CN106683881A - 一种纳米结构电介质电容器及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纳米结构电介质电容器及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
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- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纳米结构电介质电容器及其制备方法,首先通过阳极氧化技术制备有序氧化钛纳米管阵列膜,然后进行氮化将氧化钛纳米管阵列膜转变为氮化钛纳米管阵列膜,再在氮化钛纳米管阵列表面利用阳极氧化保形性地制备氧化钛电介质膜,最后均匀沉积一层导电高分子膜作为对电极,形成氮化钛/氧化钛/导电高分子体系的全固态纳米电介质电容器。本发明通过简单的阳极氧化技术,可以实现电介质电容器比容量的大幅提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电化学技术领域,涉及一种导体/电介质/导体型纳米结构电介质电容器及其制备方法,具体涉及一种氮化钛/氧化钛/导电高分子型纳米结构电介质电容器及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的电介质电容器虽然比容量或能量密度相对超级电容器而言较低,但其功率密度和循环寿命极高,工作电压也远高于后者,故电介质电容器在储能领域仍占有重要地位。由于一般线性电介质的能量密度与介电常数和击穿场强的平方成正比,因此要提高电介质电容器的能量密度,主要途径在于开发高介电常数和高击穿场强的电介质材料。但同时具有高介电常数和高击穿场强性能的电介质材料并不多,这方面的研究进展有限。而另一方面,在器件体积一定的情况下,通过纳米技术以扩大电介质表面积的方式来提高比容量,进而达到提高能量密度的方法,是目前提高电介质电容器能量密度的有效途径。然而,电介质电容器不仅需要制备出纳米结构的电极,同时需要制备出相同纳米结构的电介质层及对电极(即保形性),制备工艺难度很大。因此,纳米技术在电介质电容器中的应用研究相对较少。
为了解决保形性问题,当前的流行做法是采用原子层沉积(Atomic LayerDeposition, ALD)技术,实现纳米结构电极的保形覆盖。例如:Banerjee等利用阳极氧化铝(AAO)的有序纳米孔洞阵列,在其中采用ALD技术,制备金属/电介质/金属(氮化钛/氧化铝/氮化钛)结构的电容器(P. Banerjee, et al. Nat Nanotechnol. 2009, 4: 292-296.)。由于AAO纳米孔洞的大比表面积扩大了介质层的有效面积,从而得到高比容量的纳米电容器,面积比容量可高达100 μF/cm2,大大超过以往报道的纳米结构电介质电容器的值。另外,这种电容器的功率密度高达106 W/kg,而能量密度约为0.7 Wh/kg。又如:Pint等报道了一种碳纳米管/电介质/金属结构的纳米电容器,以垂直定向的单壁碳纳米管(SWNT)阵列为模板,采用ALD技术在SWNT表面分别均匀沉积Al2O3电介质层和铝掺杂氧化锌对电极层,这种固态纳米电介质电容器的体积比容大于20 mF/cm3(C.L. Pint, et al. Carbon. 2011,49: 4890-4897.)。
然而,这种ALD技术虽然能实现纳米结构的保形性,但需要复杂昂贵的设备,成本很高,不适合工业化生产。另外,ALD工艺不仅涉及复杂的表面化学过程,而且沉积速度极低,只适用于几纳米至几十纳米之内的薄膜制备,很难实现几百纳米以上薄膜的沉积。例如,Banerjee等制备的纳米电容器其电介质层只有约7nm,导致击穿电压很低只有4.2V。所以电容器的工作电压很低,直接影响其能量密度的提高。因此,如何寻求更加简单实用的方法来制备纳米结构电极以及实现其保形性,成为迫切需要解决的难点问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种利用简单的阳极氧化技术制备高比容量纳米结构电介质电容器的方法,使其能够实现电极纳米结构的保形性,满足工业化生产的要求。
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为:一种纳米结构电介质电容器,包括钛基体、氮化钛纳米管阵列、氧化钛电介质膜、导电高分子薄膜,所述的氮化钛纳米管阵列设置在钛基体上,所述的氧化钛电介质膜设置在氮化钛纳米管阵列上,所述的导电高分子薄膜设置在氧化钛电介质膜上。
