CN106684402B - Micro thermal battery activating device - Google Patents
Micro thermal battery activating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106684402B CN106684402B CN201710034008.3A CN201710034008A CN106684402B CN 106684402 B CN106684402 B CN 106684402B CN 201710034008 A CN201710034008 A CN 201710034008A CN 106684402 B CN106684402 B CN 106684402B
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- piezoelectric ceramic
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- gravity block
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/36—Deferred-action cells containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The microminiature thermal battery activation device comprises a piezoelectric ceramic plate, an electrode, an electric ignition head, an insulating layer, an insulating wire, a gravity block, an ignition strip, a single battery, a shell, a battery electrode, a wire and a piezoelectric ceramic stack; the shell is arranged into an upper layer and a lower layer, a single battery is arranged in the upper layer, a battery electrode is arranged at the top end of the single battery upwards, an ignition strip is arranged at the outer wall and the bottom end of the single battery, and a gravity block, an insulating layer, an electrode and a piezoelectric ceramic plate are sequentially arranged at the lower layer from top to bottom; the gravity piece sets up to cylindrically, and is provided with circular through-hole in the middle, and circular through-hole inside is provided with the electricity and fires the head, is provided with the interlayer between upper strata and the lower floor, and the centre of interlayer is provided with the opening. The piezoelectric ceramic chip is used as an activation energy source, the integration level is high, the activation reliability is as high as more than 99.5%, and the reliability is good; compared with the existing activation mode, the device occupies small space and has low manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuzes, missiles and aerospace thermal batteries, and particularly relates to a microminiature thermal battery activation device.
Background
The thermal battery is a battery activated by heating and mainly comprises a substrate, a positive plate, a negative plate, an electrolyte plate, a current collecting plate, a heating system, a heat insulation gasket, a battery shell, a battery cover with a wire connecting column and the like. The electrolyte in the thermal battery is a non-conductive solid at normal temperature, and the electrode active material and the electrolyte do not react with each other and are in a non-working state. Once the battery is put into use, the battery is activated by inputting an activation signal, the internal temperature of the battery is rapidly increased by a heating system, the electrolyte is melted to form an ion conductor with high conductivity, and electrochemical reaction is started between positive and negative, so that the required direct current voltage and current can be output.
At present, the main activation modes of the domestic micro thermal battery are two (1) electric activation, namely an activation mode of igniting an electric igniting head by using an external power supply and igniting a heating plate at the same time; (2) The mechanical activation, namely the activation mode of igniting the heating plate by using mechanical energy to fire the fire cap. The main difference between electrical and mechanical activation is: the main structural feature of the electric activation is that it needs to add external power supply devices such as mechanical generator, etc., and the main structural feature of the mechanical activation is that it needs to design a fire cap at the bottom end of the battery, and it needs to add components such as firing pin, spring, guiding cylinder, etc. The main points of identity of electrical and mechanical activation are: both the electric activation and the mechanical activation are performed by igniting the ignition paper by the initiating explosive device and igniting the heating plate at the same time. The disadvantages between electrical and mechanical activation are: (1) The combustion speed of various materials is low, the activation time is long, and the activation time is required to be more than 0.3s at the highest; (2) In addition, other devices are added, so that the volume is large, the occupied space in the bullet is large, and the cost is high.
