CN106699461A - Compost material composition and composting method for preparing culture medium - Google Patents
Compost material composition and composting method for preparing culture medium Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compost material composition for preparing a culture medium. The composition comprises kitchen waste, urban sludge, sawdust, mushroom residues and perlite, wherein the compost material has a moisture content of 55-65 percent and a carbon-nitrogen-ratio range of (25:1)-(35:1), wherein the kitchen waste has a moisture content of 65-85 percent, and the urban sludge has a moisture content of 55-80 percent, in weight measurement. According to the compost material composition, sawdust and mushroom residues are added into a kitchen waste and urban sludge composting process; the added sawdust is favorable to heating and sterilizing of the compost and increasing the content of organic matters in the compost, so that sludge can be integrally fluffy, the venting quality can be improved, and the matrix density can be reduced; addition of mushroom residues brings rich strains, and is favorable to fermentation calefaction and quick decomposition of the compost; and the composted product has a carbon-nitrogen ratio of (14:1)-(10:1) and a pH value maintained between weak acidity and weak alkalinity, which are in accordance with the standard of garden planting matrix soil, and can be directly used as garden planting matrix soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to composting technology field, and in particular to a kind of compost material composition for making cultivation matrix and
Compost method.
Background technology
The rubbish from cooking content of organic matter is high, and it is current more use that Composting treatment and biogas fermentation generating are carried out to it
Resource mode, but the moisture content of rubbish from cooking is general higher, and the percolate treatment produced after direct compost or fermentation is more difficult.Need
Other allogenic materials are added to be adjusted.At present, it is more including the consumer garbage compost technical research including rubbish from cooking, it is right
Compost percolate, foul smell generation and the control of nutrient loss are still the emphasis and problem of research.
With social development progress, town domestic sewage yield is significantly increased, corresponding sewage treatment technology day
Beneficial ripe, sewage treatment capacity grows steadily；At the same time, the increase of sludge quantity and Treatment of Sludge ability fall behind both contradiction
Gradually protrude.Because China's specific resistance to filtration research is started late, limited by many policies in addition, its compost resource reality
Using less.At present, the specific resistance to filtration mode of China is more, typically using modes, a small number of sludge such as sanitary landfills, burnings
Carry out for soil improvement after compost, but on sludge further with research it is less, the resource utilization rate of city sludge
It is relatively low.
The content of the invention
It is dirty to solve cities and towns present invention aim at there is provided a kind of compost material composition for making cultivation matrix
Mud resource utilization rate problem not high so that rubbish from cooking can make after compost with city sludge as Chinese garden planting substrate soil
With.
The present invention also provides a kind of compost method for making cultivation matrix.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of compost material composition for making cultivation matrix, including rubbish from cooking, city sludge, wood chip, mushroom
Slag and perlite.
The present invention makes full use of the Organic nutrient in rubbish from cooking and city sludge, and different water cut complementation
Regulation, carries out nutrition composition regulation and physical arrangement is adjusted by wood chip, mushroom slag and perlite, carries out aerobic compost preparation
Afforestation substrate soil.Wherein increased wood chip had both contributed to the intensification of compost to sterilize, while also increase compost organic matter containing
Amount, also makes sludge integrally fluffy, increased venting quality, reduces matrix unit weight, is conducive to the growth of ornamental plant；Wherein add
Perlite, as the structural framework of substrate soil, the problem of ventilation capacity difference in traditional sludge compost is effectively improved, while also subtracting
Lack the loss of nutrient in composting process, reduced overall unit weight and EC values, while increased venting quality, improve planting matrix
The quality and physical strength of matter, are conducive to the utilization of later stage substrate soil, it is to avoid substrate soil is hardened；The addition of mushroom slag both brought
Abundant strain, while being conducive to the fermentation calefaction of compost and the quick composting of compost.
The addition of multiple auxiliary materials, on the one hand have adjusted material original physical electrochemical conditions, it is ensured that composting process smoothly enter
OK；On the other hand, mushroom slag and wood chip have certain culvert water, sustained release nutrient ability, and the moisture that composting process is produced will not be big
Amount diafiltration, but lasting transmission evaporation is scattered and disappeared at a high temperature of heap body itself, while reducing the loss of heap fertilizer nutrient, the method
The compost quality of production can be utilized with soil directly as Chinese garden planting substrate soil, and auxiliary substance is additionally added without the later stage.
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of product is 14 after compost:1 to 10:Between 1, pH value is maintained between faintly acid and alkalescent, is accorded with
Chinese garden planting substrate soil standard is closed, can be used directly as Chinese garden planting substrate soil.
