CN106699219A - 一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料及其烧制方法 - Google Patents
一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料及其烧制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000012671 ceramic insulating material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;silicic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010443 kyanite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052850 kyanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000000085 cashmere Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- BBXVGZSHLMEVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylsilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[SiH3] BBXVGZSHLMEVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- VDGJOQCBCPGFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-) silicon(4+) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Si+4].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] VDGJOQCBCPGFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 dodecyl silicon Alkane Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical group [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGWOWDFNMKCVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[O--].[Ti+4].[Ti+4] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Ti+4].[Ti+4] HGWOWDFNMKCVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
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- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
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Abstract
一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料及其烧制方法,该陶瓷绝缘材料由基料、填充料和制孔剂烧制而成,基料由煅烧高岭土、菱镁石粉、石英砂和绢云母组成,填充料由单质硅粉、活性氧化铝微粉、改性纳米二氧化硅和改性海泡石绒粉组成,制孔剂由碳化硅细粉、蓝晶石细粉和蛭石粉组成。本发明的材料中虽然含有一些开放型气孔(或称开口气孔),但也不会影响其强度,通过加入高温下体积膨胀的蓝晶石粉,使得开放型气孔明显缩小,从而在陶瓷内部和表面形成细小的气孔,从而助于烧制后的绝缘材料与其余绝缘材料的结合,如塑料和橡胶等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到电力系统的变压器,具体的说是一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料及其烧制方法。
背景技术
变压器是利用电磁感应的原理来改变交流电压的装置,主要构件是初级线圈、次级线圈和铁心(磁芯),主要功能有:电压变换、电流变换、阻抗变换、隔离、稳压(磁饱和变压器)等。电容式套管是将变压器内部的高压线引到油箱外部的出线装置,不仅作为引线的对地绝缘,而且还起着固定引线的作用,是变压器重要附件之一。
现有的电容式套管基本上是采用铜管外部包覆陶瓷绝缘材料制成的,但是现有的陶瓷绝缘材料仅仅是一般采用陶土、高岭土等烧制瓷器的材料烧制而成的,烧制而成的陶瓷绝缘材料与一般的陶瓷相比,并无明显的区别,仅仅是满足了绝缘和防水作用,缺乏一种专门用于制作变压器电容式套管的陶瓷绝缘材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料及其烧制方法,通过该方法制作的陶瓷绝缘材料,不仅重量相比较于现有的陶瓷绝缘材料有了降低,而且其抗电击穿性能以及在各种环境中的适应性得到了很大的提高,大幅度提高了应用时的安全性能。