In view of the problems in the prior art, it is desirable to provide a novel and inventive device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a microminiature thermal battery activation device and an activation method, so as to solve the problems of low combustion speed, long activation time of various materials in the prior art, and the microminiature thermal battery activation device is additionally provided with other devices, and has the advantages of large volume, large occupied space in a bullet and high cost; the problems of risk, unsafe and the like exist in the using process, so that the problems of small occupied space, short activation time, low cost, high integration level and safe use are achieved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a microminiature thermal battery activation device comprises a piezoelectric ceramic plate, an electrode, an electric ignition head, an insulating layer, an insulating wire, a gravity block, an ignition strip, a single battery, a shell, a battery electrode, a wire and a piezoelectric ceramic stack;
the shell is arranged into a cylinder, the shell is arranged into an upper layer and a lower layer,
a single battery is arranged in the upper layer, a battery electrode is arranged at the top end of the single battery upwards, an ignition strip is arranged at the outer wall and the bottom end of the single battery,
the lower layer is sequentially provided with a gravity block, an insulating layer, an electrode and a piezoelectric ceramic piece from top to bottom; the gravity block is cylindrical, a circular through hole is arranged in the middle,
an electric ignition head is arranged in the circular through hole, an interlayer is arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer, an opening is arranged in the middle of the interlayer, and the width of the opening is equal to the diameter of the circular section of the circular through hole in the middle of the gravity block;
the lower end of the gravity block is provided with an insulating layer, an electrode a is arranged below the insulating layer, piezoelectric ceramic plates are arranged in the middle of the electrode a, a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic plates are arranged, an electrode b is arranged between every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic plates, positive and negative directions of every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic plates are arranged in an axisymmetric mode, and the electrode a, the piezoelectric ceramic plates and the electrode b are connected in a mechanical series connection and an electrical parallel connection mode to form a piezoelectric ceramic stack; the inner side of the side wall of the lower layer and the inner side of the lower end are provided with continuous insulating layers, and the insulating layers at the inner side of the lower end are in contact with the electrode a at the lower end; the other end of the electric ignition head is connected with the electrode a and the electrode b respectively by insulated wires.
As a preferable technical scheme, the piezoelectric ceramic plate is made of PZT series ceramics.
As a preferable technical scheme, the gravity block is made of steel sheets.
As a preferred embodiment, the single cells are cylindrical.
As a preferred solution, the distance between the upper end of the electric ignition head and the ignition strip is set to be less than 5mm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the thickness of the microminiature thermal battery activation device is set between 3 mm and 5mm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the single battery comprises a heating plate, a cathode plate, an anode plate, an electrolyte and a current collecting plate.
The electric ignition head is connected in series between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic stack; when the overload condition is reached by the action of the rifling pressure, the piezoelectric ceramic stack and the electric ignition head form a loop, the electric ignition head is ignited by current pulse, and the ignition paper is further ignited by the electric ignition head, so that the battery is activated.
The piezoelectric ceramic stack is formed by mechanically connecting piezoelectric ceramic plates in series and electrically connecting the piezoelectric ceramic plates in parallel in a packaging mode, and when the piezoelectric ceramic stack is subjected to the action of the rifling to reach an overload condition, a positive piezoelectric effect can generate current pulses.
The middle of the gravity block is provided with the circular hole, and the electric ignition head is arranged in the circular hole, so that overload applied to the piezoelectric ceramic stack during the action of the rifling can be increased.
The shell and the battery shell are integrated into a whole, the shell is made into an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure, the microminiature thermal battery activation device is arranged on the lower layer, and an interlayer is welded between the two layers, so that the space is saved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) The total thickness of the microminiature thermal battery activating device is set between 3 and 5mm, so that microminiature requirements of the thermal battery are met; (2) When the battery reaches an overload condition (the pressure is more than 100 Mpa), the piezoelectric ceramic can generate a current pulse to rapidly ignite the ignition paper within 20 microseconds, the battery is activated within 10 milliseconds, the activation time is short, the battery can be activated within 10 milliseconds, the integration level is high, the activation reliability is up to more than 99.5%, and the reliability is good; (3) The piezoelectric ceramic plate is used as an activation energy source, and compared with the existing activation mode, the piezoelectric ceramic plate has the advantages of small occupied space, low manufacturing cost, long storage time and high storability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a micro thermal battery activation device based on piezoelectric ceramics;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of gun bore pressure in an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the stress of the piezoelectric ceramic stack during the experiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the trunk voltage under experimental stress of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the trunk current under experimental stress of the present invention.
The serial numbers in the figures illustrate: 1, piezoelectric ceramic piece; 2 electrode a;3, an electric ignition head; 4 an insulating layer; 5 insulating wires; 6, a gravity block; 7, igniting the strip; 8, a single battery; 9 a shell and 10 battery electrodes; 11 wires; 12 piezoelectric ceramic stacks; 13 upper layer; 14 lower layer; 15 interlayer; 16 electrode b.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention.
