CN106680936B - A kind of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
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Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexers, realize graded refractive index distribution, large effective module scene product, 6 modes of low nonlinearity coefficient, high coupling efficiency, wide service band lack mould multiplexing；In 1.45 μm of -1.65 μm of service bands, which is better than -0.449dB, and show flat characteristic；The multiplexer characteristic lacks it in fiber optic communication, and mould, which transmits, Front-haul lacks the fields such as mould transmission has broad prospect of application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mode division multiplexing structures, and in particular to a kind of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer can be applied
In fields such as fiber optic communication, optical Information Processings.
Background technique
Optical fiber is the important transmission medium of optical fiber telecommunications system；With the further development of optic fibre manufacturing technology, Ren Menyu
Realize within 1979 the low loss fiber for being about 0.2dB/km in the loss of 1550nm wave band；Low loss fiber opens fiber optic communication
The revolution course in field results in the appearance of nonlinear fiber optics field；Nineteen ninety-five works in the Er-doped fiber of 1550nm wave band
The commercialization of amplifier, so that fiber optic communication and nonlinear fiber optics obtain great development；Various types of optical fiber and optical fiber
Communication system receive extensive attention and study [1 G. P.Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 5e,
Elsevier Inc. Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. 2012, 1-648]。
In recent years, the fiber optic communication research field based on mode division multiplexing is one of forward position focus；As its key technology it
One mode division multiplexing device gets the attention [2 Guifang Li, Neng Bai, and Ningbo Zhao and
Cen Xia, Space-division multiplexing: the next frontier in optical
communication. Advances in Optics & Photonics, 2014, 6(4):5041 - 5046]；To understand
Certainly transmission quality problem caused by nonlinear fiber in single mode fiber communications system, industry, which uses large effective area, reduces optical fiber
Nonlinear solution.In mode division multiplexing research field, in order to reduce fiber nonlinear effect, document [3 He Wen,
Hongjun Zheng, Benyuan Zhu and Guifang Li, Experimental Demonstration of
Long-Distance Analog Transmission over Few-Mode Fibers. OFC2015, M3E.2, 2015,
1-3] use 130 μm of 1550 nm wave band2The less fundamental mode optical fibre of mode field area reduces analogue transmission signal third order intermodulation distortion 3
DB improves 1.5 dB of signal spurious-free dynamic range；Document [4 Mukasa K, Imamura K, Sugizaki R.
Multi-core Few-mode optical fibers with large Aeff. European Conference and
Exhibition on Optical Communications. 2012:1-3] propose 170 μm2 (LP 01 )With μm2 (LP 11 )Large effective area less fundamental mode optical fibre；Document [5 Kasahara M, Saitoh K, Sakamoto T, et al.
Design of Three-Spatial-Mode Ring-Core Fiber. Journal of Lightwave
Technology, 2014,32 (7): 1337-1343.] propose 80 to 360 μm of mode field area2Adjustable large effective area
Toroidal cores less fundamental mode optical fibre；Document [6 Mingjun Li, et al. Low delay and large effective area
few-mode fibers for mode-division multiplexing. IEEE Opto-Electronics and
Communications Conference, 2012:495-496.] propose 186 μm of mode field area2 (LP 01 )With 242 μm2 (LP 11 )Large effective area less fundamental mode optical fibre, and demonstrate 100 km and lack mould transmission experiment.To sum up, in order to reduce the non-of optical fiber
Linear coefficient increases a kind of effective solution that optical fiber effective core area is also mode division multiplexing less fundamental mode optical fibre；As these
The mode division multiplexing device of less fundamental mode optical fibre, it is also desirable to the problems such as considering large effective area, the low nonlinearity coefficient of its transmission channel.
As the key link of mode division multiplexing system, mode division multiplexing device is by various modes signal multiplexing to the same channel
The device transmitted is of great significance to the realization of mode division multiplexing system.Document [7 RolRyf, Bolle C A,
Hoyningenhuene J V. Optical Coupling Components for Spatial Multiplexing in
Multi-Mode[C].European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.