本发明为实现上述技术目的所采用的技术方案为:一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料,该陶瓷绝缘材料由基料、填充料和制孔剂烧制而成,按照重量比,所述基料由35-37份煅烧高岭土、12-14份的菱镁石粉、20-24份的石英砂和6-8份的绢云母组成,填充料由2-3份单质硅粉、5-6份细度不超过5微米的活性氧化铝微粉、7-8份的改性纳米二氧化硅和4-5份的改性海泡石绒粉组成,制孔剂由6-7份细度不超过30微米的碳化硅细粉、4-5份细度不超过45微米的蓝晶石细粉和1-1.2份的蛭石粉组成;所述改性纳米二氧化硅是将市售纳米二氧化硅与其重量3-5%的表面改性剂混合得到,该表面改性剂由氢氧化钡、碳酸氢钠和KH550按照重量比3-4:1-2:30的比例混合而成;所述改性海泡石绒粉为市售海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛按照重量比100:5:3:5混合搅拌20-30min后过滤得到。
所述表面改性剂中还加入有KH550重量2-3%的纳米氢氧化铝。
所述制孔剂中还含有0.8-1份的珍珠岩粉。
所述填充料中含有2-2.4份的氧化铁粉。
上述变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料的烧制方法,首先按照上述要求选取各原料并对原料进行处理,然后按比例混料、磨粉后送入模具中压铸成所需要的坯体,最后烧结即得到产品,所述对原料进行处理是指,将市售纳米二氧化硅与其重量3-5%的表面改性剂混合得到改性纳米二氧化硅,该表面改性剂由氢氧化钡、碳酸氢钠和KH550按照重量比3-4:1-2:30的比例混合而成;将市售海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛按照重量比100:5:3:5混合搅拌20-30min后过滤得到改性海泡石绒粉。
所述混料、磨粉是指,依次向混合后的各原料中加入各原料总重35%的水、各原料总重2%的丙酮、各原料总重1%的工业植物油和各原料总重0.8%的淀粉,而后拌合均匀并研磨制成细度为300目的粉料。
所述烧结分为低温段、中温段和氧化烧结段三部分,其中,低温段是指使炉内温度从常温在6h均匀升高到420℃,并保持该温度1-2h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不高于4%;
所述中温段是指,使炉内温度从420℃在4h均匀升高到1050℃,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%;
所述氧化烧结段是指,使炉内温度从1050℃在3h均匀升高到1850℃,并保持该温度4h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%。
本发明中,以烧制陶瓷的常规原料煅烧高岭土和石英作为基料,其中混入碳化硅、蓝晶石粉和蛭石粉作为制孔剂,既可确保烧成后的陶瓷中含有一些开放型气孔(或称开口气孔),而且也不会影响其强度;碳化硅在高温氧化气氛中容易发生氧化反应:SiC+2O2→CO2+SiO2,该反应开始温度较高,1000℃开始明显氧化,颗粒越细,则氧化速度越快,反应产物CO2的逸出容易造成陶瓷坯体表面形成开口气孔,而反应产物SiO2具有较高活性,与氧化铝反应生成莫来石,从而在陶瓷内形成莫来石增强体;基料中含有的菱镁石粉在高温下与石英砂、填充料中的氧化铝微粉烧结形成堇青石结构,从而大幅度提高了材料的强度;同时,在高温下,制孔剂中的蓝晶石细粉,既可确保生成较多的莫来石相,保证制品的力学强度,蓝晶石从1100℃左右开始分解、生成莫来石和SiO2,1300℃以后显著分解转化,由于该莫来石化反应伴随有16-18%的体积膨胀,因此还可填充由于碳化硅氧化产生的孔隙,使单个孔隙变小,整体孔隙率降低,并且会改变陶瓷内孔隙的形状和分布;填充料中的单质硅粉,一部分在烧结过程中氧化形成二氧化硅参与烧结反应,另一部分高温下熔融提供液态的游离体系,降低烧结温度,而且便于各组织成分的迁移、结合。
本发明中,利用氢氧化钡和碳酸氢钠混合作为催化剂让纳米级的 SiO2粒子的表面能够受到羟基的作用,从而含有一定数量的含氧官能团,增加了纳米级SiO2粒子的有关表面相容性,在纳米级SiO2粒子作为填充料与其余原料充分混合时,因为SiO2颗粒很小,且比表面积大,细微化的结构使得其余物料与其的接触面积增大,使SiO2粒子可以在物料中均匀分散,从而便于SiO2与其余物质在高温下发生化学键合或者物理结合。此外,均匀分散的纳米级SiO2相当于“锚点”,其能够使高温环境下生成的强化基体与其结合,在受到外力冲击作用下,能够产生 “应力集中”的效应,使得其周围的一些基体“屈服”并吸收较多的变形功,此外也能够产生 “钉扎-攀越”效应,增大裂纹在扩展时所受到的阻力,消耗变形功,从而使其韧性增加;而海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛混合处理后,不仅使得海泡石绒粉的表面性质发生变化,使其在烧结时能够与形成的堇青石、莫来石结构等相互结合,进一步增强了烧结材料的强度,而且,在浸泡过程中,纳米二氧化钛能够进入到海泡石绒粉的内部结构中,从而防止其微孔结构在烧结过程中遭到破坏。
