶体放置在光学谐振腔的最小腰斑处；单频激光器的输出光经功率调节器后注入到光学谐振腔中；分束器将光学谐振腔输出的倍频光和基频光分离；基频光注入到光电探测器，用示波器记录得到光学谐振腔的透射谱；由信号发生器产生低频信号，经高压放大器放大后加载于粘连在腔镜的压电陶瓷上。本发明根据记录的透射谱测量得到光学谐振腔谐振频率的偏移量，根据公式计算得到非线性晶体的热透镜焦距。该装置和方法简单、操作方便、测量结果准确，具有较高的实用价值。
The invention provides a device and method for measuring the focal length of a nonlinear crystal thermal lens. The device includes a nonlinear crystal, an optical resonant cavity, a single-frequency laser, a power regulator, a beam splitter, a photodetector, an oscilloscope, a signal generator, High voltage amplifier. The nonlinear crystal is placed at the smallest waist spot of the optical resonator; the output light of the single-frequency laser is injected into the optical resonator after being passed through the power regulator; Separation; the fundamental frequency light is injected into the photodetector, and the transmission spectrum of the optical resonant cavity is recorded with an oscilloscope; the low-frequency signal is generated by the signal generator, amplified by a high-voltage amplifier, and loaded on the piezoelectric ceramic adhered to the cavity mirror. The invention obtains the offset of the resonant frequency of the optical resonant cavity according to the recorded transmission spectrum measurement, and calculates the thermal lens focal length of the nonlinear crystal according to the formula. The device and method are simple, convenient to operate, accurate in measurement results and have high practical value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser technology field, a kind of device for measuring nonlinear crystal thermal focal length is particularly belonged to
And method.
Background technology
Single-frequency Ultra-Violet Laser is widely used in biologic medical, laser printing, height as a kind of important LASER Light Source
The fields such as fine spectroscopy, the preparation of non-classical optical state.The fluorescence spectra of existing gain media is general in 600-
The near-infrared of 1500nm is to middle-infrared band, and frequency doubling technology provides effective approach to obtain shorter wavelength laser.But,
With deepening continuously for research, it has been found that during frequency multiplication produces high power ultraviolet light, the fuel factor of nonlinear crystal
It is very serious, seriously constrain the further raising of frequency multiplication luminous power.Thermal focal length is weigh the fuel factor order of severity one
Individual important indicator, in order to obtain the single-frequency Ultra-Violet Laser of more power, it is necessary to study the thermal characteristics of nonlinear crystal and accurately survey
The thermal focal length of crystal under fixed different injecting powers.
The method of traditional measurement thermal focal length is concentrated mainly on the measurement to gain media thermal focal length.Most generation
Table has probe light method, an average cell method.Probe light method is to allow a branch of directional light by the gain media with thermal lensing effect,
By the thermal focal length for measuring the focal position of collimated light beam to determine the gain media.The advantage of the method is directly perceived, but
Need to additionally introduce light beam, and certainty of measurement is very low, it is impossible to accurately reflect the order of severity of crystal thermal effect.Average cell method
It is the position by surveying the waist spot of output laser and the size anti-thermal focal length for pushing away crystal again, calculating process is more complicated, measurement
Precision is low.And during frequency multiplication, cause the factor of crystal thermal effect complex, including crystal suction individually to fundamental frequency light
Receive, individually the absorption to frequency doubled light and the absorption of frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light, non-thread cannot be made a concrete analysis of with above method
The thermal characteristics of property crystal, and cannot accurately measure the thermal focal length of nonlinear crystal.
The content of the invention
It is accurate it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simple to operate, result in order to solve the limitation of existing method
The apparatus and method for determining nonlinear crystal thermal focal length.
A kind of device of measurement nonlinear crystal thermal focal length that the present invention is provided, including nonlinear crystal, optics are humorous
Shake chamber, single-frequency laser, power governor, beam splitter, photodetector, oscillograph, signal generator, high-voltage amplifier.Its
It is characterised by, the nonlinear crystal is placed at the minimum waist spot of optical resonator；The output light of single-frequency laser is by work(
It is injected into optical resonator after rate adjuster；Low-frequency sweep signal is produced by signal generator, after amplifying through high-voltage amplifier
Load on the piezoelectric ceramics for sticking in hysteroscope；The frequency doubled light and fundamental frequency light that beam splitter exports optical resonator are separated；Fundamental frequency
Light is injected into photodetector and is converted into electric signal, and the output signal of photodetector is input to the different injection work(of oscillograph recording
The transmission spectrum of optical resonator under rate.
Described nonlinear crystal for birefringent phase matching LBO, BIBO, BBO or quasi-phase matched PPKTP,
PPLN, PPSLT etc..
Described optical resonator is standing-wave cavity or travelling-wave cavity.