The moisture content of described compost material is 55%~65%, and the content of organic matter is 50~70%, carbon-nitrogen ratio scope
It is 25:1~35:1, the wherein moisture content of rubbish from cooking is 65%~85%, and the moisture content of city sludge is 55%~80%, is pressed
Weight metering.
The moisture content of rubbish from cooking is 65%~75%, and city sludge moisture content is 65%~80%, the matter of rubbish from cooking
Amount ratio is 50%~60%, and the mass ratio of city sludge is 20%~25%, and the mass ratio of wood chip is 6%~12%,
The mass ratio of mushroom slag is 6%~12%, and the mass ratio of perlite is 1%~2%.Wherein city sludge uses conventional belt
Formula squeezer or the sludge of centrifugal dehydrator dehydration.
The moisture content of rubbish from cooking is 75%~85%, and city sludge moisture content is 55%~65%, the matter of rubbish from cooking
Amount ratio is 58%~65%, and the mass ratio of city sludge is 15%~20%, and the mass ratio of wood chip is 8%~15%,
The mass ratio of mushroom slag is 5%~10%, and the mass ratio of perlite is 1.5%~2.5%.Wherein, city sludge is used
Nurse one's health the sludge of press dewatering.
The particle size range of the rubbish from cooking is 1~2cm；The particle size range of city sludge is 3~8mm；The wood chip, bacterium
The particle size range of mushroom slag and perlite is respectively：0.5~1.5cm, 2~5mm and 1~3mm.
A kind of compost method for making cultivation matrix, it is comprised the following steps：
A) by after the full and uniform mixing according to a certain percentage of rubbish from cooking, city sludge, wood chip, mushroom slag and perlite
As composting material；
B compost is carried out after) adding aerobic compost microbial inoculum to composting material；
C room temperature) is down to after the temperature of compost rises, compost is completed, the compost for obtaining as cultivation matrix.
Wherein, the overall moisture content of composting material is 55%~65%, and carbon-nitrogen ratio scope is 25:1~35:1, wherein food waste
The moisture content of rubbish is 65%~85%, and the moisture content of city sludge is 60%~80%, by weight；At the same time, exist
Step C) in, when room temperature is down to after the temperature of compost rises and compost moisture content is less than 40%, compost is completed.
The moisture content of rubbish from cooking is 65%~75%, and city sludge moisture content is 65%~80%, the matter of rubbish from cooking
Amount ratio is 50%~60%, and the mass ratio of city sludge is 20%~25%, and the mass ratio of wood chip is 6%~12%,
The mass ratio of mushroom slag is 6%~12%, and the mass ratio of perlite is 1%~2%.Wherein city sludge uses conventional belt
Formula squeezer or the sludge of centrifugal dehydrator dehydration.
The moisture content of rubbish from cooking is 75%~85%, and city sludge moisture content is 55%~65%, the matter of rubbish from cooking
Amount ratio is 58%~65%, and the mass ratio of city sludge is 15%~20%, and the mass ratio of wood chip is 8%~15%,
The mass ratio of mushroom slag is 5%~10%, and the mass ratio of perlite is 1.5%~2.5%.Wherein, city sludge is used
Nurse one's health the sludge of press dewatering.
The composting cycle of this method is 20 days to 30 days, and intermittent aeration treatment is carried out to heap body during compost, every 40~
50min divulges information once, and each ventilation time is 10~20min, and turns within every 2~7 days and push away once.
The maximum temperature of the compost is maintained at 55 DEG C~more than 65 DEG C and maintains 3 to 10 days.
The draft type of the compost is forced ventilation, and ventilation airflow volume is 5~7m3/ h ﹒ m3, air pressure be 1~
2.5kPa。
The injected volume of the aerobic compost microbial inoculum is the 0.1%~0.2% of composting material quality.