本发明中,陶瓷绝缘材料烧结完成后,可以将其置于融化的丁腈橡胶内,并保持融化状态浸泡20-30min,以使其表面形成绝缘橡胶层;
当然,也可以将其置于水泥浆、塑料粉末和玻璃纤维形成的混合物中浸泡1-2h,而后在350℃的条件下处理30min,自然冷却至常温即可,所述水泥浆、塑料粉末和玻璃纤维的重量比为10:1:2,水泥浆采用水泥与水按照重量比1:10-20的比例混合得到。
有益效果:本发明与现有技术相比,具备以下优点:
1)本发明以烧制陶瓷的常规原料煅烧高岭土和石英作为基料,其中混入碳化硅、蓝晶石粉和蛭石粉作为制孔剂,既可确保烧成后的陶瓷中含有一些开放型气孔(或称开口气孔),而且也不会影响其强度,通过加入高温下体积膨胀的蓝晶石粉,使得开放型气孔明显缩小,从而在陶瓷内部和表面形成细小的气孔,从而助于烧制后的绝缘材料与其余绝缘材料的结合,如塑料和橡胶等;
2)本发明在混料时,除了加入常规的水之外,还加入了丙酮、工业植物油和淀粉,这三种物质混合后,在低温段能够缓慢的气化,从而脱离泥胎,并在泥胎表面形成微小的气孔,而且也能增强混合料的粘性,防止烧制时表面出现裂纹导致在后续烧制中损坏;
3)本发明中,纳米二氧化硅经改性后其分散性以及与基体、界面的结合强度得到增强,当其作为填充料时,其在烧结时的高温条件下,能够与烧结时形成的莫来石增强体紧密结合,大幅度提高整体性和强度,而且在高温下也可以作为类似成核剂的存在,使其中的氧化铝和氧化硅能够更好的形成莫来石增强体结构;
4)本发明通过将市售的海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛混合改性处理后,不仅使得海泡石绒粉的表面性质发生变化,使其在烧结时能够与形成的堇青石、莫来石结构等相互结合,进一步增强了烧结材料的强度,而且,在浸泡过程中,纳米二氧化钛能够进入到海泡石绒粉的内部结构中,从而防止其微孔结构在烧结过程中遭到破坏;
5)本发明烧制的绝缘材料可以浸泡在无机或有机绝缘材料中,从而使这些绝缘材料填充到气孔内,进一步增强其防电击穿性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述,以下各实施例中所用的原料均为本领域常规的原料或者是从市面上能够购买得到。
实施例1
一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料,该陶瓷绝缘材料由基料、填充料和制孔剂烧制而成,按照重量比,所述基料由35份煅烧高岭土、12份的菱镁石粉、20份的石英砂和6份的绢云母组成,填充料由2份单质硅粉、5份细度不超过5微米的活性氧化铝微粉、7份的改性纳米二氧化硅和4份的改性海泡石绒粉组成,制孔剂由6份细度不超过30微米的碳化硅细粉、4份细度不超过45微米的蓝晶石细粉和1份的蛭石粉组成;所述改性纳米二氧化硅是将市售纳米二氧化硅与其重量3%的表面改性剂混合得到,该表面改性剂由氢氧化钡、碳酸氢钠和KH550按照重量比3:1:30的比例混合而成;所述改性海泡石绒粉为市售海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛按照重量比100:5:3:5混合搅拌20min后过滤得到;
上述变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料的烧制方法,首先按照上述要求选取各原料并对原料进行处理,然后按比例混料、磨粉后送入模具中压铸成所需要的坯体,最后烧结即得到产品,所述对原料进行处理是指,将市售纳米二氧化硅与其重量3%的表面改性剂混合得到改性纳米二氧化硅,该表面改性剂由氢氧化钡、碳酸氢钠和KH550按照重量比3:1:30的比例混合而成;将市售海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛按照重量比100:5:3:5混合搅拌20min后过滤得到改性海泡石绒粉。
以上为本实施例的基本实施方式,可在以上基础上做进一步的改进、优化和限定:
如,所述表面改性剂中还加入有KH550重量2%的纳米氢氧化铝;
又如,所述制孔剂中还含有0.8份的珍珠岩粉;
再如,所述填充料中含有2份的氧化铁粉;
再如,所述混料、磨粉是指,依次向混合后的各原料中加入各原料总重35%的水、各原料总重2%的丙酮、各原料总重1%的工业植物油和各原料总重0.8%的淀粉,而后拌合均匀并研磨制成细度为300目的粉料;
最后,所述烧结分为低温段、中温段和氧化烧结段三部分,其中,低温段是指使炉内温度从常温在6h均匀升高到420℃,并保持该温度1h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不高于4%;
所述中温段是指,使炉内温度从420℃在4h均匀升高到1050℃,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%;
所述氧化烧结段是指,使炉内温度从1050℃在3h均匀升高到1850℃,并保持该温度4h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%。