Described single-frequency laser is continuous single frequency tunable ti sapphire laser, continuous single-frequency 1064nm lasers or company
Continuous single-frequency 1342nm lasers.
Described power governor is made up of λ/2 wave plate and polarization splitting prism.
Described oscillograph be can stored record data digital oscilloscope.
A kind of method of measurement nonlinear crystal thermal focal length that the present invention is provided, its principle is：In frequency multiplication of outer-cavity mistake
Cheng Zhong, in order to obtain the frequency multiplication light output of stabilization, it is necessary to optical resonator is locked in the frequency of the fundamental frequency light of injection, when sweeping
Retouch optical resonator chamber it is long find during resonance point, the serious fuel factor of nonlinear crystal result in optical resonator resonance frequently
The skew of rate, shows as the broadening of resonator transmission spectrum.And the heat penetration of the side-play amount of resonant frequency and nonlinear crystal
Mirror focal length has certain relation, and the thermal lens that can obtain nonlinear crystal by the size for measuring resonance frequency shift amount is burnt
Away from.
During frequency multiplication, causing the factor of nonlinear crystal fuel factor includes absorption of the crystal individually to fundamental frequency light, single
The solely absorption and the absorption of frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light to frequency doubled light.Due to the independent absorption to fundamental frequency light of nonlinear crystal very
Weak, so only considering the fuel factor that other two kinds of factors cause, its thermal focal length is represented by：
Wherein, ω is waist spot radius of the basic frequency beam at nonlinear crystal center, and F is the fineness of optical resonator, λω
For the wavelength of fundamental frequency light, Δ and Θ are respectively the mismatching angle of the optical resonator that nonlinear crystal frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light causes
And the mismatching angle of optical resonator that frequency doubled light causes is absorbed, it is expressed as：
With
Wherein, αu、αsRespectively frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light absorption coefficient and individually to the absorption coefficient of frequency doubled light, LCFor
The length of nonlinear crystal, ΓeffIt is the nonlinear system turn over number of crystal, P is fundamental frequency luminous power, K in optical resonatorCFor non-
The thermal conductivity of linear crystal, dn/dT is the thermo-optical coeffecient of nonlinear crystal.For specific nonlinear crystal, it is to again
The absorption coefficient of frequency lightsAnd non-linear transfer coefficient ΓeffIt is to determine, can be asked according to fundamental frequency optical power value in specific chamber
Obtain Θ.In addition, total mismatching angle Ψ=Δ+Θ of the optical resonator caused by this two parts fuel factor is expressed as：
Wherein, Δ ν=ν-ν0It is the side-play amount of optical resonator resonant frequency, ν0Optical resonator when being no fuel factor
Resonant frequency, ν be fuel factor in the presence of optical resonator resonant frequency, c be vacuum in light spread speed, L is resonance
The geometrical length in chamber, n is the refractive index of nonlinear crystal.From formula 1-4, fundamental frequency luminous power is certain in optical resonator
In the case of, it is burnt by the thermal lens that nonlinear crystal is calculated by the offset Δ ν for measuring optical resonator resonant frequency
Away from f, meanwhile, can also calculate the absorption coefficient for trying to achieve nonlinear crystal frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency lightu, it is specifically to study non-linear
The thermal characteristics of crystal provides effective way.
A kind of method of measurement nonlinear crystal thermal focal length that the present invention is provided, comprises the following steps：
A () produces low-frequency sweep signal by signal generator, loaded on after amplifying through high-voltage amplifier and stick in hysteroscope
On piezoelectric ceramics, the chamber for scanning optical resonator is long, with the transmission spectrum of oscillograph recording optical resonator；
B () measures its frequency offset Δ ν=ν-ν according to the transmission spectrum of the optical resonator for obtaining0；
C () obtains the total mismatching angle Ψ of optical resonator according to formula 4；
D () is according to nonlinear crystal to the absorption coefficient of frequency doubled lightsWith non-linear transfer coefficient Γeff, can be drawn by formula 3
Under fundamental frequency luminous power in certain chamber, nonlinear crystal absorbs the mismatching angle Θ that frequency doubled light causes；
E () draws the mismatching angle Δ caused by absorption fundamental frequency light according to relational expression Δ=Ψ-Θ；
(f) according to the mismatching angle Δ and Θ that obtain, by formula 4 and 2 can obtain simultaneously nonlinear crystal thermal focal length f and
The absorption coefficient of its frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency lightu。
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：
1. the present invention is when the thermal focal length to nonlinear crystal is measured, it is not necessary to which what analyzing crystal occurred in itself answers
Miscellaneous thermal process, without other optical systems are introduced, need to only monitor the change of the transmission spectrum of optical resonator after resonator,
The thermal focal length of nonlinear crystal is can obtain, the measuring method process is simple, as a result accurately.