进一步的,导电高分子薄膜采用聚苯胺薄膜、聚吡咯薄膜或聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)薄膜。
一种纳米结构电介质电容器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、在钛基体上制备有序TiO2纳米管阵列;
步骤2、将有序TiO2纳米管阵列在NH3气氛下煅烧,得到氮化钛纳米管阵列;
步骤3、对氮化钛纳米管阵列进行阳极氧化,在其表面生成氧化钛电介质膜,得到氮化钛/氧化钛纳米管阵列结构;
步骤4、将氮化钛/氧化钛纳米管阵列结构浸入到导电高分子聚合溶液中,通过光引发电化学聚合反应在氧化钛电介质膜表面生成导电高分子,从而得到氮化钛/氧化钛/导电高分子的纳米结构电介质电容器。
进一步的,步骤1中,在钛基体上利用恒流法以10mA cm-2电流密度阳极氧化制备有序TiO2纳米管阵列,阳极氧化时间为45min~2h。
进一步的,步骤2中,煅烧温度为780-820℃,煅烧时间为3-6h。
进一步的,步骤3中,阳极氧化采用的电解液为5wt%五硼酸铵和1wt%硼酸组成的混合水溶液;阳极氧化电压不超过35V。
进一步的,步骤4中所述的导电高分子包括聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)等。
本发明与现有的构建纳米电容器的方法相比,显著优点在于:(1)整个制备工艺简便易行,主要依赖阳极氧化技术,无需昂贵设备和复杂纳米制备技术(如ALD设备和碳纳米管生长技术)。(2)在钛箔上直接阳极氧化生成TiO2纳米管阵列,纳米管阵列与钛基体结合力强,钛基体可直接作为电容器的引出电极。(3)利用阳极氧化法可在氮化钛纳米管和电解液接触的界面上直接生成氧化钛电介质膜,电介质层的保形性好,且电介质层与氮化钛紧密结合无缺陷。(4)由于氧化钛电介质膜厚度与阳极氧化电压成正比,可以通过调节阳极氧化电压方便地控制电介质膜层的厚度。而ALD技术制备较厚电介质膜十分不易。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的纳米结构电介质电容器的示意图,其中,1-钛基体,2-氮化钛纳米管阵列,3-氧化钛电介质膜,4-导电高分子。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明。
如图1,本发明所述的纳米结构电介质电容器,包括钛基体1、氮化钛纳米管阵列2、氧化钛电介质膜3、导电高分子薄膜4,所述的氮化钛纳米管阵列2设置在钛基体1上,所述的氧化钛电介质膜3设置在氮化钛纳米管阵列2上,所述的导电高分子薄膜4设置在氧化钛电介质膜3上。
实施例1
将钛箔进行化学抛光,然后用去离子水洗净。抛光液组成为HF: HNO3: H2O=1: 1: 2(V)。以抛光后的钛箔为阳极,石墨片为阴极,在0.3 wt% NH4F和2 vol% H2O的乙二醇电解液中,在20℃下以10mA cm-2电流密度恒流阳极氧化45min。将得到的TiO2纳米管阵列膜在NH3气氛、800℃煅烧3h,升温程序为5℃/min(室温-300℃),2℃/min(300-700℃),1℃/min(700-800℃)。再以得到的氮化钛纳米管阵列膜为阳极,室温下,以恒压10V在5wt%五硼酸铵和1wt%硼酸的混合水溶液中阳极氧化10min,在氮化钛纳米管阵列表面得到氧化钛电介质膜层。采用三电极系统, 将制备的氮化钛/氧化钛纳米结构作为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片为对电极。聚合溶液为含0.1M苯胺的0.5M H2SO4溶液, 在150W 氙灯辐照下,采用循环伏安法电化学沉积聚苯胺,电位范围为-0.2 ~ 1.0 V,扫速为50 mV/s。在氮化钛/氧化钛纳米结构表面得到聚苯胺薄膜作为电介质电容器的另一电极,构成“氮化钛/氧化钛/聚苯胺”的纳米结构电介质电容器。测的其比电容为375 μF/cm2,工作电压6.3V下的漏电流为3.8μA/cm2。
实施例2
将钛箔进行化学抛光,然后用去离子水洗净。抛光液组成为HF: HNO3: H2O=1: 1: 2(V)。以抛光后的钛箔为阳极,石墨片为阴极,在0.3 wt% NH4F和2 vol% H2O的乙二醇电解液中,在20℃下以10mA cm-2电流密度恒流阳极氧化2h。将得到的TiO2纳米管阵列膜在NH3气氛、780℃煅烧6h,其他工艺均同实施例1。测的其比电容为897 μF/cm2,工作电压6.3V下的漏电流为4.4μA/cm2。
实施例3