Heap body oxygen concentration everywhere is maintained between 10~12% in the composting process.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
The present invention adds wood chip and mushroom slag in rubbish from cooking and city sludge composting process, and increased wood chip was both helped
Sterilized in the intensification of compost, while also increasing the compost content of organic matter, also make sludge integrally fluffy, increased venting quality, dropped
Low matrix unit weight；The addition of mushroom slag both brought abundant strain, while being conducive to the fermentation calefaction and compost of compost
Quick composting；The carbon-nitrogen ratio of product is 14 after compost:1 to 10:Between 1, pH value is maintained between faintly acid and alkalescent, is accorded with
Chinese garden planting substrate soil standard is closed, can be used directly as Chinese garden planting substrate soil.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the heap temperature variation diagram of Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the heap body pH value variation diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is the heap body moisture content and the comparison diagram of carbon-nitrogen ratio before and after the compost of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is the heap temperature variation diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 3 and comparative example 1；
Fig. 5 is the heap temperature variation diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 4 and comparative example 2；
Fig. 6 is the heap temperature variation diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 5；
Fig. 7 is the heap temperature of comparative example 3 and the variation diagram of moisture content；
Fig. 8 is the heap temperature of comparative example 4 and the variation diagram of moisture content.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.It is understood that tool described herein
Body embodiment is used only for explaining the present invention, rather than limitation of the invention.It also should be noted that, for the ease of retouching
State, part rather than full content related to the present invention is illustrate only in accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
Particle diameter is respectively rubbish from cooking 0.60t, the city of 1~2cm, 3~8mm, 0.5~1.5cm, 2~5mm and 1~3mm
Town sludge 0.18t, wood chip 0.10t, mushroom slag 0.10t and perlite 0.02t uniformly mix, and add 1kg aerobic compost microbial inoculums.
Especially, composting material mass ratio presses butt Mass Calculation.Wherein, rubbish from cooking moisture content 65%, city sludge moisture content
80%.The initial temperature of heap body is determined for room temperature, moisture content are that 55%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25:1, the content of organic matter for 50~
70%.Interval forced ventilation measure is taken heap body, and per 50min, ventilation once, leads to 15min, wherein ventilation airflow volume every time
It is 5~7m3/ h ﹒ m3, air pressure is 1~2.5kPa；Oxygen concentration is maintained between 10~12%.Per 3d turnings once, turning
The front and rear upper, middle and lower portion to heap body carries out temperature measuring, and temperature is kept for more than 55 DEG C and maintained 10 days.According to measure heap body oxygen
Gas concentration value and temperature value can suitably increase or decrease ventilation time.Room temperature is down to after the temperature of compost rises, compost is completed,
The accumulation compost time is 25 days, and it is 35% to finally obtain the moisture content of composting production, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 14:1.
In composting process, record is measured to heap body mixture ph, temperature daily, it is aqueous before and after temperature, pH, compost
Rate changes as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 3.And control is monitored to heap body moisture content, in the heap body temperature rise period, when heap body is aqueous
When rate is less than 40%, moisturizing to 45% calculates rate of water make-up according to moisture content and inventory, and turning operation is carried out while moisturizing.
Without moisturizing after into temperature-fall period.
Shown in Fig. 1, in compost 3d, heap temperature is to rise to 60 DEG C or so to the present embodiment, then controls composting conditionses,
Heap temperature is gradually reduced in 55 DEG C of 10d maintained above, subsequent compost temperature.Treat fully to become thoroughly decomposed to compost and terminate, heap temperature
It is 28 DEG C, remains above 25 DEG C of initial compost temperature, this is relevant with wherein microbial activities after compost maturity.By the temperature of composting process
Degree change understands that compost method of the present invention disclosure satisfy that compost fully becomes thoroughly decomposed condition, and composting production meets correlation
Standard.
It is the pH value variation diagram of heap body material in the composting process of embodiment 1, it can be seen that in composting process shown in Fig. 2
In, the pH value of mixed material is maintained between 6.44~7.78, is slightly decreased in the pH value of compost early stage, with entering for compost
OK, heap body pH value slowly rises, at the end of be 7.78.Due to the sub- adjustment effect of microorganism, the pH value of mixed material is maintained
Between faintly acid and alkalescent, the pH value of composting production reaches the standard of Chinese garden planting substrate soil.
It is the comparison diagram of the heap body moisture content and carbon-nitrogen ratio (hereinafter referred to as C/N ratios) before and after compost shown in Fig. 3, can sees
Go out, before and after compost, the moisture content of heap body is decreased obviously, and product moisture content meets Chinese garden planting substrate soil standard.C/N ratios by
Initial 25:1 is reduced to 14:1, it follows that the organic matter degradation rate of composting material is high.
