CN106688972A - Method of cultivating catfish in warm water under high density - Google Patents
Method of cultivating catfish in warm water under high density Download PDFInfo
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- CN106688972A CN106688972A CN201611071026.0A CN201611071026A CN106688972A CN 106688972 A CN106688972 A CN 106688972A CN 201611071026 A CN201611071026 A CN 201611071026A CN 106688972 A CN106688972 A CN 106688972A
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- pond
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- warm water
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
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- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method of cultivating catfish in warm water under high density; the method comprises the steps of (I), selecting a suitable culture environment; (II), building a pond; (III), sterilizing and pretreating the pond; (IV), stocking fry; (V) managing cultivation. The method of the invention has the advantages that the culture density is high, yield per mu is up to 30-60 thousand Jin, the yield is 10 times as high as that under common cultivation area, and cultivation is not limited to external ambient temperature and is available throughout the year.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of warm water high density catfish culture method.
Background technology
Catfish mainly lives in the middle lower floor of rivers, lake, reservoir, swag, more in littoral area activity, is hidden in daytime more
Under thick grass, stone or deep water bottom, night foraging activity is frequent.Occupy after autumn and survive the winter in deep water or sludge, degree of ingesting also weakens.
Predacious fish, prey is generally small fishes, such as eat bar, crucian, Acenthogobius flavimanus, pseudorasbora parva, carp, loach, also eats shrimp
Class and aquatic insect.Based on eating, the effect of tooth is mainly prevents food from escaping.Catfish is bottom ferociousness fish.Be afraid of
Light, likes living in the stone gap of rivers offshore, dell, the soil cave of tree root bottom or pit hole.Reservoir, lake, mill weir it is quiet
In water, lie prostrate in dark bottom more.Spring comes into play, looks for food.Do not eaten after entering the winter, hide profundal zone or in pass the winter, if
What go to invade without, it does not move about typically.Catfish eye is small, and eyesight is weak, hides by day and comes out at night, entirely with two pairs of antenna huntings, very
Voracity, weather is warmmer, and appetite is bigger, and cloudy day and nocturnalism are frequent.Catfish is nutritious, moisture content in every 100 grams of flesh of fish
64.1 grams, 14.4 grams of protein, and containing several mineral materials and trace element, it is particularly suitable for weak deficient, malnutritive people
It is edible.Catfish is not only like other fishes equally containing abundant nutrition, and fine and tender taste, and the protein and fat for containing are more,
There is preferable dietary function to weak deficient, malnutritive people.Catfish is the good merchantable brand of lactagogue, and have nourishing yin and nourishing blood, bowl spares gas,
Appetizing, the effect of diuresis, are the essential food of women's postpartum dietotherapy nourishing.
At present, mainly by the cage culture of pond and reservoir, temperature is by Natural regulation, China's winter for catfish large-scale farming
Major part cultivation place need to survive the winter and be unable to bait throwing in material, and slow-growing, yield is not high.Therefore the cultivation level for constraining catfish enters one
Step is improved and industrialization.