制备氧化钛纳米管以及导电聚苯胺的工艺同实施例1。不同之处是:将得到的TiO2纳米管阵列膜在NH3气氛、820℃煅烧3h,升温程序同实施例1。在氮化钛纳米管阵列表面制备氧化钛电介质膜层的电压为35V。测的其比电容为127 μF/cm2,工作电压25V下的漏电流为6.2μA/cm2。
实施例4
除导电高分子制备工艺外,其他同实施例1。采用三电极系统, 将制备的氮化钛/氧化钛纳米结构作为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片为对电极。聚合溶液为0.1 M吡咯和0.1M高氯酸锂溶液,在150W 氙灯辐照下,采用循环伏安法电化学沉积聚吡咯,电位范围为0.5 ~ 1.0 V,扫速为50 mV/s。在氮化钛/氧化钛纳米结构表面得到聚吡咯薄膜作为电介质电容器的另一电极,构成“氮化钛/氧化钛/聚吡咯”的纳米结构电介质电容器。测的其比电容为382 μF/cm2,工作电压6.3V下的漏电流为3.5μA/cm2。
实施例5
除导电高分子制备工艺外,其他同实施例3。采用三电极系统, 将制备的氮化钛/氧化钛纳米结构作为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片为对电极。聚合溶液为含0.01M的EDOT和0.1M硝酸钾溶液,在150W 氙灯辐照下,采用循环伏安法电化学沉积PEDOT,电位范围为0 ~ 1.1 V,扫速为50 mV/s。在氮化钛/氧化钛纳米结构表面得到PEDOT薄膜作为电介质电容器的另一电极,构成“氮化钛/氧化钛/PEDOT”的纳米结构电介质电容器。测的其比电容为132 μF/cm2,工作电压25V下的漏电流为6.5μA/cm2。
Claims (7)
1.一种纳米结构电介质电容器,其特征在于,包括钛基体、氮化钛纳米管阵列、氧化钛电介质膜、导电高分子薄膜,所述的氮化钛纳米管阵列设置在钛基体上,所述的氧化钛电介质膜设置在氮化钛纳米管阵列上,所述的导电高分子薄膜设置在氧化钛电介质膜上。
2.如权利要求1所述的纳米结构电介质电容器,其特征在于,导电高分子薄膜采用聚苯胺薄膜、聚吡咯薄膜或聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩薄膜。
3.一种纳米结构电介质电容器的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、在钛基体上制备有序TiO2纳米管阵列;
步骤2、将有序TiO2纳米管阵列在NH3气氛下煅烧,得到氮化钛纳米管阵列;
步骤3、对氮化钛纳米管阵列进行阳极氧化,在其表面生成氧化钛电介质膜,得到氮化钛/氧化钛纳米管阵列结构;
步骤4、将氮化钛/氧化钛纳米管阵列结构浸入到导电高分子聚合溶液中,通过光引发电化学聚合反应在氧化钛电介质膜表面生成导电高分子,即得到所述的氮化钛/氧化钛/导电高分子的纳米结构电介质电容器。
4.如权利要求3所述的纳米结构电介质电容器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,在钛基体上利用恒流法以10mA cm-2电流密度阳极氧化制备有序TiO2纳米管阵列,阳极氧化时间为45min~2h。
5.如权利要求3所述的纳米结构电介质电容器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,煅烧温度为780-820℃,煅烧时间为3-6h。
6.如权利要求3所述的纳米结构电介质电容器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中,阳极氧化采用的电解液为5wt%五硼酸铵和1wt%硼酸组成的混合水溶液;阳极氧化电压不超过35V。
7.如权利要求3所述的纳米结构电介质电容器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4中所述的导电高分子聚合溶液包括苯胺溶液、吡咯溶液和3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩溶液中的任意一种。
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CN109786124A (zh) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-21 | 南通科技职业学院 | 一种柔性非对称超级电容器及其制备方法 |
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