CN106687176A - 多波长光动力疗法设备及方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于治疗组织中疾病的方法,包括以下步骤:(1)向组织内提供光敏剂;(2)使用第一波长的第一种光照射含有光敏剂的组织;(3)使用第二波长的第二种光照射含有光敏剂的组织,以此治疗组织中的疾病;其中:(a)光敏剂吸收第一波长和第二波长的光;(b)组织对第二种光的吸收性能比第一种光更强,或者相反,从而实现预定的吸收光子密度梯度。一种用于实施本发明方法的设备,包括第一光源、第二光源、电源、聚焦装置和调节光发射的控制器,从而实现I(d)=I(λ1at d=0)×exp(μeff(λ1)×d)+I(λ2at d=0)×exp(μeff(λ2)×d)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用作治疗剂和体内诊断剂的光动力化合物,尤其提供一种使用可选波长和功率照射,从而调节光动力化合物次表面激发的方法和系统。
背景技术
目前光动力疗法(PDT)是治疗与多余和/或过度增殖细胞相关的疾病例如癌症以及非恶性病变的活跃研究领域。光动力疗法还已用于其他方面,包括但不限于痤疮、牛皮癣、良性增生疾病、溃疡和创伤等的治疗。用于光动力疗法的新光动力化合物(或光敏剂)的研发已经越来越专注于源自金属例如钌和铑的金属超分子复合物。用于光动力疗法的新光敏剂的持续研究源于与传统有机卟啉例如光敏素(PHOTOFRIN)相关的限制,传统有机卟啉必须用相对较短波长的光活化并且在缺氧环境中不起作用。通过引入具有低3MMCT(金属-金属间电荷转移)激发态的混合金属复合物,在克服这些限制方面已经取得显著进展。然而到目前为止,有关光动力化合物的报道有限,尤其是能够为癌症和良性损伤等与多余和/或过度增殖细胞相关的疾病,和/或包括但不限于传染性疾病、病原体感染等其他疾病提供光动力疗法治疗以及用于消毒的单核或双核光动力化合物。
长期以来,人们迫切需要用作疾病缓解并且可有效治疗患有因多余和/或过度增殖细胞疾病例如癌症的光动力疗法光敏剂的各种新光动力化合物。同时,长期以来,人们迫切需要用作体内诊断剂的各种新光动力化合物。此外,还需要提供具有以下特性的新型光动力化合物:(1)耐光性增强;(2)活化波长吸收性能增加;(3)可见光吸收,优选近红外线(NIR);(4)无论氧含量多少,最大活性(可利用一种机制在光敏作用类型1和类型2之间切换);(5)细胞内靶向。
美国专利申请书(公开号:20130331367)提出了用作疾病缓解并且可有效治疗上述所提到的一种或多种疾病如因多余和/或过度增殖细胞引起的疾病例如癌症的光动力疗法光敏剂的新型光动力化合物的研发需求的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明一方面包括一种治疗组织中的疾病的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
向组织内提供光敏剂;
使用第一波长的第一种光照射含有光敏剂的组织;
使用第二波长的第二种光照射含有光敏剂的组织,以此治疗组织中的疾病。
其中:(a)光敏剂吸收第一波长和/或第二波长的光;(b)组织对第二种光的吸收性能比第一种光更强,或组织对第一种光的吸收性能比第二种光更强,从而实现预定的吸收光子密度梯度。
在某些实施例中,疾病为癌症,组织为哺乳动物组织。
在某些实施例中,提供光敏剂的步骤包括直接或间接向组织提供光敏剂或光敏剂前体。
在某些实施例中,光敏剂能充分、持续地吸收第一波长和第二波长的光。
在某些实施例中,光敏剂为钌(II)、锇(II)或铑(II)二价元素。
在某些实施例中,至少使用另一种既非第一波长也非第二波长的光照射组织,进一步提高吸收光子密度梯度。
在某些实施例中,照射步骤同时进行,或按顺序进行,或部分重叠。
在某些实施例中,第一波长在血红蛋白吸收谱带范围内,第二波长具有组织的最低有效衰减系数;或第二波长在血红蛋白吸收谱带范围内,第一波长具有组织的最低有效衰减系数。