Embodiment 2
Particle diameter is respectively rubbish from cooking 0.50t, the city of 1~2cm, 3~8mm, 0.5~1.5cm, 2~5mm and 1~3mm
Town sludge 0.25t, wood chip 0.12t, mushroom slag 0.12t and perlite 0.01t uniformly mix, and add 1.5kg aerobic compost bacterium
Agent.Especially, composting material mass ratio presses butt Mass Calculation.Wherein, rubbish from cooking moisture content 80%, city sludge is aqueous
Rate 65%.The initial temperature of heap body is determined for room temperature, moisture content are that 58%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 35:1, the content of organic matter for 50~
70%.Interval forced ventilation measure is taken heap body, and per 40min, ventilation once, leads to 10min, wherein ventilation airflow volume every time
It is 5~7m3/ h ﹒ m3, air pressure is 1~2.5kPa；Oxygen concentration is maintained between 10~12%.Per 5d turnings once, turning
The front and rear upper, middle and lower portion to heap body carries out temperature measuring, and temperature is kept for more than 60 DEG C and maintained 5 days.According to measure heap body oxygen
Concentration value and temperature value can suitably increase or decrease ventilation time.Heap body mean temperature enters after less than 40 DEG C becomes thoroughly decomposed the stage,
Room temperature is down to after the temperature of compost rises, compost is completed, and adds up compost time 22d, composting production moisture content is 37%, carbon nitrogen
Than being 10:1.
In composting process, record is measured to heap body mixture ph, temperature daily, its temperature change is as shown in Figure 1.
And control is monitored to heap body moisture content, in the heap body temperature rise period, when heap body moisture content is less than 40%, moisturizing to 45%,
Rate of water make-up is calculated according to moisture content and inventory, turning operation is carried out while moisturizing.Without moisturizing after into temperature-fall period.
Embodiment 3
Particle diameter is respectively rubbish from cooking 0.52t, the city of 1~2cm, 3~8mm, 0.5~1.5cm, 2~5mm and 1~3mm
Town sludge 0.23t, wood chip 0.12t, mushroom slag 0.12t and perlite 0.01t uniformly mix, and add 2.0kg aerobic compost bacterium
Agent.Especially, composting material mass ratio presses butt Mass Calculation.Wherein, rubbish from cooking moisture content 85%, city sludge is aqueous
Rate 55%.Heap body initial temperature is determined for room temperature, moisture content are that 60%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 30:1, the content of organic matter for 50~
70%.Interval forced ventilation measure is taken heap body, and per 40min, ventilation once, leads to 10min, wherein ventilation airflow volume every time
It is 5~7m3/ h ﹒ m3, air pressure is 1~2.5kPa；Oxygen concentration is maintained between 10~12%.Per 5d turnings once, turning
The front and rear upper, middle and lower portion to heap body carries out temperature measuring, and temperature is kept for more than 65 DEG C and maintained 3 days.According to measure heap body oxygen
Concentration value and temperature value can suitably increase or decrease ventilation time.Heap body mean temperature enters after less than 40 DEG C becomes thoroughly decomposed the stage,
Room temperature is down to after the temperature of compost rises, compost is completed, and adds up compost time 20d, composting production moisture content is 35%, carbon nitrogen
Than being 10:1.
Contrastively, as the comparative example of embodiment 3, comparative example 1, it is carried out according to compost scheme described in embodiment 3
Compost, unlike, comparative example 1 is without aerobic compost microbial inoculum.Comparative example 1 is same in the composting production for reaching embodiment 3
, it is necessary to accumulative compost time 30d under quality condition.
In composting process, compost heap body mixture ph daily to two contrasts, temperature are measured and record.And to heap
Body moisture content is monitored control, in the heap body temperature rise period, when heap body moisture content is less than 40%, and moisturizing to 45%, according to containing
Water rate and inventory calculate rate of water make-up, and turning operation is carried out while moisturizing.Without moisturizing after into temperature-fall period.
As shown in figure 4, being embodiment 3 and the composting process temperature change of comparative example 1.As can be seen that being not added with aerobic heap
The comparative example of fertile microbial inoculum, its compost temperature increase ratio embodiment 3 is slow, and 60 DEG C were risen at the 5th day, and embodiment 3 is then
62 DEG C were risen at the 3rd day.In addition, the composting cycle of comparative example is longer.Thus, it can be known that aerobic compost microbial inoculum can improve heap
The efficiency of fertilizer, accelerates the intensification of compost.
Embodiment 4
Particle diameter is respectively rubbish from cooking 0.65t, the city of 1~2cm, 3~8mm, 0.5~1.5cm, 2~5mm and 1~3mm
Town sludge 0.20t, wood chip 0.08t, mushroom slag 0.05t and perlite 0.02t uniformly mix, and add 2.0kg aerobic compost bacterium
Agent.Especially, composting material mass ratio presses butt Mass Calculation.Wherein, rubbish from cooking moisture content 65%, city sludge is aqueous
Rate 55%.The initial temperature of heap body is determined for room temperature, moisture content are that 55%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25:1, the content of organic matter for 50~
70%.Interval forced ventilation measure is taken heap body, and per 40min, ventilation once, leads to 10min, wherein ventilation airflow volume every time
It is 5~7m3/ h ﹒ m3, air pressure is 1~2.5kPa；Oxygen concentration is maintained between 10~12%.Per 5d turnings once, turning
The front and rear upper, middle and lower portion to heap body carries out temperature measuring, and temperature is kept for more than 65 DEG C and maintained 3 days.According to measure heap body oxygen
Concentration value and temperature value can suitably increase or decrease ventilation time.Heap body mean temperature enters after less than 40 DEG C becomes thoroughly decomposed the stage,
Room temperature is down to after the temperature of compost rises, compost is completed, and adds up compost time 20d, composting production moisture content is 36%, carbon nitrogen
Than being 10:1.
