CN106680936A - Modulus-division multiplexer with low nonlinear coefficients - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
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Abstract
The invention provides a modulus-division multiplexer with low nonlinear coefficients. 6-mode few-mode multiplexing with gradually-varied refractive index distribution, a large effective mode field area, low nonlinear coefficients, high coupling efficiency and a wide working band is realized; in the working band of 1.45mu m-1.65mu m, the coupling efficiency of the modulus-division multiplexer is better than -0.449dB, and a flat characteristic is achieved; and due to the characteristic, the modulus-division multiplexer has wide application prospects in the fields of optical-fiber communication few-mode transmission, Front-haul few-mode transmission and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mode division multiplexing structure, and in particular to a kind of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer, can apply
In fields such as fiber optic communication, optical Information Processings.
Background technology
Optical fiber is the important transmission medium of optical fiber telecommunications system；With the further development of optic fibre manufacturing technology, Ren Menyu
Realize within 1979 the low loss fiber for being about 0.2dB/km in the loss of 1550nm wave bands；Low loss fiber opens fiber optic communication
The revolution course in field, result in the appearance of nonlinear fiber optics field；Nineteen ninety-five, it is operated in the Er-doped fiber of 1550nm wave bands
The commercialization of amplifier so that fiber optic communication and nonlinear fiber optics obtain great development；Various types of optical fiber and optical fiber
Communication system widely paid close attention to and study [1 G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 5e,
Elsevier Inc. Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. 2012, 1-648]。
In recent years, the fiber optic communication research field based on mode division multiplexing is one of forward position focus；As its key technology it
One mode division multiplexing device gets the attention [2 Guifang Li, Neng Bai, and Ningbo Zhao and
Cen Xia, Space-division multiplexing: the next frontier in optical
communication. Advances in Optics & Photonics, 2014, 6(4):5041 - 5046]；To understand
The transmission quality problem that certainly nonlinear fiber causes in single mode fiber communications system, industry employs large effective area and reduces optical fiber
Nonlinear solution.In mode division multiplexing research field, in order to reduce fiber nonlinear effect, document [3 He Wen,
Hongjun Zheng, Benyuan Zhu and Guifang Li, Experimental Demonstration of
Long-Distance Analog Transmission over Few-Mode Fibers. OFC2015, M3E.2, 2015,
1-3] adopt the m of 1550 nm wave bands 1302The less fundamental mode optical fibre of mode field area, reduces analogue transmission signal third order intermodulation distortion 3
DB, improves the dB of signal SFDR 1.5；Document [4 Mukasa K, Imamura K, Sugizaki R.
Multi-core Few-mode optical fibers with large Aeff. European Conference and
Exhibition on Optical Communications. 2012:1-3] propose 170 m2 (LP 01 )And m2 (LP 11 )Large effective area less fundamental mode optical fibre；Document [5 Kasahara M, Saitoh K, Sakamoto T, et al.
Design of Three-Spatial-Mode Ring-Core Fiber. Journal of Lightwave
Technology, 2014, 32(7):1337-1343.] propose the m of mode field area 80 to 3602Adjustable large effective area
Toroidal cores less fundamental mode optical fibre；Document [6 Mingjun Li, et al. Low delay and large effective area
few-mode fibers for mode-division multiplexing. IEEE Opto-Electronics and
Communications Conference, 2012:495-496.] propose the m of mode field area 1862 (LP 01 )With 242 m2 (LP 11 )Large effective area less fundamental mode optical fibre, and demonstrate the few mould transmission experiments of 100 km.To sum up, in order to reduce the non-of optical fiber
Linear coefficient, increases a kind of effective solution that optical fiber effective core area is also mode division multiplexing less fundamental mode optical fibre；As these
The mode division multiplexing device of less fundamental mode optical fibre, it is also desirable to the problems such as considering large effective area, the low nonlinearity coefficient of its transmission channel.
Used as the key link of mode division multiplexing system, mode division multiplexing device is to same channel by various modes signal multiplexing
The device being transmitted, to mode division multiplexing system realize it is significant.Document [7 RolRyf, Bolle C A,
Hoyningenhuene J V. Optical Coupling Components for Spatial Multiplexing in
Multi-Mode[C].European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.