The following is presented in connection with fig. 1: a microminiature thermal battery activation device comprises a piezoelectric ceramic plate 1, an electrode 2, an electric ignition head 3, an insulating layer 4, an insulating lead 5, a gravity block 6, an ignition strip 7, a single battery 8, a shell 9, a battery electrode 10 and a piezoelectric ceramic stack 12;
the housing 9 is provided as a cylinder, the housing 9 is provided as an upper layer 13 and a lower layer 14,
the upper layer 13 is internally provided with a single battery 8, the top end of the single battery 8 is upwards provided with a battery electrode 10, the outer wall and the bottom end of the single battery 8 are provided with a igniting strip 7,
the lower layer 14 is provided with a gravity block 6, an insulating layer 4, an electrode 2 and a piezoelectric ceramic piece 1 in sequence from top to bottom; the gravity block 6 is cylindrical, a circular through hole is arranged in the middle,
an electric ignition head 3 is arranged in the circular through hole, a separation layer 15 is arranged between the upper layer 13 and the lower layer 14, an opening is arranged in the middle of the separation layer 15, and the width of the opening is equal to the diameter of the circular section of the circular through hole in the middle of the gravity block 6;
the lower end of the gravity block 6 is provided with an insulating layer 4, an electrode a 2 is arranged below the insulating layer 4, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 1 is arranged in the middle of the electrode a 2, a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets 1 are arranged, an electrode b 16 is arranged between every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets 1, positive and negative directions of every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets 1 are arranged in an axisymmetric manner, two piezoelectric ceramics are shown in fig. 1, and the number of the piezoelectric ceramic sheets can be properly increased by using different electric ignition heads 3;
the electrode a 2, the piezoelectric ceramic plate 1 and the electrode b 16 are connected in a mechanical series and electrical parallel mode to form a piezoelectric ceramic stack 12; the inner side of the side wall of the lower layer 14 and the inner side of the lower end are provided with continuous insulating layers 4, and the insulating layers 4 isolate the piezoelectric ceramic stack 12 and the gravity block 6 from the shell 9 so as to ensure that the circuit as shown in fig. 2 works normally;
the inner insulating layer 4 is arranged in contact with the electrode a 2 at the lower end; the other end of the electric ignition head 3 is connected with an electrode a 2 and an electrode b 16 respectively by an insulated wire 5, and the electric ignition head 3 is connected in series between the anode and the cathode of the piezoelectric ceramic stack 12 by the insulated wire 5.
The piezoelectric ceramic plate 1 is made of PZT series ceramics, the piezoelectric ceramic plate 1 can select the sizes with different diameters and thicknesses according to the size and space requirements of a thermal battery, and the piezoelectric ceramic plate 1 is used for providing activating electric energy for the invention.
The gravity block 6 is made of steel sheets, and different sizes can be selected according to the size and space requirements of the thermal battery.
The single battery 8 is provided as a cylinder.
The distance between the upper end of the electric ignition head 3 and the ignition strip 7 is set to be less than 5mm.
The thickness of the microminiature thermal battery activation device is set between 3 mm and 5mm.
The body cell 8 includes a heating sheet, a cathode sheet, an anode sheet, an electrolyte and a collector sheet. When the single battery 8 is subjected to the action of the rifling pressure to reach the overload condition, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 12 generates current pulses to ignite the electric ignition head 3, so that the ignition paper 7 and the heating plate in the single battery 8 are ignited, and the single battery 8 starts to work.
The circuit schematic diagram of the piezoelectric ceramic stack activation thermal battery activation device is shown in fig. 2: the circuit comprises the following components: an electric ignition head 3, a wire 11 and a piezoelectric ceramic stack 12.
The piezoelectric ceramic stack 12 is formed by a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic plates 1 through electrodes 2 in a mechanical series and electrical parallel mode, when the piezoelectric ceramic plates are subjected to the action of the rifling pressure, piezoelectric effect is generated by the piezoelectric ceramic plates, a large amount of charges are instantaneously released to form current pulses, and the current pulses flow into the electric ignition head 3 through the lead 11 to ignite the electric ignition head.
In combination with fig. 3, which is a graph showing the action of the rifling pressure of an elastomer during the firing of a gun projectile, in order to simulate the process, the impact pressure shown in fig. 4 is loaded on a piezoelectric ceramic stack 12 formed by 2 pieces of piezoelectric ceramics, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 12 is connected with an electric ignition head 3, the measured trunk voltage and current time course curves are shown in fig. 5 and 6, and the result shows that the electric ignition head with the firing current of 0.5A fires rapidly within 20 microseconds.