Contrastively, as the comparative example of embodiment 4, comparative example 2, it is carried out according to compost scheme described in embodiment 4
Compost, unlike, comparative example 2 is without mushroom slag and wood chip.Will particle diameter be respectively 1~2cm, 3~8mm, 0.5~
1.5cm, 2~5mm, the rubbish from cooking 0.68t of 1~3mm, city sludge 0.30t, perlite 0.02t uniformly mix, and apply
2.0kg aerobic compost microbial inoculums.Especially, composting material mass ratio presses butt Mass Calculation.Wherein, rubbish from cooking moisture content
65%, city sludge moisture content 55%.Heap body initial temperature is determined for room temperature, moisture content are that 55%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25:1, it is organic
The content of matter is 50~70%.Interval forced ventilation measure is taken heap body, and per 40min, ventilation once, leads to 10min every time, its
Middle ventilation airflow volume is 5~7m3/ h ﹒ m3, air pressure is 1~2.5kPa；Oxygen concentration is maintained between 10~12%.Often
Once, the upper, middle and lower portion before and after turning to heap body carries out temperature measuring, and temperature is kept for more than 65 DEG C and maintained 3 days for 5d turnings.
Ventilation time can be suitably increased or decreased according to heap body oxygen density value and temperature value is determined.When heap body mean temperature is less than 40 DEG C
Enter afterwards and become thoroughly decomposed the stage, room temperature is down to after the temperature of compost rises, compost is completed, composting production moisture content is 39%, carbon nitrogen
Than being 10:1.Accumulative compost time 30d.
In composting process, compost heap body mixture ph daily to two contrasts, temperature are measured and record.And to heap
Body moisture content is monitored control, in the heap body temperature rise period, when heap body moisture content is less than 40%, and moisturizing to 45%, according to containing
Water rate and inventory calculate rate of water make-up, and turning operation is carried out while moisturizing.Without moisturizing after into temperature-fall period.
Contrasted by embodiment 4 and comparative example 2, be not added with the composting cycle of comparative example 2 of mushroom slag and wood chip than real
Example 4 is applied to grow, and composting production moisture content is higher than embodiment 4.Composting cycle comparative example 2 is more long than embodiment 4, latter temperature fluctuation compared with
Greatly, because comparative example 2 is not added with mushroom slag and wood chip, heap body opening gap and organic matter skewness are caused, turning operation promotees
Enter the degraded activity of microorganism, cause temperature fluctuation larger；It is because comparative example 2 is not added with bacterium and composting production moisture content is high
Mushroom slag and wood chip, mushroom slag and wood chip have certain culvert water, sustained release nutrient ability, and the moisture that composting process is produced will not be a large amount of
Diafiltration, but lasting transmission evaporation is scattered and disappeared at a high temperature of heap body itself.
As shown in figure 5, being embodiment 4 and the composting process temperature change of comparative example 2.As can be seen that being not added with mushroom slag
With the comparative example 2 of wood chip, its compost temperature rise to more than 55 DEG C with embodiment 4 differ one day, this is added with both of which
Oxygen compost bacterium is relevant.
Table 1, is embodiment 4 and the full nitrogen change record sheet of the material in composting process of comparative example 2, it can be seen that compost mistake
Cheng Zhong, the full nitrogen relative reduction 14.13% of embodiment 4, comparative example 2 reduces about 43%.In compost 20d, the full nitrogen of comparative example 2
30.12% is have dropped, the reduction speed for being not added with the full nitrogen of compost of the comparative example 2 of mushroom slag and wood chip is higher than embodiment 4.Explanation
Addition mushroom slag and wood chip contribute to control aerobic composting process nitrogen nutrient to be lost in.