在某些实施例中,第一波长在可见范围内,第二波长在近红外线范围内;或第二波长在可见范围内,第一波长在近红外线范围内;或第一波长在近红外线范围内,第二波长也在近红外线范围内;或第一波长在可见范围内,第二波长也在可见范围内。
本发明另一方面包括一种适用于实施本发明方法的设备,其特征在于,所述设备包括:
第一光源,适用于发射出第一波长的光;
第二光源,适用于发射出第二波长的光;
电源,与第一光源和第二光源电气通信;
聚焦装置,适用于将第一光源和第二光源的光聚焦在共同焦点上;
控制器,适用于调节从第一光源和第二光源发射出的光,以便满足下列公式:
I(d)=I(λ1at d=0)×exp(μeff(λ1)×d)+I(λ2at d=0)×exp(μeff(λ2)×d),
其中:
I为强度;
λ1为第一波长;
λ2为第二波长;
d为光敏剂的深度;
μeff为组织光衰减系数群体平均值。
在设备的某些实施例中,第一光源和第二光源包括发光二极管(“LED”)阵列。
在设备的某些实施例中,第一光源和第二光源适用于使用空间光调制器提供重叠照明部位的空间/时间调制。
在设备的某些实施例中,第一光源和第二光源包括通过不同波长进行裂隙照明或腔内照明的发光光源,以便更好地与光波导或光纤耦合。
在设备的某些实施例中,第一光源和第二光源为激光。
在某些实施例中,设备适用于用户调节光敏剂活化的深度,从而匹配目标肿瘤的深度。
本领域技术人员通过阅读下列详细说明和从属权利要求,可以发现这些以及其它物质、特征和优点都是显而易见的。除非特别规定,文中的所有百分比、比率和比例都按重量计。除非特别规定,所有温度均为摄氏度(℃)。相关部分引用的所有文件都以参考方式并入本文。不可将对任何文件的引用理解为承认其是本发明的先前技术。
具体实施方式
治疗方法
在个人化医疗或个人化癌症医疗概念下,人们期望治疗方法能根据特定细胞表面受体、信号通路或其他干扰生物分子的上/下调节逐步划分目标患者群体,以便评估出释放细胞毒性剂量的最有效光敏剂。
虽然光动力疗法同样具有根据光敏剂浓度和组织内的光子密度梯度确定的细胞毒性剂量,对组织造成的不加选择损伤主要取决于给定细胞内的生物化学平衡或分子生物平衡。
然而,按照当前对所述光动力疗法的普遍态度,使用单个激发波长后,会根据组织的光学参数,尤其是普遍可用氧气的有效衰减系数(与渗透肿瘤情况相同),确定影响细胞毒性剂量梯度的光子密度梯度。这就限制了任何给定光敏剂/激发波长组合的治疗效果,并且,由于相同疾病的更强入侵性与临床靶组织的有效衰减系数同样可确定光动力疗法的剂量梯度以及疾病的治疗选择性,相同组合无法治疗早期(原位)疾病。
但是,如果能够通过波长谱活化光敏剂,同时或按顺序使用强烈衰减的短波长与轻微衰减的长波长组合,便能够模拟光动力疗法剂量的有效梯度。例如,如果一种光敏剂活化波长在血红蛋白吸收谱带的边缘,另一种具有最低可实现衰减系数,则理论上能通过混合两种指数梯度获得任何需要的剂量梯度。
通过光源至临床目标区域基地的已知距离,可确定两种或两种以上需使用波长的比例。在钌、锇或铑二价元素给定的预期波长范围内,光敏剂吸收较平缓将有利于(尽管不是必需)成功实现该技术方案;酞菁中存在的高q-吸收性能和叶绿素基光敏剂使梯度计算更加复杂,因为需要了解这些光敏剂的实际组织浓度是否与自然组织发色团具有可比性。
在某些实施例中,可根据美国专利申请书(公开号:20130331367)中的教示制备适当的光敏剂。
设备
优选地,所述设备包括剂量测定反馈系统,实时监测光的照射情况。所述系统可使用非侵入式次表面监测元件,以及美国专利(编号:6,413,267)中公开的其他设备元件。剂量测定反馈系统可根据优选适用条件经由皮肤、膀胱或人体使用,并根据预定或自动调节算法对光源、远峰、平均功率、时间、频率、脉冲持续时间、波长或其他组合进行手动或自动监测和调节,从而优化光敏剂活化情况。反馈系统的最佳实施例可使用光纤或光纤的几何排列向剂量测定系统提供闭环或开环反馈。
总之,本发明表明,噻吩的数量、辅助配体的特性、使用的支架(单核与双核)以及金属性质可用于微调化合物的化学、物理和生物特性,以实现光动力活性。