实施例2
一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料,该陶瓷绝缘材料由基料、填充料和制孔剂烧制而成,按照重量比,所述基料由37份煅烧高岭土、14份的菱镁石粉、24份的石英砂和8份的绢云母组成,填充料由3份单质硅粉、6份细度不超过5微米的活性氧化铝微粉、8份的改性纳米二氧化硅和5份的改性海泡石绒粉组成,制孔剂由7份细度不超过30微米的碳化硅细粉、5份细度不超过45微米的蓝晶石细粉和1.2份的蛭石粉组成;所述改性纳米二氧化硅是将市售纳米二氧化硅与其重量5%的表面改性剂混合得到,该表面改性剂由氢氧化钡、碳酸氢钠和KH550按照重量比4:2:30的比例混合而成;所述改性海泡石绒粉为市售海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛按照重量比100:5:3:5混合搅拌30min后过滤得到;
上述变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料的烧制方法,首先按照上述要求选取各原料并对原料进行处理,然后按比例混料、磨粉后送入模具中压铸成所需要的坯体,最后烧结即得到产品,所述对原料进行处理是指,将市售纳米二氧化硅与其重量5%的表面改性剂混合得到改性纳米二氧化硅,该表面改性剂由氢氧化钡、碳酸氢钠和KH550按照重量比4:2:30的比例混合而成;将市售海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛按照重量比100:5:3:5混合搅拌30min后过滤得到改性海泡石绒粉。
以上为本实施例的基本实施方式,可在以上基础上做进一步的改进、优化和限定:
如,所述表面改性剂中还加入有KH550重量3%的纳米氢氧化铝;
又如,所述制孔剂中还含有1份的珍珠岩粉;
再如,所述填充料中含有2.4份的氧化铁粉;
再如,所述混料、磨粉是指,依次向混合后的各原料中加入各原料总重35%的水、各原料总重2%的丙酮、各原料总重1%的工业植物油和各原料总重0.8%的淀粉,而后拌合均匀并研磨制成细度为300目的粉料;
最后,所述烧结分为低温段、中温段和氧化烧结段三部分,其中,低温段是指使炉内温度从常温在6h均匀升高到420℃,并保持该温度2h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不高于4%;
所述中温段是指,使炉内温度从420℃在4h均匀升高到1050℃,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%;
所述氧化烧结段是指,使炉内温度从1050℃在3h均匀升高到1850℃,并保持该温度4h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%。
实施例3
一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料,该陶瓷绝缘材料由基料、填充料和制孔剂烧制而成,按照重量比,所述基料由36份煅烧高岭土、13份的菱镁石粉、22份的石英砂和7份的绢云母组成,填充料由2.5份单质硅粉、5.5份细度不超过5微米的活性氧化铝微粉、7.5份的改性纳米二氧化硅和4.5份的改性海泡石绒粉组成,制孔剂由6.5份细度不超过30微米的碳化硅细粉、4.5份细度不超过45微米的蓝晶石细粉和1.1份的蛭石粉组成;所述改性纳米二氧化硅是将市售纳米二氧化硅与其重量4%的表面改性剂混合得到,该表面改性剂由氢氧化钡、碳酸氢钠和KH550按照重量比3.5:1.5:30的比例混合而成;所述改性海泡石绒粉为市售海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛按照重量比100:5:3:5混合搅拌20-30min后过滤得到;
上述变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料的烧制方法,首先按照上述要求选取各原料并对原料进行处理,然后按比例混料、磨粉后送入模具中压铸成所需要的坯体,最后烧结即得到产品,所述对原料进行处理是指,将市售纳米二氧化硅与其重量4%的表面改性剂混合得到改性纳米二氧化硅,该表面改性剂由氢氧化钡、碳酸氢钠和KH550按照重量比3.5:1.5:30的比例混合而成;将市售海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛按照重量比100:5:3:5混合搅拌25min后过滤得到改性海泡石绒粉。
以上为本实施例的基本实施方式,可在以上基础上做进一步的改进、优化和限定:
如,所述表面改性剂中还加入有KH550重量2.5%的纳米氢氧化铝;
又如,所述制孔剂中还含有0.9份的珍珠岩粉;
再如,所述填充料中含有2.2份的氧化铁粉;
再如,所述混料、磨粉是指,依次向混合后的各原料中加入各原料总重35%的水、各原料总重2%的丙酮、各原料总重1%的工业植物油和各原料总重0.8%的淀粉,而后拌合均匀并研磨制成细度为300目的粉料;