Such as the Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN106106288A, a kind of catfish pond breeding method is disclosed, including
Following steps：(1) fry rearing pond and adult fish culture pond are built, and the treatment that carried out disinfection to it respectively, (2) selection high-quality catfish
Seedling, to be put it into and carry out fry management in above-mentioned fry rearing pond, and (3) are put when above-mentioned catfish seedling reaches 12-15 centimetres
Support with above-mentioned (1) adult fish culture pond, (4) carry out daily management to above-mentioned catfish, and (5) treat that above-mentioned catfish reaches 3-5 per cabrage amount
Kilogram, carried out fishing for listing in good time according to the market demand.Through the above way, catfish pond breeding method of the present invention passes through high-quality
Seedling selects and science daily management is that the growth of catfish provides control environment, reduces disease, growth is reached balance, raising Nian
The yield and quality of fish meets the demand in market.But it still can not solve winter and feed intake problem, and growth period is long.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to improve a kind of low cost, and method is simple, the warm water of fast growth
High density catfish culture method.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized using following technical scheme：
A kind of warm water high density catfish culture method, method and step is as follows：
(1) select to be adapted to breeding environment：
Selection has the place of thermal source environment as pond construction site, is easy to the utilization of thermal source, while reducing aquaculture cost；
Such as selection has steam power plant, salt mine, the region of geothermal energy resources environment；
(2) construction in pond：
Existing pond is utilized in the region for choosing or excavate the standard intensive culture pool, pond area 10 mu or so,
4 meters or so of depth, condition is better can to coat cement by pond inwall, and is equipped with 8-10 platform aerators in each pond, in pond
Pool top needs to build greenhouse, for being incubated, the culvert system of Erecting and improving；
(3) sterilization and pretreatment in pond：
Enter before seedling two weeks carries out disinfection to pond, sterilization quick lime or bleaching powder full pool spilling head, after sterilization one week, row
Dry pond water, introduces the warm water that lower water temperature is for 25-28 DEG C, covers vinyl house, prepares to deliver fry；
(4) fry is put in a suitable place to breed：
Selection is energetic, and weight is 50g-100 grams of fry, and breeding density is 30,000 tails/mu, puts the time in a suitable place to breed and does not receive season
Time effects；
(5) aquaculture management：
Oxygen increasing equipment can not stop after delivering fry, always will be to an end cycle of breeding fish；
Pellet is delivered according to the 10% of fish body weight twice, feed particle diameter accordingly increases with the increase of fish body daily；
The pool is patrolled daily, it is found that dead fish is pulled out immediately；
Have daily into draining, keep cultivation water temperature and cultivation water Water quality.
Above-mentioned pellet is made up of the component of following parts by weight：Corn 30, Tea Polyphenols 0.002, dregs of beans albumen powder
5th, 0.02 part of locust tree leaf powder, 0.2 part of white tea foam, 2 parts of rice bran, 1.5 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0.03 part of biologically active peptide, calcium activated 0.5
Part, 0.5 part of bone meal；The Feed Energy makes the nutrition of catfish more comprehensive, while enhance immunity, it is ensured that catfish healthy growth；
The preparation method of above-mentioned pellet is：Said components are mixed, steamer is sent into, steamed 30-50 minutes, taking-up is put into
Stirred in agitator tank, be made particle, dried in 30-40 DEG C of baking oven, vacuum bagging.
Containing the element such as micro natural mineral matter potassium, sodium, iron, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, zinc in calcium activated, in process by
Activation, as excellent nutrient.These elements are most of to have physiological function, is the key component of enzyme and protein system,
Stabilization or activation are played to nucleic acid hormone, cell membrane etc..
Biologically active peptide is that the active factors isolated is extracted from plant, the egg closed by two or more amino acid chain
White polypeptide, can promote the absorption of beneficial element, accelerate the speed of growth of catfish, improve the quality of the flesh of fish.
Albumen, fat content are enriched in dregs of beans albumen powder, are a kind of high-quality and efficient feed microbial fermentation products, into
This is low, and nutrition is easy to absorb.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention provides the growing environment of stabilization for catfish, improves unit cultivation face
Long-pending yield, reduces the culture-cycle, stabilizes product quality.Simultaneously using with circulation warm water cultivation, make full use of favourable
Condition, increased the utilization rate of the water that outer row has surplus heat.