2011:1-3; 8 Li A, Chen X, Alamin A, et al. Space-Division Multiplexed High-
Speed SuperchannelTransmission Over Few-Mode Fiber [J]. Journal of Lightwave
Technology, 2012,30 (24): 3953-3964] a kind of mode division multiplexing device based on phase-plate is proposed, realize three
Kind mode changeover signal is simultaneously multiplexed into the same channel, but this mode division multiplexing device needs the Space Coupling school of pinpoint accuracy
Standard, and be difficult to integrate, the insertion loss of free space coupling is big, at high cost.Document [9 Fontaine N K, Ryf R,
Leonsaval S G, et al. Evaluation of Photonic Lanterns for Lossless Mode-
Multiplexing[C].Optical Communications (ECOC), 2012 38th European Conference
and Exhibition on. IEEE, 2012:1-3; 10 Ryf R, Fontaine N K, Montoliu M, et al.
Photonic-lantern-based mode multiplexers for few-mode-fiber transmission[C]
.Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition. IEEE, 2014:1-3; 11
Leonsaval S G, Fontaine N K, Salazargil J R, et al. Mode-selective photonic
lanterns for space-division multiplexing[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(1):
1036-44.] a kind of " photon lantern " mode division multiplexing device for drawing cone-shaped is proposed, it realizes 12 road mode changeover signals and answers
Use the same channel." photon lantern " although complex degree of structure it is lower than space coupler, its manufacturing process is accurate,
Complexity, position, drawing cone thickness and length when accurately controlling fiber fuse have great difficulty；By draw taper at it is defeated
Exit port and transmission channel Incomplete matching, will lead to high loss.[12 stones are good for mode division multiplexing of the based on less fundamental mode optical fibre to document
Research on Communication Technology [D] Jilin University, 2013] mode division multiplexing/demultiplexer based on asymmetric slab guide is devised,
Multiplexing, the demultiplexing for realizing mode, also achieve the conversion of mode；But that there are service bands is narrow for the plane multiplexer,
It is difficult to integrate, the problem with fused fiber splice difficulty.Document [13 Huang B, Xia C, Matz G, et al.
Structured directional coupler pair for multiplexing of degenerate modes[C]
.Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber
Optic Engineers Conference. IEEE, 2013:1-3; 14 Xie Y, Fu S, Liu H, et al.
Design and numerical optimization of a mode multiplexer based on few-mode
fiber couplers [J]. Journal of Optics, 2013, 15(12):3901-3901; 15 Tsekrekos C
P, Syvridis D. Symmetric Few-Mode Fiber Couplers as the Key Component for
Broadband Mode Multiplexing [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2014, 32
(14): 2461-2467. the direct-coupled multiplexer of mode is devised in]；The multiplexer manufacturing process is simple, can directly and light
Fine welding has wider service band；But the design of the multiplexer does not account for transmission channel nonlinear problem.
Summary of the invention
In state natural sciences fund (number 61671227 and 61431009), Shandong Province's Natural Science Fund In The Light
(ZR2011FM015), under " Mount Taishan scholar " construction project specific project expenditure is supported, the invention proposes a kind of low nonlinearity coefficient modules
Division multiplexer realizes graded refractive index distribution, large effective module scene product, low nonlinearity coefficient, high coupling efficiency, wide work
6 modes of wave band lack mould multiplexing；Lack mould transmission for fiber optic communication, Front-haul lacks mould transmission functionization and provides support.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer proposed by the present invention, including 6 identical transmission channels, one of conduct
Main transmission channel；The cross section of these transmission channels is by pure silicon dioxide matrix blanket and doping silicon dioxide core group on the whole
At；Core outer diameter, the cladding outer diameter of the channel are corresponding in turn to 38 μm and 100 μm；Fiber core radius is balanced with index distribution to be set
Meter；Core centre and fibre cladding refractive index are respectively 1.4449 and 1.4440；The refractive index of channel core center to covering is in gradually
Modification distribution；Refractive index is according to equation, (1)
It is arranged, n in formula1Indicate core centre refractive index, n2Indicate cladding index, r indicates fiber radius, a=R1=38
It μm is fiber core outer diameter,；In terms of the position of each channel of multiplexer and length,
ModeLP 02 Main transmission channel is directly inputted, to avoid modeLP 02 Coupling process caused by channel couples efficiency is too low was lost
Greatly；ModeLP 11b WithLP 21b Channel is placed on the main transmission channel cross section direction x, channel length be respectively 232mm and
The spacing of 223mm, channel fibre core outer diameter adjacent with main channel fibre core are 2 μm；ModeLP 0 、LP 11a WithLP 21a Channel is placed
On the main transmission channel cross section direction y, channel length is respectively 3293mm, 232mm and 1882mm, channel fibre core and main letter
The spacing of the adjacent outer diameter of road fibre core is respectively 2 μm, 2 μm and 32 μm；The multiplexer is inversely using, it can be achieved that 6 modes lack mould demultiplexes
With；Few mould multiplexer characteristic is studied using full-vector finite element method and beam propagation method.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1. the mode division multiplexing device proposed realizes graded refractive index distribution, large effective module scene product, low nonlinearity system