The composting process total nitrogen content of table 1 changes record sheet unit (g/kg)
| Compost number of days | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 30 |
| Embodiment 4 | 21.07 | 20.94 | 20.60 | 20.01 | 19.90 | 19.11 | 18.50 | 18.35 | 18.26 | 18.18 | 18.09 | / | / | / | / | / |
| Comparative example 2 | 19.82 | 19.76 | 19.12 | 18.00 | 17.32 | 16.73 | 16.04 | 15.38 | 14.83 | 14.50 | 13.85 | 13.43 | 12.81 | 12.18 | 11.42 | 11.38 |
Embodiment 5
Particle diameter is respectively rubbish from cooking 0.65t, the city of 1~2cm, 3~8mm, 0.5~1.5cm, 2~5mm and 1~3mm
Town sludge 0.20t, wood chip 0.08t, mushroom slag 0.05t and perlite 0.02t uniformly mix, and apply 2.0kg aerobic compost bacterium
Agent.Especially, composting material mass ratio presses butt Mass Calculation.Wherein, rubbish from cooking moisture content 75%, city sludge is aqueous
Rate 80%.The initial temperature of heap body is determined for room temperature, moisture content are that 65%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25:1, the content of organic matter for 50~
70%.Interval forced ventilation measure is taken heap body, and per 40min, ventilation once, leads to 10min, wherein ventilation airflow volume every time
It is 5~7m3/ h ﹒ m3, air pressure is 1~2.5kPa；Oxygen concentration is maintained between 10~12%.Per 5d turnings once, turning
The front and rear upper, middle and lower portion to heap body carries out temperature measuring, and temperature is kept for more than 65 DEG C and maintained 3 days.According to measure heap body oxygen
Concentration value and temperature value can suitably increase or decrease ventilation time.Heap body mean temperature enters after less than 40 DEG C becomes thoroughly decomposed the stage,
Room temperature is down to after the temperature of compost rises, compost is completed, and adds up compost time 28d, composting production moisture content is 38%, carbon nitrogen
Than being 11:1.
In composting process, record is measured to heap body mixture ph, temperature daily, its temperature change is as shown in Figure 6.
And control is monitored to heap body moisture content, in the heap body temperature rise period, when heap body moisture content is less than 40%, moisturizing to 45%,
Rate of water make-up is calculated according to moisture content and inventory, turning operation is carried out while moisturizing.Without moisturizing after into temperature-fall period.
On the premise of 65%, in composting process, temperature reaches 3d, 55 to the moisture content of Fig. 6 explanation embodiments 5 more than 65 DEG C
There is 8d more than DEG C, meet compost hazard-free standard.Compared to other initial aqueous rates correspondence embodiment, the compost week of embodiment 5
Phase is slightly long, while the raising and lowering of temperature is relatively delayed.
Comparative example 3
Particle diameter is respectively rubbish from cooking 0.42t, the city of 1~2cm, 3~8mm, 0.5~1.5cm, 2~5mm and 1~3mm
Town sludge 0.36t, wood chip 0.10t, mushroom slag 0.10t and perlite 0.02t uniformly mix, and apply 1kg aerobic compost microbial inoculums.
Especially, composting material mass ratio presses butt Mass Calculation.Wherein, rubbish from cooking moisture content 65%, city sludge moisture content
80%.The initial temperature of heap body is determined for room temperature, moisture content are that 58%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20:1, the content of organic matter for 50~
70%.Interval forced ventilation measure is taken heap body, and per 50min, ventilation once, leads to 15min, wherein ventilation airflow volume every time
It is 5~7m3/ h ﹒ m3, air pressure is 1~2.5kPa；Oxygen concentration is maintained between 10~12%.Per 3d turnings once, turning
The front and rear upper, middle and lower portion to heap body carries out temperature measuring, and temperature is kept for more than 55 DEG C and maintained 10 days.According to measure heap body oxygen
Gas concentration value and temperature value can suitably increase or decrease ventilation time.Room temperature is down to after the temperature of compost rises, compost is completed,
Accumulative compost time 30d, composting production moisture content is 42%, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 14:1.
In composting process, record is measured to heap body mixture ph, temperature daily.The comparative example 3 is in composting process
In temperature, pH changes it is as shown in Figure 7.The content of the full nitrogen of mixture is determined in composting process simultaneously, as shown in table 2.And to heap
Body moisture content is monitored control, in the heap body temperature rise period, when heap body moisture content is less than 40%, and moisturizing to 45%, according to containing
Water rate and inventory calculate rate of water make-up, and turning operation is carried out while moisturizing.Without moisturizing after into temperature-fall period.
Comparative example 4
Particle diameter is respectively rubbish from cooking 0.70t, the city of 1~2cm, 3~8mm, 0.5~1.5cm, 2~5mm and 1~3mm
Town sludge 0.10t, wood chip 0.04t, mushroom slag 0.04t and perlite 0.12t uniformly mix, and apply 1kg aerobic compost microbial inoculums.
