CN106680503A - 一种ech1自身抗体的筛选和鉴定方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种在ECH1自身抗体的筛选和鉴定方法及其应用,包括以下步骤:通过肺癌细胞系H1299全蛋白提取物进行双向电泳,与5例肺癌患者血清和5例正常人血清进行蛋白印迹法,筛选有意义的肿瘤自身抗原,经过比对分析,仅出现在患者血清的蛋白点被进行进一步分析;SDS‑PAGE胶上的兴趣蛋白点经切割、消化后,采用LC‑MS/MS质谱分析方法对上述蛋白点进行分析,经检测鉴定为ECH1;进一步验证ECH1自身抗体能否作为肺癌诊断标志物。本发明研究发现应用ELISA方法进行血清ECH1自身抗体的检测,可以较准确地将肺癌患者和正常人,以及慢性肺病患者鉴别开来,并可以用于肺癌的早期诊断。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种ECH1自身抗体的筛选和鉴定方法及其应用。
背景技术
肺癌是中国,以及全球发病率及死亡率第一的恶性肿瘤。在过去的40年间,肺癌的5年生存率仅从12%上升至16%,最主要原因是诊断时已属晚期,相反,早期诊断的肺癌进行手术后生存率可提高到80%。可见,早发现、早期诊断对肺癌的治疗及预后具有重要的临床意义。当前广泛运用的检测手段包括无创检查(如X线、CT、钼靶摄片等)和有创检查(纤维支气管镜、支气管造影、B超或CT定位下穿刺活检等),但缺乏依从性和普及运用的可能。找寻新的肺癌分子标志物,尤其是血清分子标志物,让肺癌患者能够及时有效的早查、早诊、早治,是提高肺癌患者生存率、降低死亡率的关键科学问题。尽管目前有一些肿瘤标志物,如CA125(癌抗原125)、CA19-9(癌抗原19-9)、CEA(癌胚抗原)等可用于肺癌的检测,但敏感性和特异性均不高,所以目前为止,尚没有理想的可供临床使用的肺癌早期筛查和诊断标志物。
肿瘤相关抗原(tumor-associate antigens,TAAs)的自身抗体在正常人和非肿瘤患者血清中不存在或滴度很低,而且患者血清中自身抗体水平的升高往往早于肿瘤症状的出现。再者,抗-TAA抗体具有其它肿瘤标志物不具备的优势,一方面是它能够在血清中持续稳定存在,而其它的标志物,包括TAA本身,在其被肿瘤细胞释放后就被快速降解或者在其进入血液循环后的很短时间内就被机体清除,而且,检测自身抗体检测方法和试剂的普及性也有助于研究癌症患者体内抗-TAA抗体的产生规律和功能。因此检测抗-TAAs的自身抗体可以作为早期肿瘤的血清标志物。各国学者已开展相关多项研究,值得一提的是EarlyCDT-Lung test的研究成果。EarlyCDT-Lung test是首个通过检测血清中自身抗体以检测肺癌的工具,用以辅助内科医生的物理检查方法,从而提高肺癌诊断率。最初,该实验包括六种TAAs自身抗体(p53,NY-ESO-1,CAGE,GBU4-5,Annexin I和SOX2)的检测,检测肺癌的灵敏度和特异度分别为40%和82%。新一版的EarlyCDT-Lung test将TAAs自身抗体更新至7种(p53,NY-ESO-1,CAGE,GBU4-5,SOX2,HuD和MAGE A4),其灵敏度和特异度也分别提高到47%和90%。有研究显示,这些自身抗体结果阳性的非小细胞肺癌患者中超过一半(57%)为I期和II期的早期肺癌,提示EarlyCDT-Lung test可作为辅助CT早期检测肺癌的生物学标志物检查工具。这些研究成果提示肿瘤相关抗原抗体的检测将有望成为肺癌早期检测的重要血清学生物标志物。但值得注意的是,EarlyCDT-Lung test虽然具有较高的特异度和阳性预测值,但灵敏度仍然不够理想(不到50%),漏诊的病例较多,导致大量患者未能被及时发现,而错失手术治疗的良机。鉴于目前自身抗体检测在肺癌诊断的临床应用中仍有不足,不断地发现和鉴定新的肺癌相关TAAs仍是一项重要的工作。
综上所述,为了最终实现降低肺癌的死亡率,提高生存率,本领域迫切需要筛选和鉴定更加敏感、特异血清学自身抗体标志物,并开发操作简单、成本低、适用范围广泛的检测肺癌自身抗体的试剂盒。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服肺癌现有肿瘤标志物不理想的问题,旨在提高肺癌早期诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确性。利用一种特异性高、敏感度强的诊断标志物制备稳定性好、检测方便的用于肺癌早期诊断的试剂。提供一种在ECH1自身抗体的筛选和鉴定方法及其应用,具体设计一种能区分肺癌和正常人的抗肿瘤相关抗原ECH1(enoyl-CoA hydratase 1)自身抗体。本发明的另一目的是提供该抗肿瘤相关抗原ECH1自身抗体的ELISA检测方法。其具体技术方案为:
一种ECH1自身抗体的筛选和鉴定方法,包括以下步骤:
1)通过肺癌细胞系H1299全蛋白提取物进行双向电泳,与5例肺癌患者血清和5例正常人血清进行蛋白印迹法,筛选有意义的肿瘤自身抗原,经过比对分析,仅出现在患者血清的蛋白点被进行进一步分析;