Number, high coupling efficiency, wide service band 6 modes lack mould multiplexing；
2. the multiplexer inversely uses, it can be achieved that 6 modes lack mould demultiplexing；
3. the mode division multiplexing device coupling efficiency is better than -0.449 in 1.45 μm of -1.65 μm of service bands dB, and be in
Reveal flat characteristic；
4. the multiplexer characteristic lacks it in fiber optic communication, mould, which transmits, Front-haul lacks the fields such as mould transmission has extensively
Wealthy application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the single channel cross-sectional view of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer；R1 is core outer diameter in figure, R2 is packet
Layer outer diameter；
Fig. 2 be low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer channel effective area and nonlinear factor with lambda1-wavelength change
Change figure, the solid line with right triangle, asterisk, circle number and point number respectively indicates mode in Fig. 2 (a)LP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02 Have
Mode field area is imitated with the variation of lambda1-wavelength；Solid line with right triangle, asterisk, circle number and point number in Fig. 2 (b) respectively indicates mould
FormulaLP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02 Nonlinear factor with lambda1-wavelength variation；
Fig. 3 is the coupling length of different mode channel with the variation of two channel separations；With right triangle, asterisk, four directions in Fig. 3
Frame, circle, left triangle, point number solid line respectively indicateLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a 、LP 21b WithLP 02 The coupling of mode channel
Length with channel separation variation.
Fig. 4 is mode division multiplexing device structural schematic diagram proposed by the invention；Fig. 4 (a) is overall structure diagram, Fig. 4 (b)
It is the schematic diagram in the main transmission channel cross section direction x, Fig. 4 (c) is the schematic diagram in the direction y；
Fig. 5 is variation diagram of the various mode channel coupling efficiencies of mode division multiplexing device with lambda1-wavelength, the band right side three in Fig. 5
Angle, asterisk, four boxes, circle and left triangle solid line respectively indicate modeLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a WithLP 21b Coupling efficiency with
The variation of lambda1-wavelength.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to the embodiment and attached drawing technical solution that the present invention will be described in detail, but protection scope is without being limited thereto.
1 Fig. 1 of embodiment is the single channel cross-sectional view of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer of the present invention, the multiplexer
Single channel cross section is made of pure silicon dioxide matrix blanket and doping silicon dioxide core on the whole；Each radius of circle point in figure
It is not expressed as R1 and R2, is corresponding in turn to core outer diameter, cladding outer diameter, wherein R1=38 μm and R2=100 μm.Channel core radius with
Index distribution Equalization Design；Channel covering and core refractive index of the centre are respectively 1.4440 and 1.4449；Channel core center to packet
The refractive index of layer changes in gradation type, is specifically arranged according to equation (1).It is ground using full-vector finite element method and beam propagation method
The characteristic of the mode division multiplexing device is studied carefully.
The channel effective area and nonlinear factor that Fig. 2 is low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer of the present invention are with incident light wave
Long variation, the solid line with right triangle, asterisk, circle number and point number in Fig. 2 (a) respectively indicate modeLP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02
Effective core area with lambda1-wavelength variation；Solid line with right triangle, asterisk, circle number and point number in Fig. 2 (b) distinguishes table
Show modeLP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02 Nonlinear factor with lambda1-wavelength variation.It can be seen from Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b)
Increase, four kinds of moulds in the effective area of 1.45 μm of -1.65 μm of service bands, four kinds of modes with the increase of lambda1-wavelength
The effective area of formula is all much larger than standard single-mode fiber；Corresponding given input wavelength, modeLP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02 Have
Effect area is sequentially increased；And the nonlinear factor of four kinds of modes reduces, nonlinear factor all very littles with the increase of wavelength；It is corresponding
Given input wavelength, modeLP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02 Nonlinear factor be sequentially reduced；In 1550nm wave band, each mode
Effective core area be both greater than 80 μm of standard single-mode fiber215 times or more；Its nonlinear factor is much smaller than standard single mode light
Fine nonlinear factor.It is discussed above not distinguishLP 11 WithLP 21 Merger mode, be because these merger modes effectively reflect
Rate is consistent with field distribution, causes merger mode effective core area and nonlinear factor closely similar；But two channels carry out
When Mode Coupling, annexing modal phase difference causes coupled characteristic different, therefore merger mode distinguishes discussion below.