2011:1-3; 8 Li A, Chen X, Alamin A, et al. Space-Division Multiplexed High-
Speed Superchannel Transmission Over Few-Mode Fiber [J]. Journal of Lightwave
Technology, 2012, 30(24):3953-3964] a kind of mode division multiplexing device based on phase-plate is proposed, realize three
Plant mode changeover signal and be multiplexed into same channel, but this mode division multiplexing device needs the Space Coupling school of pinpoint accuracy
Standard, and it is difficult to integrated, the insertion loss of free space coupling is big, high cost.Document [9 Fontaine N K, Ryf R,
Leonsaval S G, et al. Evaluation of Photonic Lanterns for Lossless Mode-
Multiplexing[C].Optical Communications (ECOC), 2012 38th European Conference
and Exhibition on. IEEE, 2012:1-3; 10 Ryf R, Fontaine N K, Montoliu M, et al.
Photonic-lantern-based mode multiplexers for few-mode-fiber transmission[C]
.Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition. IEEE, 2014:1-3; 11
Leonsaval S G, Fontaine N K, Salazargil J R, et al. Mode-selective photonic
lanterns for space-division multiplexing[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(1):
1036-44.] a kind of " photon lantern " mode division multiplexing device of drawing cone-shaped is proposed, realize 12 road mode changeover signals and answer
Use same channel." photon lantern " although complex degree of structure it is lower than space coupler, its manufacturing process is accurate,
Complexity, the position, drawing cone thickness and length when accurately controlling fiber fuse has great difficulty；By draw taper into it is defeated
Exit port and transmission channel Incomplete matching, can cause high loss.Document [12 stones are good for. the mode division multiplexing based on less fundamental mode optical fibre
Research on Communication Technology [D]. Jilin University, 2013] devise based on the mode division multiplexing/demultiplexer of asymmetric slab guide,
Multiplexing, the demultiplexing of pattern are realized, the conversion of pattern is also achieved；But it is narrow to there is service band in the plane multiplexer,
It is difficult to integrated, the difficult problem with fused fiber splice.Document [13 Huang B, Xia C, Matz G, et al.
Structured directional coupler pair for multiplexing of degenerate modes[C]
.Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber
Optic Engineers Conference. IEEE, 2013:1-3; 14 Xie Y, Fu S, Liu H, et al.
Design and numerical optimization of a mode multiplexer based on few-mode
fiber couplers [J]. Journal of Optics, 2013, 15(12):3901-3901; 15 Tsekrekos C
P, Syvridis D. Symmetric Few-Mode Fiber Couplers as the Key Component for
Broadband Mode Multiplexing [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2014, 32
(14):2461-2467.] in devise the direct-coupled multiplexer of pattern；The multiplexer manufacturing process is simple, can directly and light
Fine welding, with wider service band；But the multiplexer be designed without consider transmission channel nonlinear problem.
The content of the invention
In state natural sciences fund (numbering 61671227 and 61431009）, Shandong Province's Natural Science Fund In The Light
（ZR2011FM015）, " Mount Taishan scholar " construction project specific project expenditure support under, the present invention proposes a kind of low nonlinearity coefficient module
Division multiplexer, realizes graded refractive index distribution, large effective module scene product, low nonlinearity coefficient, high coupling efficiency, wide work
The few mould multiplexing of 6 patterns of wave band；It is practical there is provided support for the few mould transmission of fiber optic communication, the few mould transmission of Front-haul.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
Low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer proposed by the present invention, including 6 identical transmission channels, one of them is used as main biography
Defeated channel；The cross section of these transmission channels is made up of on the whole pure silicon dioxide matrix blanket and doping silicon dioxide core；
The core external diameter of the channel, cladding outer diameter are corresponding in turn to 38 m and 100 m；Fiber core radius and index distribution Equalization Design；
Core centre and fibre cladding refractive index are respectively 1.4449 and 1.4440；Channel core center to the refractive index of covering is in gradation type
Distribution；Refractive index is according to equation
, (1)
Arrange, n in formula1Represent core centre refractive index, n2Cladding index is represented, r represents fiber radius, a=R1=38 m
It is fiber core external diameter,；The position of each channel of multiplexer and length aspect, mould
FormulaLP 02 Main transmission channel is directly inputted, to avoid patternLP 02 Coupling process loss is excessive caused by channel couples efficiency is too low；
PatternLP 11b WithLP 21b Channel is placed on main transmission channel cross section x directions, and channel length is respectively 232mm and 223mm, with
The spacing of main channel is 2 m；PatternLP 0 、LP 11a WithLP 21a Channel place in y-direction, channel length be respectively 3293mm,
232mm and 1882mm, with the spacing of main channel 2 m, 2 m and 32 m are respectively；The multiplexer is inversely used, and is capable of achieving 6 patterns
Few mould demultiplexing；Few mould multiplexer characteristic is studied using full-vector finite element method and beam propagation method.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1. the mode division multiplexing device for being proposed realize graded refractive index distribution, large effective module scene product, low nonlinearity coefficient,