Especially, composting material mass ratio presses butt Mass Calculation.Wherein, rubbish from cooking moisture content 75%, city sludge moisture content
65%.The initial temperature of heap body is determined for room temperature, moisture content are that 60%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 18:1, the content of organic matter for 50~
70%.Interval forced ventilation measure is taken heap body, and per 50min, ventilation once, leads to 15min, wherein ventilation airflow volume every time
It is 5~7m3/ h ﹒ m3, air pressure is 1~2.5kPa；Oxygen concentration is maintained between 10~12%.Per 3d turnings once, turning
The front and rear upper, middle and lower portion to heap body carries out temperature measuring, and temperature is kept for more than 55 DEG C and maintained 10 days.According to measure heap body oxygen
Gas concentration value and temperature value can suitably increase or decrease ventilation time.Room temperature is down to after the temperature of compost rises, compost is completed,
Accumulative compost time 30d, composting production moisture content is 30%, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 10:1.
In composting process, record is measured to heap body mixture ph, temperature daily, the comparative example is in composting process
Temperature, pH changes it is as shown in Figure 8.The content of the full nitrogen of mixture is determined in composting process simultaneously, as shown in table 2.And to heap body
Moisture content is monitored control, in heap body temperature rise period, when heap body moisture content is less than 40%, moisturizing to 42%, according to aqueous
Rate and inventory calculate rate of water make-up, and turning operation is carried out while moisturizing.Without moisturizing after into temperature-fall period.
The comparative example 3 of table 2 and the composting process total nitrogen content of comparative example 4 change record sheet unit (g/kg)
| Compost number of days | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 30 |
| Comparative example 3 | 19.74 | 19.62 | 17.59 | 16.85 | 16.76 | 16.09 | 15.58 | 15.45 | 15.38 | 15.22 | 15.07 | 14.91 | 14.76 | 14.61 | 14.47 | 14.32 |
| Comparative example 4 | 15.85 | 15.81 | 14.73 | 12.08 | 11.62 | 11.23 | 10.76 | 10.32 | 9.95 | 9.85 | 9.75 | 9.65 | 9.55 | 9.46 | 9.36 | 9.27 |
The mass ratio of the rubbish from cooking and city sludge of comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 not in research range of the present invention,
Wherein, sludge and rubbish from cooking ratio are more than embodiment or less than embodiment.Comparative example 3 and right can be seen that by Fig. 7 and Fig. 8
The heap temperature of ratio 4 rises to more than 55 DEG C in the 5th talent, but the amplitude that the temperature of comparative example 4 rises is higher than comparative example 3.By
Temperature change and water-cut variation in composting process find out that the heap body moisture content of comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 declines in high temperature section
Most fast, into after temperature descending section, the moisture content of comparative example 3 does not significantly decrease in 40 DEG C or so fluctuations, and comparative example 4 is above
The final moisture content of the embodiment of the present invention.The composting production moisture content of comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 is both greater than the embodiment of the present invention
, this shows that the moisture content of composting production is relevant with the composition of composting material, if one reason for this is that sludge content is excessive,
The overall porosity of heap body can be caused to decline or uneven, the water windage of heap body is uneven in composting process, and causes that compost is produced
The moisture content of product is too high.
Meanwhile, the explanation of the data of table 2, comparative example 3 and the total nitrogen content change in composting process of comparative example 4 are obvious, in high temperature
Section down ratio about 20% and 37%, finally declines about 27%, 41% respectively, and the fall of the total nitrogen content of comparative example 3 is low
In the compost for being not added with wood chip and mushroom slag completely.And comparative example 4 due to each composting material ratio not within the scope of the present invention,
The adding proportion of perlite is larger, and the overall porosity of mixture is larger, therefore, the nutrient of comparative example 4 scatters and disappears than comparative example 3 more
Greatly.Because the wood chip of comparative example 3 and the content of mushroom slag are higher than comparative example 4, this contributes to the reservation of nutrient.
In above-described embodiment, described aerobic compost microbial inoculum is organic compost composite bacteria agent, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria,
Lipolysis bacterium, protein decomposing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium, starch decomposer etc..And the wood chip described in above-described embodiment
The high-carbon biomass such as bark, stalk can be used carries out replacing whole or part replacement, can equally reach the purpose of the present invention.