Specific embodiment
In order that technological means, creation characteristic, reached purpose and effect that the present invention is realized are easy to understand, tie below
Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of warm water high density catfish culture method, method and step is as follows：
(1) select to be adapted to breeding environment：
Selection has the place of thermal source environment as pond construction site, is easy to the utilization of thermal source, while reducing aquaculture cost；
Such as selection has steam power plant, salt mine, the region of geothermal energy resources environment；
(2) construction in pond：
Existing pond is utilized in the region for choosing or excavate the standard intensive culture pool, pond area 10 mu or so,
4 meters or so of depth, condition is better can to coat cement by pond inwall, and is equipped with 8-10 platform aerators in each pond, in pond
Pool top needs to build greenhouse, for being incubated, the culvert system of Erecting and improving；
(3) sterilization and pretreatment in pond：
Enter before seedling two weeks carries out disinfection to pond, sterilization quick lime or bleaching powder full pool spilling head, after sterilization one week, row
Dry pond water, introduces the warm water that lower water temperature is for 25-28 DEG C, covers vinyl house, prepares to deliver fry；Deliver before fry need through
Cross and disinfect；
(4) fry is put in a suitable place to breed：
Selection is energetic, and weight is 50g-100 grams of fry, and breeding density is 30,000 tails/mu, puts the time in a suitable place to breed and does not receive season
Time effects；
(5) aquaculture management：
Oxygen increasing equipment can not stop after delivering fry, always will be to an end cycle of breeding fish；
Pellet is delivered according to the 10% of fish body weight twice, feed particle diameter accordingly increases with the increase of fish body daily；
The pool is patrolled daily, it is found that dead fish is pulled out immediately, and note observing disease event, accomplish prevention and treatment in time；
Have daily into draining, keep cultivation water temperature and cultivation water Water quality.
Above-mentioned pellet is made up of the component of following parts by weight：Corn 30, Tea Polyphenols 0.002, dregs of beans albumen powder
5th, 0.02 part of locust tree leaf powder, 0.2 part of white tea foam, 2 parts of rice bran, 1.5 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0.03 part of biologically active peptide, calcium activated 0.5
Part, 0.5 part of bone meal；The Feed Energy makes the nutrition of catfish more comprehensive, while enhance immunity, it is ensured that catfish healthy growth；
The preparation method of above-mentioned pellet is：Said components are mixed, steamer is sent into, steamed 30-50 minutes, taking-up is put into
Stirred in agitator tank, be made particle, dried in 30-40 DEG C of baking oven, vacuum bagging.
Embodiment 2
A kind of warm water high density catfish culture method, method and step is as follows：
(1) select to be adapted to breeding environment：
Selection has the place of thermal source environment as pond construction site, is easy to the utilization of thermal source, while reducing aquaculture cost；
Such as selection has steam power plant, salt mine, the region of geothermal energy resources environment；
(2) construction in pond：
Existing pond is utilized in the region for choosing or excavate the standard intensive culture pool, pond area 10 mu or so,
4 meters or so of depth, condition is better can to coat cement by pond inwall, and is equipped with 8-10 platform aerators in each pond, in pond
Pool top needs to build greenhouse, for being incubated, the culvert system of Erecting and improving；
(3) sterilization and pretreatment in pond：
Enter before seedling two weeks carries out disinfection to pond, sterilization quick lime or bleaching powder full pool spilling head, after sterilization one week, row
Dry pond water, introduces the warm water that lower water temperature is for 25-28 DEG C, covers vinyl house, prepares to deliver fry；
(4) fry is put in a suitable place to breed：
Selection is energetic, and weight is 50g-100 grams of fry, and breeding density is 30,000 tails/mu, puts the time in a suitable place to breed and does not receive season
Time effects；
(5) aquaculture management：
Oxygen increasing equipment can not stop after delivering fry, always will be to an end cycle of breeding fish；
Pellet is delivered according to the 10% of fish body weight twice, feed particle diameter accordingly increases with the increase of fish body daily；
The pool is patrolled daily, it is found that dead fish is pulled out immediately；
Have daily into draining, keep cultivation water temperature and cultivation water Water quality.
Above-mentioned pellet is made up of the component of following parts by weight：Corn 30, Tea Polyphenols 0.002, dregs of beans albumen powder
5th, 0.02 part of locust tree leaf powder, 0.2 part of white tea foam, 2 parts of rice bran, 1.5 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0.03 part of biologically active peptide, calcium activated 0.5
Part, 0.5 part of bone meal；The Feed Energy makes the nutrition of catfish more comprehensive, while enhance immunity, it is ensured that catfish healthy growth；
The preparation method of above-mentioned pellet is：Said components are mixed, steamer is sent into, steamed 30-50 minutes, taking-up is put into
Stirred in agitator tank, be made particle, dried in 30-40 DEG C of baking oven, vacuum bagging.