Fig. 3 be along linear polarization mode horizontal polarization direction, the coupling length of different mode channel with two channel separations change
Change.Solid line with right triangle, asterisk, four boxes, circle, left triangle, point number in Fig. 3 respectively indicatesLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a 、LP 21b WithLP 02 The coupling length of mode channel with channel separation variation.Fig. 3 shows that the coupling of 6 kinds of mode channels is long
Degree increases with the increase of channel separation.LP 11b WithLP 01 Mode channel coupling length with channel separation variation tendency one
It causes,LP 01 The coupling length variation of channel is slightly fast；LP 11a WithLP 21b The coupling length variation tendency of mode channel is consistent,LP 11a Letter
The coupling length variation in road is much faster；LP 02 WithLP 21a The coupling length variation tendency of mode channel is consistent,LP 02 The coupling of channel
It is slightly slow to close length variation；And the coupling length difference between three groups of mode channels is larger.Under same transmission channel spacer conditions,LP 01 The coupling length of mode channel is maximum,LP 02 The coupling length of mode channel is minimum；LP 01 The coupling length of mode channel with
The variation of channel separation is maximum,LP 02 The coupling length of mode channel is minimum with the variation of channel separation.When channel separation is 2-5 μ
When m, four kinds of modesLP 01 , LP 11a , LP 11b WithLP 21b Corresponding channel couples efficiency is up to 0 dB；When channel separation is greater than 5
μm when, four kinds of mode channel coupling efficiencies start less than 0 dB, and corresponding coupling length starts obviously to become larger.Work as channel separation
When less than 25 μm,LP 21a WithLP 02 The corresponding coupling efficiency of both of which channel is very low；When spacing is greater than 25 μm, two-mode channel
Coupling efficiency significantly improves.Along linear polarization mode vertical polarization,LP 01 、LP 21a WithLP 21b The coupling length etc. of mode channel
In the corresponding horizontal polarization direction coupling length of these three mode channels；LP 11a (LP 11b ) mode channel coupling length pair
It answersLP 11b (LP 11a ) mode channel horizontal polarization direction coupling length.The research is the channel spacing of selection of multiplexer, letter
Road length and each pattern and the relative position of main transmission channel provide safeguard.
Fig. 4 is mode division multiplexing device structural schematic diagram proposed by the invention；Fig. 4 (a) is overall structure diagram, Fig. 4 (b)
It is the schematic diagram in the main transmission channel cross section direction x, Fig. 4 (c) is the schematic diagram in the direction y.The multiplexer is identical by 6
Transmission channel composition, one of them is main transmission channel.Mode in Fig. 4LP 02 Main transmission channel is directly inputted, mode is allowed forLP 02 Coupling efficiency it is too low will lead to coupling process loss problems of too.ModeLP 11b WithLP 21b Channel is placed on main transmission letter
On the direction x of road cross section, channel length is respectively 232mm and 223mm, between channel fibre core outer diameter adjacent with main channel fibre core
Away from being 2 μm；ModeLP 01 、LP 11a WithLP 21a Channel is placed on the main transmission channel cross section direction y, and channel length is respectively
3293mm, 232mm and 1882mm, the spacing of channel fibre core outer diameter adjacent with main channel fibre core are respectively 2 μm, 2 μm and 32 μm.
The mode division multiplexing device contrary operation can realize 6 mode demultiplexing functions.
The mux mode channel is encapsulated by the same channel placed parallel, and its structure is complicated, and degree is significantly lower than
The drawing pyramidal structure of photon lantern in Space Coupling structure that [7,8] document is mentioned and [9-11] document, be effectively reduced device at
This；Channel can use optical fiber or optical waveguide；If channel use optical fiber, the multiplexer can directly with transmission fiber welding,
Insertion loss is effectively reduced.