The few mould multiplexing of 6 patterns of high coupling efficiency, wide service band；
2. the multiplexer is inversely used, and is capable of achieving the few mould demultiplexing of 6 patterns；
3., in 1.45 m -1.65 m service bands, the mode division multiplexing device coupling efficiency is better than -0.449 dB, and present
Flat characteristic；
4. the multiplexer characteristic makes it have wide answering in fields such as the few mould transmission of fiber optic communication, the few mould transmission of Front-haul
Use prospect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the single channel cross-sectional view of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer；R1 is core external diameter, R2 to wrap in figure
Layer external diameter；
Fig. 2 is the change of channel effective area and nonlinear factor with lambda1-wavelength of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer
Figure, the solid line difference intermediate scheme with right triangle, asterisk, circle number and period in Fig. 2 (a)LP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02 It is effective
Mode field area with lambda1-wavelength change；Solid line difference intermediate scheme with right triangle, asterisk, circle number and period in Fig. 2 (b)LP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02 Nonlinear factor with lambda1-wavelength change；
Fig. 3 is the change of the coupling length with two channel separations of different mode channel；In Fig. 3 with right triangle, asterisk, four square frames,
Circle, left triangle, the solid line of period are represented respectivelyLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a 、LP 21b WithLP 02 The coupling length of mode channel
With the change of channel separation.
Fig. 4 is mode division multiplexing device structural representation proposed by the invention；Fig. 4（a）It is overall structure diagram, Fig. 4（b）
It is the schematic diagram in main transmission channel cross section x directions, Fig. 4（c）It is the schematic diagram in y directions；
Fig. 5 is variation diagram of the various mode channel coupling efficiencies of mode division multiplexing device with lambda1-wavelength, with right triangle, star in Fig. 5
Number, four square frames, circle and left triangle solid line difference intermediate schemeLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a WithLP 21b Coupling efficiency is with incidence
The change of optical wavelength.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme, but protection domain not limited to this are described in detail with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing.
The Fig. 1 of embodiment 1 is the single channel cross-sectional view of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer of the present invention, the multiplexer
Single channel cross section is made up of on the whole pure silicon dioxide matrix blanket and doping silicon dioxide core；Each radius of circle point in figure
R1 and R2 is not expressed as, core external diameter, cladding outer diameter is corresponding in turn to, wherein, R1=38 m and R2=100 m.Channel core radius with
Index distribution Equalization Design；Channel covering and core refractive index of the centre are respectively 1.4440 and 1.4449；Channel core center is to bag
The refractive index of layer changes in gradation type, specifically according to equation（1）Arrange.Ground using full-vector finite element method and beam propagation method
The characteristic of the mode division multiplexing device is studied carefully.
Fig. 2 is the channel effective area and nonlinear factor of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer of the present invention with incident light wave
Long change, the solid line difference intermediate scheme with right triangle, asterisk, circle number and period in Fig. 2 (a)LP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02
Effective core area with lambda1-wavelength change；Solid line difference table with right triangle, asterisk, circle number and period in Fig. 2 (b)
Show patternLP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02 Nonlinear factor with lambda1-wavelength change.Can be seen that by Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b)
In 1.45 m -1.65 m service bands, the effective area of four kinds of patterns increases with the increase of lambda1-wavelength, four kinds of moulds
The effective area of formula is all much larger than standard single-mode fiber；The given input wavelength of correspondence, patternLP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02 Have
Effect area increases successively；And the nonlinear factor of four kinds of patterns reduces with the increase of wavelength, nonlinear factor all very littles；Correspondence
Given input wavelength, patternLP 01 、LP 11 、LP 21 WithLP 02 Nonlinear factor be sequentially reduced；In 1550nm wave bands, each pattern
Effective core area be both greater than the m of standard single-mode fiber 802More than 15 times；Its nonlinear factor is much smaller than standard single mode light
Fine nonlinear factor.No differentiation discussed aboveLP 11 WithLP 21 Merger pattern, be because that these merger patterns are effectively reflected
Rate is consistent with Electric Field Distribution, causes merger pattern effective core area and nonlinear factor closely similar；But two channels are carried out
During Mode Coupling, annexing modal phase difference causes coupled characteristic different, therefore below merger pattern makes a distinction discussion.