The preparation method of above-mentioned dregs of beans albumen powder is as follows：
(1) fresh dregs of beans is placed in vacuum and low temperature cold wind drier, in dry to dregs of beans moisture under 40-45 DEG C of environment
In 46-48%；
Because dregs of beans albumen, fat content are enriched, fat oxidation influence product quality such as can be caused with conventional heated-air drying,
Therefore we are dried treatment from vacuum and low temperature cold air drying technology, so that product keeps preferable stability.Dry temperature
Degree and time are the optimal parameter obtained in substantial amounts of experimental basis, the product with stable quality obtained under the conditions of this, and Yi works
Industry metaplasia is produced.
(2) dregs of beans after cold air drying is crushed, is crossed 60~80 mesh medicines sieve, obtain moistening powder, powder will be moistened
In feeding microwave processing equipment, in microwave treatment is spaced under microwave frequency 2450MHz, power 500W, interval time is 5 minutes,
Each microwave treatment 10 minutes, is carried out continuously 3-4 times；
(3) wheat bran is added in moistening powder after the microwave treatment, the addition of wheat bran is the 5- for moistening powder weight
8%, stir, obtain mixed-matrix；
(4) moisture of mixed-matrix is adjusted to 35% or so with nutritive salt nutrient solution, adjustment pH value is 5.5 or so,
Add Fresh Os Sus domestica powder, 0.3% koji powder, 0.2% biphosphate of mixed-matrix (moisture 35%) weight 1-3%
Potassium and 0.2% Se-enriched yeast, carry out sterilization treatment after mixing, obtain fermentation medium；
(5) to mixed bacteria is inoculated with fermentation medium, the inoculum concentration of the mixed bacteria is 5%, in constant incubator
It is interior to be kept for 40 DEG C cultivate 3 days, obtain the thick dregs of beans of high protein；
The mixed bacteria is papain, Trichoderma viride, trichodermaharzianum bacterium, candida tropicalis and bacillus subtilis
The mixture of any several isometric ratio of bacterium.
(6) by the thick dregs of beans feeding grinder of high protein, continuously grinding 2 hours is crossed 90-120 mesh sieves, is dried in 50-55 DEG C,
Crush again and obtain dregs of beans albumen powder.
Typical cultivation case row：
Present invention production of catfish at the two of Chaohu is tested, and control group is common plant, and experimental group is this
The warm water cultivation (place is located at Chaohu Ban Tang towns) of invention selection, pond area is 10 mu or so one, 4 meters of left sides of depth
The right side, breeding density is 30,000 tails/mu, and fry weight is 70 grams or so；
Experimental group uses method for breeding of the present invention, control group to press conventional husbandry methods, two groups of the nursing number of times of catfish, nursings
Amount, nursing time all same, continuous to feed 2.5 months, two groups of catfish growing state following tables：
Can be evident that from table, experimental group catfish is in culture pond of the invention, and daily gain increases obvious, raw
Long to accelerate, nutritional ingredient is high, and the feed of experimental group catfish is active, and efficiency of feed utilization is high.Aquaculture cost is saved, work has been reduced and is thrown
Enter, have received good economic and social benefit.