2. measurement of the present invention suitable for the thermal focal length of any nonlinear crystal.
3. the measurement of present invention nonlinear crystal thermal focal length suitable for different cavity structures.
4. the present invention is on the basis of nonlinear crystal thermal focal length is measured, and the heat that can also analyze nonlinear crystal is special
Property, such as frequency multiplication photoinduction fundamental frequency light absorption coefficient, and then clearly cause fuel factor each several part factor to nonlinear crystal fuel factor
Contribution amount.
In a word, the present invention can accurately measure the thermal focal length of nonlinear crystal, and device is simple, easy to operate, while
Can also specifically study the thermal characteristics of nonlinear crystal.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention one：" 8 " word ring resonator realizes nonlinear crystal heat in frequency doubled light output procedure
The structural representation of focal length of lens measurement device.In figure：1- nonlinear crystals, 2- optical resonators, 3- single-frequency lasers, 4- work(
Rate adjuster, 5- beam splitters, 6- photodetectors, 7- oscillographs, 8- signal generators, 9- high-voltage amplifiers, 10- frequency doubled lights,
11- fundamental frequency lights, the level crossings of 12- first, the level crossings of 13- second, 14- the first plano-concave mirrors, 15- the second plano-concave mirrors.
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention two：Standing-wave cavity realizes nonlinear crystal thermal focal length in frequency doubled light output procedure
The structural representation of measurement apparatus.In figure：1- nonlinear crystals, 2- optical resonators, 3- single-frequency lasers, 4- power adjustings
Device, 5- beam splitters, 6- photodetectors, 7- oscillographs, 8- signal generators, 9- high-voltage amplifiers, 10- frequency doubled lights, 11- fundamental frequencies
Light, 16- concave and convex lenses, 17- plano-concave mirrors.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not restricted to these case study on implementation.
Implementation method one：Fig. 1 show the present invention and nonlinear crystal thermal focal length in " 8 " word annular chamber is measured
Device, including nonlinear crystal 1, optical resonator 2, single-frequency laser 3, power governor 4, beam splitter 5, photodetector
6th, oscillograph 7, signal generator 8, high-voltage amplifier 9.Tested nonlinear crystal is welded by vacuum indium by indium foil cladding and is placed in purple
In copper temperature control furnace, it is placed at the minimum waist spot of resonator, to ensure the transformation efficiency of maximum, temperature control furnace uses TEC
(TEC) temperature control is carried out, temperature-controlled precision is 0.1 DEG C, to realize optimum phase matching；Optical resonator 2 is " 8 " word ring junction
Structure, is made up of the first level crossing 12, the second level crossing 13, the first plano-concave mirror 14, the second plano-concave mirror 15, and the first level crossing 12 is coated with
To fundamental frequency light fractional transmission, to frequency doubled light high-reflecting film, the second level crossing 13 is coated with to fundamental frequency light and the equal high-reflecting film of frequency doubled light, first
Plano-concave mirror 14 is coated with to fundamental frequency light and the equal high-reflecting film of frequency doubled light, the second plano-concave mirror 15 be coated with it is high to fundamental frequency light anti-, it is high to frequency doubled light
Permeable membrane；Single-frequency laser 3 produces the fundamental frequency light of specific wavelength, and optical resonator 2 is injected into through power governor 4, and beam splitter 5 will
The fundamental frequency light 11 and frequency doubled light 10 of the output of optical resonator 2 are separated, and wherein fundamental frequency light 11 is injected into photodetector 6；Light electrical resistivity survey
The output signal for surveying device 6 is input to the transmission spectrum that oscillograph 7 records optical resonator 2；The low-frequency sweep of the output of signal generator 8
Signal, loads on the piezoelectric ceramics for sticking in the first plano-concave mirror 14 after amplifying through high-voltage amplifier 9, scans optical resonator 2
Chamber it is long.
Implementation method two：Fig. 2 show the dress that the present invention is measured to nonlinear crystal thermal focal length in standing-wave cavity
Put, including nonlinear crystal 1, optical resonator 2, single-frequency laser 3, power governor 4, beam splitter 5, photodetector 6, show
Ripple device 7, signal generator 8, high-voltage amplifier 9.Tested nonlinear crystal is welded by vacuum indium by the thin cladding of indium and is placed in red copper control
In warm stove, it is placed at the minimum waist spot of resonator, to ensure the transformation efficiency of maximum, temperature control furnace uses TEC
(TEC) temperature control is carried out, temperature-controlled precision is 0.1 DEG C, to realize optimum phase matching；Optical resonator 2 is standing wave cavity configuration,
It is made up of the peaceful concave mirror 17 of concave and convex lenses 16, concave and convex lenses 16 are coated with to fundamental frequency light has certain transmissivity and to frequency doubled light reverse high, puts down
Concave mirror 17 be coated with it is high to fundamental frequency light anti-, to frequency doubled light mould high；Single-frequency laser 3 produces the fundamental frequency light of specific wavelength, through power
Adjuster 4 is injected into optical resonator 2, and the fundamental frequency light 11 and frequency doubled light 10 that beam splitter 5 exports optical resonator 2 are separated, its
Middle fundamental frequency light 11 is injected into photodetector 6 and is converted into electric signal；The output signal of photodetector 6 is input to oscillograph 7 and remembers
Record the transmission spectrum of optical resonator 2；The low-frequency sweep signal of the output of signal generator 8, loads on after amplifying through high-voltage amplifier 9
Stick on the piezoelectric ceramics of plano-concave mirror 17, the chamber for scanning optical resonator 2 is long.