The total thickness of the microminiature thermal battery activating device is set between 3 and 5mm, so that microminiature requirements of the thermal battery are met; when the battery reaches overload condition (the pressure is more than 100 Mpa), the piezoelectric ceramic can generate current pulse to quickly ignite the ignition paper within 20 microseconds, the battery is activated within 10 milliseconds, the activation time is short, the integration level is high, the activation reliability is as high as more than 99.5%, and the reliability is good.
Compared with the existing activation mode, the piezoelectric ceramic plate has the advantages of small occupied space, low manufacturing cost, long storage time and high storability.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the implementation forms of the inventive concept, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but extends to equivalent technical means as will occur to those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.
Claims (7)
1. The microminiature thermal battery activation device is characterized by comprising a piezoelectric ceramic piece (1), an electrode (2), an electric ignition head (3), an insulating layer (4), an insulating lead (5), a gravity block (6), a igniting strip (7), a single battery (8), a shell (9), a battery electrode (10) and a piezoelectric ceramic pile (12);
the shell (9) is arranged as a cylinder, the shell (9) is arranged as an upper layer (13) and a lower layer (14),
a single battery (8) is arranged in the upper layer (13), a battery electrode (10) is upwards arranged at the top end of the single battery (8), an ignition strip (7) is arranged at the outer wall and the bottom end of the single battery (8),
the lower layer (14) is sequentially provided with a gravity block (6), an insulating layer (4), an electrode (2) and a piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) from top to bottom; the gravity block (6) is arranged in a cylindrical shape, a circular through hole is arranged in the middle,
an electric ignition head (3) is arranged in the circular through hole, an interlayer (15) is arranged between the upper layer (13) and the lower layer (14), an opening is arranged in the middle of the interlayer (15), and the width of the opening is equal to the diameter of the circular section of the circular through hole in the middle of the gravity block (6);
the piezoelectric ceramic pile comprises a gravity block (6), wherein an insulating layer (4) is arranged at the lower end of the gravity block (6), an electrode a (2) is arranged below the insulating layer (4), a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic plates (1) are arranged in the middle of the electrode a (2), an electrode b (16) is arranged between every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic plates (1), positive and negative directions of every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic plates (1) are axisymmetrically arranged, and the electrode a (2), the piezoelectric ceramic plates (1) and the electrode b (16) are connected in a mechanical series connection and an electrical parallel connection mode to form a piezoelectric ceramic pile (12); a continuous insulating layer (4) is arranged on the inner side of the side wall of the lower layer (14) and the inner side of the lower end, and the insulating layer (4) on the inner side of the lower end is in contact with the electrode a (2) on the lower end; the other end of the electric ignition head (3) is connected with an electrode a (2) and an electrode b (16) respectively by an insulated wire (5).
2. The micro-miniature thermal battery activation device according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic plate (1) is made of PZT series ceramics.
3. The micro-miniature thermal battery activation device according to claim 1, wherein the gravity block (6) is made of steel sheet.
4. The micro-miniature thermal battery activation device according to claim 1, wherein the single battery (8) is provided as a cylinder.
5. The micro-miniature thermal battery activation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the upper end of the electrical ignition head (3) and the ignition strip (7) is set to less than 5mm.
6. The micro-miniature thermal battery activation device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the micro-miniature thermal battery activation device is set between 3-5 mm.
7. The micro-miniature thermal battery activation device according to claim 1, wherein the unit cell (8) internally comprises a heating sheet, a cathode sheet, an anode sheet, an electrolyte and a current collecting sheet.
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CN106684402B true CN106684402B (en) | 2023-06-06 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109193002B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-05-05 | 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 | Miniaturized overload activation thermal battery and preparation method thereof |
CN109585778A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-04-05 | 安徽正熹标王新能源有限公司 | A method of preparing thermal cell combination pole piece |
RU2744416C1 (en) * | 2020-01-29 | 2021-03-09 | Акционерное общество "Энергия" | Thermal battery |
CN114464826A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-10 | 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 | Split type activation thermal battery |
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