最后,所述烧结分为低温段、中温段和氧化烧结段三部分,其中,低温段是指使炉内温度从常温在6h均匀升高到420℃,并保持该温度1.5h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不高于4%;
所述中温段是指,使炉内温度从420℃在4h均匀升高到1050℃,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%;
所述氧化烧结段是指,使炉内温度从1050℃在3h均匀升高到1850℃,并保持该温度4h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%。
对比试验
按照本发明实施例1-3的方法分别制备三个外形完全相同的绝缘子,并编号样品1、样品2、样品3,然后用本发明的方法另外制备与样品1、样品2、样品3样品外形完全相同的绝缘子,记为样品4,且样品4中使用的是市售纳米二氧化硅,并未经本发明的方法进行改性;按照制备样品4的方法制备样品5,且样品5中使用的是改性纳米二氧化硅,但该改性纳米二氧化硅在改性时,与本发明的改性方法相比,并未加入碳酸钠;按照制备样品4的方法制备样品6,且样品6中不含改性海泡石绒粉;
分别对以上样品在相同条件下进行电击穿实验,当电压为17KV时,样品4的绝缘子被击穿;
当电压升高到24KV时,样品5被击穿;
当电压继续升高至27KV时,样品1被击穿;
当电压继续升高至28KV时,样品3被击穿;
当电压继续升高至30KV时,样品2被击穿;
当电压继续升高至36KV时,样品6被击穿。
Claims (7)
1.一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料,其特征在于:该陶瓷绝缘材料由基料、填充料和制孔剂烧制而成,按照重量比,所述基料由35-37份煅烧高岭土、12-14份的菱镁石粉、20-24份的石英砂和6-8份的绢云母组成,填充料由2-3份单质硅粉、5-6份细度不超过5微米的活性氧化铝微粉、7-8份的改性纳米二氧化硅和4-5份的改性海泡石绒粉组成,制孔剂由6-7份细度不超过30微米的碳化硅细粉、4-5份细度不超过45微米的蓝晶石细粉和1-1.2份的蛭石粉组成;所述改性纳米二氧化硅是将市售纳米二氧化硅与其重量3-5%的表面改性剂混合得到,该表面改性剂由氢氧化钡、碳酸氢钠和KH550按照重量比3-4:1-2:30的比例混合而成;所述改性海泡石绒粉为市售海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛按照重量比100:5:3:5混合搅拌20-30min后过滤得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料,其特征在于:所述表面改性剂中还加入有KH550重量2-3%的纳米氢氧化铝。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料,其特征在于:所述制孔剂中还含有0.8-1份的珍珠岩粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料,其特征在于:所述填充料中含有2-2.4份的氧化铁粉。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料的烧制方法,首先按照权利要求1的要求选取各原料并对原料进行处理,然后按比例混料、磨粉后送入模具中压铸成所需要的坯体,最后烧结即得到产品,其特征在于:所述对原料进行处理是指,将市售纳米二氧化硅与其重量3-5%的表面改性剂混合得到改性纳米二氧化硅,该表面改性剂由氢氧化钡、碳酸氢钠和KH550按照重量比3-4:1-2:30的比例混合而成;将市售海泡石绒粉与十二烷基硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、纳米二氧化钛按照重量比100:5:3:5混合搅拌20-30min后过滤得到改性海泡石绒粉。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料的烧制方法,其特征在于:所述混料、磨粉是指,依次向混合后的各原料中加入各原料总重35%的水、各原料总重2%的丙酮、各原料总重1%的工业植物油和各原料总重0.8%的淀粉,而后拌合均匀并研磨制成细度为300目的粉料。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种变压器用陶瓷绝缘材料的烧制方法,其特征在于:所述烧结分为低温段、中温段和氧化烧结段三部分,其中,低温段是指使炉内温度从常温在6h均匀升高到420℃,并保持该温度1-2h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不高于4%;
所述中温段是指,使炉内温度从420℃在4h均匀升高到1050℃,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%;
所述氧化烧结段是指,使炉内温度从1050℃在3h均匀升高到1850℃,并保持该温度4h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%。
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