Tested nonlinear crystal 1 is MgO:PPSLT crystal, size is 0.8 × 2 × 10mm3, both ends of the surface are coated with 795nm
And 397.5nm high-reflecting films, polarization cycle is 9.23 μm；Optical resonator 2 is " 8 " word loop configuration, and the first level crossing 12 is right
795nm light transmissions are 11%, anti-Input coupling mirror high to 397.5nm light, the second level crossing 13 be to 795nm light and
397.5nm light anti-level crossing high, the first plano-concave mirror 14 is to 795nm light and 397.5nm light anti-plano-concave mirror high, curvature
Radius is 100mm, and the second plano-concave mirror 15 is high to 795nm light anti-, 397.5nm light plano-concave mirror high, and radius of curvature is 100mm；
Single-frequency laser 3 is that output wavelength is the ti sapphire laser of 795nm；Power controller 4 is by half-wave plate and polarization splitting prism
Composition；Photodetector 6 is used to detect 795nm light transmissions peak, model S3399, and oscillograph 7 is used to monitor that detector is detected
Signal, with record it is different injection pump powers under transmission spectrums.When the laser power in injection optics resonator 2 is 1.957W
When, record the transmission spectrum of optical resonator.Measurement obtains the side-play amount of optical resonator resonant frequency
105MHz, using formula
It is 19.1 to calculate the total mismatching angle Ψ of optical resonator, and wherein light velocity c is 3 × 108M/s, optical resonator chamber
L long is 534mm, the length L of nonlinear crystalCIt is 10mm, the refractive index n of nonlinear crystal is 2.178, optics during without fuel factor
The fineness F of resonator is 50.According to crystal to the absorption coefficient 4.6%cm of frequency doubled light-1, with reference to formulaCalculate that to absorb the mismatching angle Θ that causes of frequency doubled light be 0.6, using formula Δ=Ψ-Θ can by again
The mismatching angle Δ that frequency photoinduction fundamental frequency light absorbs cause is 18.5, wherein, PfIt is 18.7mW, thermal conductivity KCIt is 8.4W/mK, heat
Backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio dn/dT is 2.6 × 10-5K-1, fundamental frequency light wavelength XωIt is 795nm.Recycle formulaCalculate
The thermal focal length for obtaining nonlinear crystal is 2.8mm, and wherein waist spot radius ω is 42.18 μm, while, it is possible to use the Δ tried to achieve
With reference to formulaDraw the 397.5nm photoinduction 795nm absorption coefficients of light for 5.36%/
cm.It is the thermal focal length and nonlinear crystal of nonlinear crystal under measurable different injecting powers with same method
The absorption coefficient of 397.5nm photoinduction 795nm light.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN108469335A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-31 | 中国科学技术大学 | A method of measuring frequency doubling cavity shg efficiency |
| CN109323852A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-12 | 清华大学 | A laser frequency doubling crystal frequency conversion efficiency measurement system and performance characterization method |
| CN110865053A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-06 | 山西大学 | Apparatus and method for measuring energy transfer up-conversion heat load in laser gain crystals |
| CN112130395A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-25 | 山西大学 | A monolithic optical resonator for frequency conversion |
| CN114614332A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-10 | 温州激光与光电子协同创新中心 | Non-resonant ring collision frequency doubling device |
| CN115128001A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-30 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Wavelength-coded probe light generating device |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108469335A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-31 | 中国科学技术大学 | A method of measuring frequency doubling cavity shg efficiency |
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| CN110865053A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-06 | 山西大学 | Apparatus and method for measuring energy transfer up-conversion heat load in laser gain crystals |
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| CN112130395A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-25 | 山西大学 | A monolithic optical resonator for frequency conversion |
| CN114614332A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-10 | 温州激光与光电子协同创新中心 | Non-resonant ring collision frequency doubling device |
| CN115128001A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-30 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Wavelength-coded probe light generating device |
| CN115128001B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-04-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Wavelength-coded probe light generator |
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