Fig. 3 be along linear polarization mode horizontal polarization direction, the coupling length of different mode channel with two channel separations change
Change.Solid line with right triangle, asterisk, four square frames, circle, left triangle, period in Fig. 3 is represented respectivelyLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a 、LP 21b WithLP 02 The coupling length of mode channel with channel separation change.Fig. 3 shows that the coupling of 6 kinds of mode channels is long
Degree increases with the increase of channel separation.LP 11b WithLP 01 Mode channel coupling length with channel separation variation tendency one
Cause,LP 01 The coupling length change of channel is slightly fast；LP 11a WithLP 21b The coupling length variation tendency of mode channel is consistent,LP 11a Letter
The coupling length in road changes much faster；LP 02 WithLP 21a The coupling length variation tendency of mode channel is consistent,LP 02 The coupling of channel
Close length change slightly slow；And the coupling length difference between three groups of mode channels is larger.Under same transmission channel spacer conditions,LP 01 The coupling length of mode channel is maximum,LP 02 The coupling length of mode channel is minimum；LP 01 The coupling length of mode channel with
The change of channel separation is maximum,LP 02 The coupling length of mode channel is minimum with the change of channel separation.When channel separation is 2-5
During m, four kinds of patternsLP 01 , LP 11a , LP 11b WithLP 21b Corresponding channel couples efficiency up to 0 dB；When channel separation is more than 5
During m, four kinds of mode channel coupling efficiencies start less than 0 dB, and corresponding coupling length starts substantially change greatly.Work as channel separation
During less than 25 m,LP 21a WithLP 02 The corresponding coupling efficiency of both of which channel is very low；When spacing is more than 25 m, two-mode channel
Coupling efficiency is significantly improved.Along linear polarization mode vertical polarization,LP 01 、LP 21a WithLP 21b Coupling length of mode channel etc.
Distinguish corresponding horizontal polarization direction coupling length in these three mode channels；LP 11a （LP 11b ）The coupling length pair of mode channel
ShouldLP 11b （LP 11a ）Coupling length of the mode channel in horizontal polarization direction.Channel spacing, letter of the research for selection of multiplexer
Road length and each pattern provide safeguard with the relative position of main transmission channel.
Fig. 4 is mode division multiplexing device structural representation proposed by the invention；Fig. 4（a）It is overall structure diagram, Fig. 4（b）
It is the schematic diagram in main transmission channel cross section x directions, Fig. 4（c）It is the schematic diagram in y directions.The multiplexer is by 6 identicals
Transmission channel is constituted, and one of them is main transmission channel.Pattern in Fig. 4LP 02 Main transmission channel is directly inputted, pattern is allowed forLP 02 Coupling efficiency it is too low can cause coupling process be lost problems of too.PatternLP 11b WithLP 21b Channel is placed on main transmission letter
On the x directions of road cross section, channel length is respectively 232mm and 223mm, and with the spacing of main channel 2 m are；PatternLP 01 、LP 11a
WithLP 21a Channel is placed in y-direction, and channel length is respectively 3293mm, 232mm and 1882mm, is distinguished with the spacing of main channel
For 2 m, 2 m and 32 m.The mode division multiplexing device contrary operation is capable of achieving 6 patterns demultiplexing function.
The mux mode channel is formed by the same channel encapsulation placed parallel, and its complex degree of structure is significantly lower than
The drawing pyramidal structure of photon lantern in Space Coupling structure that [7,8] document is mentioned and [9-11] document, effectively reduce device into
This；Channel can be using optical fiber or fiber waveguide；If channel adopts optical fiber, the multiplexer can directly with Transmission Fibers welding,
Effectively reduce insertion loss.