The present invention makes full use of the Organic nutrient in rubbish from cooking and city sludge, and different water cut complementation
Regulation, carries out nutrition composition regulation and physical arrangement is adjusted by wood chip, mushroom slag and perlite, carries out aerobic compost preparation
Afforestation substrate soil.Wherein increased wood chip had both contributed to the intensification of compost to sterilize, while also increase compost organic matter containing
Amount, also makes sludge integrally fluffy, increased venting quality, reduces matrix unit weight, is conducive to the growth of ornamental plant；Wherein add
Perlite, as the structural framework of substrate soil, the problem of ventilation capacity difference in traditional sludge compost is effectively improved, while also subtracting
Lack the loss of nutrient in composting process, reduced overall unit weight and EC values, while increased venting quality, improve planting matrix
The quality and physical strength of matter, are conducive to the utilization of later stage substrate soil, it is to avoid substrate soil is hardened；The addition of mushroom slag both brought
Abundant strain, while being conducive to the fermentation calefaction of compost and the quick composting of compost.
The addition of multiple auxiliary materials, on the one hand have adjusted material original physical electrochemical conditions, it is ensured that composting process smoothly enter
OK；On the other hand, mushroom slag and wood chip have certain culvert water, sustained release nutrient ability, and the moisture that composting process is produced will not be big
Amount diafiltration, but lasting transmission evaporation is scattered and disappeared at a high temperature of heap body itself, while reducing the loss of heap fertilizer nutrient, the method
The compost quality of production can be utilized with soil directly as Chinese garden planting substrate soil, and auxiliary substance is additionally added without the later stage.
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of product is 14 after compost:1 to 10:Between 1, pH value is maintained between faintly acid and alkalescent, is accorded with
Chinese garden planting substrate soil standard is closed, can be used directly as Chinese garden planting substrate soil.
Above-listed detailed description is directed to illustrating for possible embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiment simultaneously is not used to limit this hair
Bright the scope of the claims, all equivalence enforcements or change without departing from carried out by the present invention are intended to be limited solely by the scope of the claims of this case.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of compost material composition for making cultivation matrix, it is characterised in that：The compost material composition includes
Rubbish from cooking, city sludge, wood chip, mushroom slag and perlite.
2. the compost material composition for making cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described heap
The moisture content of fertile material is 55%~65%, and the content of organic matter is 50~70%, and carbon-nitrogen ratio scope is 25:1~35:1, wherein
The moisture content of rubbish from cooking is 65%~85%, and the moisture content of city sludge is 55%~80%, by weight.
3. the compost material composition for making cultivation matrix according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Rubbish from cooking
Moisture content be 65%~75%, city sludge moisture content is 65%~80%, the mass ratio of rubbish from cooking for 50%~
60%, the mass ratio of city sludge is 20%~25%, and the mass ratio of wood chip is 6%~12%, the mass ratio of mushroom slag
Example is 6%~12%, and the mass ratio of perlite is 1%~2%.
4. the compost material composition for making cultivation matrix according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Rubbish from cooking
Moisture content be 75%~85%, city sludge moisture content is 55%~65%, the mass ratio of rubbish from cooking for 58%~
65%, the mass ratio of city sludge is 15%~20%, and the mass ratio of wood chip is 8%~15%, the mass ratio of mushroom slag
Example is 5%~10%, and the mass ratio of perlite is 1.5%~2.5%.
5. the compost material composition for making cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The food waste
The particle size range of rubbish is 1~2cm；The particle size range of city sludge is 3~8mm；The wood chip, mushroom slag and perlite
Particle size range is respectively：0.5~1.5cm, 2~5mm and 1~3mm.
6. a kind of compost method for making cultivation matrix, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
A) using any described compost material composition of claim 1 to 5 as composting material；
B compost is carried out after) adding aerobic compost microbial inoculum to composting material；
C room temperature) is down to after the temperature of compost rises, compost is completed, the compost for obtaining as cultivation matrix.
7. the compost method for making cultivation matrix according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Composting cycle is 20 days
To 30 days, intermittent aeration treatment is carried out to heap body during compost, every 40~50min ventilations once, each ventilation time is 10
~20min, and turn within every 2~7 days and push away once.
8. the compost method for making cultivation matrix according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The highest of the compost
Temperature is maintained at 55 DEG C~more than 65 DEG C and maintains 3 to 10 days.
9. the compost method for making cultivation matrix according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The aerobic compost bacterium
The injected volume of agent is the 0.1%~0.2% of composting material quality.
10. the compost method for making cultivation matrix according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The composting process
Middle heap body oxygen concentration everywhere is maintained between 10~12%.
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| CN114532168A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-05-27 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所(南京市花卉科学研究所) | Method for producing watermelon and melon seedling raising substrate by using kitchen garbage |
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