General principle of the invention and principal character and advantages of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appending claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of warm water high density catfish culture method, it is characterised in that method and step is as follows：
(1) select to be adapted to breeding environment：
Selection has the place of thermal source environment as pond construction site, is easy to the utilization of thermal source, while reducing aquaculture cost；
(2) construction in pond：
In the region for choosing using existing pond or the excavation standard intensive culture pool, pond area 10 mu or so, depth 4
Rice or so, condition is better can to coat cement by pond inwall, and is equipped with 8-10 platform aerators in each pond, above pond
Greenhouse need to be built, for being incubated, the culvert system of Erecting and improving；
(3) sterilization and pretreatment in pond：
Enter before seedling two weeks carries out disinfection to pond, sterilization quick lime or bleaching powder full pool spilling head, after sterilization one week, drains pond
Pool water, introduces the warm water that lower water temperature is for 25-28 DEG C, covers vinyl house, prepares to deliver fry；
(4) fry is put in a suitable place to breed：
Selection is energetic, and weight is 50g-100 grams of fry, and breeding density is 30,000 tails/mu, puts the time in a suitable place to breed and does not receive the time in season
Influence；
(5) aquaculture management：
Oxygen increasing equipment can not stop after delivering fry, always will be to an end cycle of breeding fish；
Pellet is delivered according to the 10% of fish body weight twice, feed particle diameter accordingly increases with the increase of fish body daily；
The pool is patrolled daily, it is found that dead fish is pulled out immediately；
Have daily into draining, keep cultivation water temperature and cultivation water Water quality.
2. a kind of warm water high density catfish culture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cultivation in step (1)
Environmental selection has steam power plant, salt mine, the region of geothermal energy resources environment.
3. a kind of warm water high density catfish culture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (5)
Pellet be made up of the component of following parts by weight：Corn 30, Tea Polyphenols 0.002, dregs of beans albumen powder 5, locust tree leaf
0.02 part of powder, 0.2 part of white tea foam, 2 parts of rice bran, 1.5 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0.03 part of biologically active peptide, 0.5 part of calcium activated, bone meal 0.5
Part.
4. a kind of warm water high density catfish culture method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that above-mentioned pellet
Preparation method is：Said components are mixed, steamer is sent into, steamed 30-50 minutes, taking-up stirs in being put into agitator tank, is made
Particle, dries, vacuum bagging in 30-40 DEG C of baking oven.
5. a kind of warm water high density catfish culture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that delivered in step (3)
Preceding fry need to be by disinfecting.
6. a kind of warm water high density catfish culture method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that above-mentioned dregs of beans albumen powder
Preparation method it is as follows：
(1) fresh dregs of beans is placed in vacuum and low temperature cold wind drier, is existed in being dried to dregs of beans moisture under 40-45 DEG C of environment
46-48%；
(2) dregs of beans after cold air drying is crushed, is crossed 60~80 mesh medicines sieve, obtain moistening powder, by moistening powder feeding
In microwave processing equipment, in microwave treatment is spaced under microwave frequency 2450MHz, power 500W, interval time is 5 minutes, every time
Microwave treatment 10 minutes, is carried out continuously 3-4 times；
(3) wheat bran is added in moistening powder after the microwave treatment, the addition of wheat bran is the 5-8% for moistening powder weight, is stirred
Mix uniform, obtain mixed-matrix；
(4) moisture of mixed-matrix is adjusted to 35% or so with nutritive salt nutrient solution, adjustment pH value is 5.5 or so, then is added
Enter Fresh Os Sus domestica powder, 0.3% koji powder, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the 0.2% selenium-rich ferment of mixed-matrix weight 1-3%
Mother, carries out sterilization treatment after mixing, obtain fermentation medium；
(5) to mixed bacteria is inoculated with fermentation medium, the inoculum concentration of the mixed bacteria is 5%, is protected in constant incubator
Hold 40 DEG C to cultivate 3 days, obtain the thick dregs of beans of high protein；
(6) by the thick dregs of beans feeding grinder of high protein, continuously grinding 2 hours crosses 90-120 mesh sieves, in 50-55 DEG C of drying, then powder
It is broken to obtain dregs of beans albumen powder.
7. a kind of warm water high density catfish culture method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the mixed bacteria is
Any several isometric ratio of papain, Trichoderma viride, trichodermaharzianum bacterium, candida tropicalis and bacillus subtilis
Mixture.
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| CN108901942A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-30 | 珠海市现代农业发展中心(珠海市金湾区台湾农民创业园管理委员会、珠海市农渔业科研与推广中心) | A kind of method of Ba Shayu seedling artificial propagation |
| CN113016705A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-25 | 上海海洋大学 | Control method of biological heat source in container culture tail water |
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