Fig. 5 is variation of the various mode channel coupling efficiencies of mode division multiplexing device with lambda1-wavelength.In Fig. 5 with right triangle,
Asterisk, four boxes, circle and left triangle solid line respectively indicate modeLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a WithLP 21b Coupling efficiency is with entering
Penetrate the variation of optical wavelength；ModeLP 02 Main transmission channel is directly inputted, therefore only considers the coupling efficiency of other 5 kinds of modes.By Fig. 5
It is found that the corresponding channel couples efficiency of 5 kinds of modes is superior to -0.449 in 1.45 μm of -1.65 μm of service bands dB, present
Flat characteristic；Show that the channel couples efficiency of 5 kinds of modes is influenced equal very little by lambda1-wavelength variation；ModeLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b WithLP 21b Highest channel couples efficiency up to 0 dB, minimum is respectively 0 dB、-0.018 dB、-0.018 dBWith-
0.036 dB, modeLP 21a Highest channel couples efficiency be -0.073dB, lowest channel coupling efficiency is -0.449 dB；5
The high channel coupling efficiency of kind mode shows the good coupling effect of multiplexer；In same lambda1-wavelength range internal schemaLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b WithLP 21b To be significantly less than mode by lambda1-wavelength influence degreeLP 21a .The multiplexer coupling efficiency is better than text
Offer the mode that [15] are realized in the horizontal and vertical polarization direction of C-bandLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a 、LP 21b WithLP 02 It is flat
Equal coupling efficiency -0.4 dB、-1.69 dB、-0.82 dB、-4.07 dB、-1.99 dBWith -0.17 dB。
In short, low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer proposed by the present invention realizes mode channel graded refractive index point
Cloth, large effective area, small nonlinear factor, high coupling efficiency, wide service band characteristic；In 1.45 μm of -1.65 μm of operating waves
Section, multiplexer coupling efficiency are better than -0.449 dB, and be in flat distribution.This has weight to the further research of mode division multiplexing device
Meaning is wanted, lacks mould transmission for fiber optic communication, Front-haul lacks mould transmission functionization and provides support.
It should be pointed out that specific embodiment is the more representational example of the present invention, it is clear that skill of the invention
Art scheme is not limited to the above embodiments, and can also have many variations.Those skilled in the art define public affairs with the present invention
Written description open or according to file is undoubted to be obtained, and this patent scope of the claimed is considered as.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer；It is characterized in that include 6 identical transmission channels, it is one of as master
Transmission channel；In terms of the position of each mode channel of multiplexer and length, mode LP02Directly input main transmission channel；Mode LP11b
And LP21bChannel is placed on the main transmission channel cross section direction x, and channel length is respectively 232mm and 223mm；Its channel fibre core
The spacing of outer diameter adjacent with main channel fibre core is 2 μm；Mode LP01、LP11aAnd LP21aIt is transversal that channel is placed on main transmission channel
On the direction y of face, channel length is respectively 3293mm, 232mm and 1882mm；Its channel fibre core outer diameter adjacent with main channel fibre core
Spacing is respectively 2 μm, 2 μm and 32 μm；The cross section of these transmission channels is by pure silicon dioxide matrix blanket and to mix on the whole
Miscellaneous silica core composition；Core outer diameter, the cladding outer diameter of the channel are corresponding in turn to 38 μm and 100 μm；Core centre and optical fiber
Cladding index is respectively 1.4449 and 1.4440；The refractive index of channel core center to covering is distributed in gradation type；Refractive index is pressed
According to equationIt is arranged, n in formula1Indicate core centre refractive index,
n2Indicating cladding index, r indicates fiber radius, and a=R1=38 μm is fiber core outer diameter,
2. mode division multiplexing device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that realize graded refractive index distribution, large effective module
Scene product, 6 modes of low nonlinearity coefficient, high coupling efficiency, wide service band lack mould multiplexing；The multiplexer inversely uses, can
Realize that 6 modes lack mould demultiplexing；In 1.45 μm of -1.65 μm of service bands, which is better than -0.449dB,
And show flat characteristic.
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