尽管已根据具体实例详细描述了本发明,但在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可进行若干变更和修改,这对本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于治疗组织中疾病的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
向组织内提供光敏剂(“PS”);
使用第一波长的第一种光照射含有光敏剂的组织;
使用第二波长的第二种光照射含有光敏剂的组织,以此治疗组织中的疾病,
其中:(a)光敏剂吸收第一波长和/或第二波长的光;(b)组织对第二种光的吸收性能比第一种光更强,或组织对第一种光的吸收性能比第二种光更强,从而实现预定的吸收光子密度梯度。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述疾病为癌症,所述组织为哺乳动物组织。
3.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,提供光敏剂的步骤包括直接或间接向组织提供光敏剂或光敏剂前体。
4.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述光敏剂能充分、持续地吸收第一波长和第二波长的光。
5.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述光敏剂为钌(I I)、锇(I I)或铑(I I)二价元素。
6.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,至少使用另一种既非第一波长也非第二波长的光照射组织,进一步提高吸收光子密度梯度。
7.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,照射步骤同时进行,或按顺序进行,或部分重叠。
8.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,第一波长在血红蛋白吸收谱带范围内,第二波长具有组织的最低有效衰减系数,或第二波长在血红蛋白吸收谱带范围内,第一波长具有组织的最低有效衰减系数。
9.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,第一波长在可见范围内,第二波长在近红外线范围(“NIR”)内;或第二波长在可见范围内,第一波长在近红外线范围内;或第一波长在近红外线范围内,第二波长也在近红外线范围内;或第一波长在可见范围内,第二波长也在可见范围内。
10.一种用于实施权利要求1所述方法的设备,所述设备包括:
第一光源,适用于发射出第一波长的光;
第二光源,适用于发射出第二波长的光;
电源,与第一光源和第二光源电气通信;
聚焦装置,适用于将第一光源和第二光源的光聚焦在共同焦点上;
控制器,适用于调节从第一光源和第二光源发射出的光,以便满足下列公式:
I(d)=I(λ1at d=0)x exp(μeff(λ1)x d)+I(λ2at d=0)x exp(μeff(λ2)x d),
其中:
I为强度;
λ1为第一波长;
λ2为第二波长;
d为光敏剂的深度;
μeff为组织光衰减系数群体平均值。
11.权利要求10所述的设备,其特征在于,所述第一光源和第二光源包括发光二极管(“LED”)阵列。
12.权利要求10所述的设备,其特征在于,所述第一光源和第二光源适用于使用空间光调制器提供重叠照明部位的空间/时间调制。
13.权利要求10所述的设备,其特征在于,所述第一光源和第二光源包括通过不同波长进行裂隙照明或腔内照明的发光光源,以便更好地与光波导或光纤耦合。
14.权利要求10所述的设备,其特征在于,所述第一光源和第二光源为激光。
15.权利要求10所述的设备,其特征在于,所述设备适用于用户调节光敏剂活化的深度,从而匹配目标肿瘤的深度。
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