Fig. 5 is change of the various mode channel coupling efficiencies of mode division multiplexing device with lambda1-wavelength.In Fig. 5 with right triangle,
Asterisk, four square frames, circle and left triangle solid line difference intermediate schemeLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a WithLP 21b Coupling efficiency is with entering
Penetrate the change of optical wavelength；PatternLP 02 Main transmission channel is directly inputted, therefore only considers the coupling efficiency of other 5 kinds of patterns.By Fig. 5
Understand, in 1.45 m -1.65 m service bands, the corresponding channel couples efficiency of 5 kinds of patterns is superior to -0.449 dB, present
Flat characteristic；Show the channel couples efficiency of 5 kinds of patterns is affected equal very little by lambda1-wavelength change；PatternLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b WithLP 21b Highest channel couples efficiency up to 0 dB, it is minimum to be respectively 0 dB、-0.018 dB、-0.018 dBWith-
0.036 dB, patternLP 21a Highest channel couples efficiency be -0.073 dB, lowest channel coupling efficiency is -0.449 dB；5
The high channel coupling efficiency of the pattern of kind shows the good coupling effect of multiplexer；In same lambda1-wavelength scope internal schemaLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b WithLP 21b Pattern is significantly less than by lambda1-wavelength influence degreeLP 21a .The multiplexer coupling efficiency is better than text
Offer the pattern that [15] are realized in the horizontal and vertical polarization direction of C-bandLP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a 、LP 21b WithLP 02 It is flat
Equal coupling efficiency -0.4 dB、-1.69 dB、-0.82 dB、-4.07 dB、-1.99 dBWith -0.17 dB。
In a word, low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer proposed by the present invention realizes mode channel graded refractive index point
Cloth, large effective area, little nonlinear factor, high coupling efficiency, wide service band characteristic；In 1.45 m -1.65 m operating waves
Section, multiplexer coupling efficiency is better than -0.449 dB, and in flat distribution.This further research to mode division multiplexing device has weight
Meaning is wanted, is that the few mould of fiber optic communication is transmitted, less mould transmission is practical there is provided support for Front-haul.
It should be pointed out that specific embodiment is the more representational example of the present invention, it is clear that the skill of the present invention
Art scheme is not limited to above-described embodiment, can also there is many variations.One of ordinary skill in the art, it is clearly public with institute of the invention
Written description open or according to file is undoubted to be obtained, and is considered as this patent scope of the claimed.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of low nonlinearity coefficient module division multiplexer；It is characterized in that including 6 identical transmission channels, it is one of as main
Transmission channel；The position of each mode channel of multiplexer and length aspect, patternLP 02 Directly input main transmission channel；PatternLP 11b
WithLP 21b Channel is placed on main transmission channel cross section x directions, and channel length is respectively 232mm and 223mm, with main channel
Spacing is 2 m；PatternLP 01 、LP 11a WithLP 21a Channel place in y-direction, channel length be respectively 3293mm, 232mm and
1882mm, with the spacing of main channel 2 m, 2 m and 32 m are respectively；The cross section of these transmission channels is on the whole by pure dioxy
SiClx matrix blanket and doping silicon dioxide core are constituted；The core external diameter of the channel, cladding outer diameter are corresponding in turn to 38 m and 100
µm；Core centre and fibre cladding refractive index are respectively 1.4449 and 1.4440；Channel core center to the refractive index of covering is in gradually
Modification is distributed；Refractive index is according to equation
, (1)
Arrange, n in formula1Represent core centre refractive index, n2Cladding index is represented, r represents fiber radius, and a=R1=38 m are
Fiber core external diameter,。
2. mode division multiplexing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that realize graded refractive index distribution, large effective module
The few mould multiplexing of scene product, 6 patterns of low nonlinearity coefficient, high coupling efficiency, wide service band；The multiplexer is inversely used, can
Realize the few mould demultiplexing of 6 patterns；In 1.45 m -1.65 m service bands, the mode division multiplexing device coupling efficiency better than -
0.449dB, and present flat characteristic.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107621669A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-01-23 | 聊城大学 | A kind of low nonlinearity coefficient less fundamental mode optical fibre of concave reflectivity optial covering |
| CN107942443A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-04-20 | 聊城大学 | A kind of three pattern mode division multiplexing device of low-loss low crosstalk graded--index planar waveguides |
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| CN106019475A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏大学 | Few-mode fiber device |
| US9477045B2 (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2016-10-25 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Optical element using multicore optical fiber grating and method for processing optical signal using the same |
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- 2017-03-25 CN CN201710185041.6A patent/CN106680936B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9477045B2 (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2016-10-25 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Optical element using multicore optical fiber grating and method for processing optical signal using the same |
| CN106019475A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏大学 | Few-mode fiber device |
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| 于大伟: "《模分复用光传输关健技术研究》", 1 May 2017 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107621669A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-01-23 | 聊城大学 | A kind of low nonlinearity coefficient less fundamental mode optical fibre of concave reflectivity optial covering |
| CN107621669B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2020-09-25 | 聊城大学 | Low-nonlinearity-coefficient few-mode optical fiber with depressed refractive index cladding |
| CN107942443A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-04-20 | 聊城大学 | A kind of three pattern mode division multiplexing device of low-loss low crosstalk graded--index planar waveguides |
| CN107942443B (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2019-12-24 | 聊城大学 | Low-loss low-crosstalk gradient refractive index distribution three-mode division multiplexer |
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