2)SDS-PAGE胶上的兴趣蛋白点经切割、消化后,采用LC-MS/MS质谱分析方法对上述蛋白点进行分析,经检测鉴定为ECH1;
3)为进一步验证ECH1自身抗体能否作为肺癌诊断标志物,应用ELISA检测方法,对90例肺癌患者血清,90例慢性肺病患者血清,以及89例正常人血清进行ECH1自身抗体水平的检测;结果显示,ECH1自身抗体在肺癌患者血清中的表达水平高于慢性阻塞性肺炎(以下简称:慢阻肺)患者和正常人血清,具有统计学意义。
进一步,步骤3)中所述ECH1自身抗体水平的检测的步骤具体为:用抗原稀释液将纯化的ECH1蛋白稀释至0.5ug/ml,包被96孔板,血清样本1:100稀释,与抗原作用后,与辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗人IgG抗体反应,最终加入ABTS(2,2ˊ-连氮基-双(3-乙基苯并二氢噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐)底物液进行显色。在酶标仪下读取OD值,以反应血清中ECH1自身抗体的水平。
本发明所述ECH1自身抗体在肺癌与正常人和慢性肺病的鉴别过程中的应用。
本发明所述ECH1自身抗体在肺癌早期诊断过程中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供一种操作简单、成本低、准确性高、无创伤的应用于临床的肺癌诊断的血清生物标志物。本发明研究发现应用ELISA方法进行血清ECH1自身抗体的检测,可以较准确地将肺癌患者和正常人,以及慢阻肺患者鉴别开来,并可以用于肺癌的早期诊断。在此背景下提供此方便、快捷、有效的检测肺癌患者,可用于临床的肺癌早期诊断。
附图说明
图1是筛选和鉴定肺癌ECH1自身抗体的技术路线;
图2是血清蛋白组学检测结果,其中图2A为H1299肺癌细胞系经双向电泳后考马斯亮蓝染色结果,图2B为肺癌患者血清的双向电泳-免疫印迹结果,图2C为正常人血清的双向电泳-免疫印迹结果;
图3是肺癌患者、慢阻肺患者和正常人血清中ECH1自身抗体的滴度水平;
图4是受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析ECH1自身抗体对肺癌的诊断效能。A:肺癌患者和正常对照的ROC分析;B:肺癌患者和慢阻肺的ROC分析;C:肺癌和正常对照+慢阻肺的ROC分析。A:肺癌患者和正常对照的ROC分析;B:肺癌患者和慢阻肺的ROC分析;C:肺癌和正常对照+慢阻肺的ROC分析。Sensitivity:灵敏度;specificity:特异度;AUC:曲线下面积
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方案对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
本发明采用血清蛋白质组学技术(如图1)筛选肺癌相关肿瘤抗原,并应用ELISA方法检测肺癌患者血清中ECH1抗体水平。
1)通过肺癌细胞系H1299全蛋白提取物进行双向电泳,与5例肺癌患者血清和5例正常人血清进行蛋白印迹法,筛选有意义的肿瘤自身抗原,经过比对分析,仅出现在患者血清的蛋白点被进行进一步分析(如图2)。
2)SDS-PAGE胶上的兴趣蛋白点经切割、消化后,采用LC-MS/MS质谱分析方法对上述蛋白点进行分析,经检测鉴定为ECH1。
3)为进一步验证ECH1自身抗体能否作为肺癌诊断标志物,应用ELISA检测方法,对90例肺癌患者血清,90例慢阻肺患者血清,以及89例正常人血清进行ECH1自身抗体水平的检测,其步骤包括:用抗原稀释液将纯化的ECH1蛋白稀释至0.5ug/ml,包被96孔板,血清样本1:100稀释,与抗原作用后,与辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗人IgG抗体反应,最终加入ABTS底物液进行显色。在酶标仪(405nm吸光度)下读取OD值,以反应血清中ECH1自身抗体的水平。结果显示,ECH1自身抗体在肺癌患者血清中的表达水平高于COPD患者和正常人血清,具有统计学意义(P<0.001,如图3所示)。
4)为检测ECH1自身抗体对于肺癌患者的鉴别能力,本发明通过对肺癌患者组与慢阻肺组,以及肺癌患者组与正常人组进行ROC曲线分析,结果显示,肺癌对正常人的曲线下面积为0.799(0.731-0.867),灵敏度和特异度分别为62.2%和95.5%;肺癌对慢阻肺的曲线下面积为0.801(0.732-0.870),灵敏度和特异度分别为62.2%和97.8%(图4)。
5)为进一步了解ECH1自身抗体在肺癌早期诊断中的应用价值,本发明对25例早期(I期)肺癌患者血清以及56例配对正常人血清进行ECH1检测,并进行ROC分析,结果显示曲线下面积及95%可信区间为0.763(0.641-0.884),灵敏度和特异度分别为60.0%和89.3%。
结果表明,本发明提供的ECH1自身抗体可作为早期肺癌的诊断标志物,本发明提供了所述ECH1自身抗体标志物的ELISA检测方法;本发明提供的ECH1自身抗体可用于肺癌的诊断。
1.血清标本收集
本发明中共使用90例肺癌患者血清、90例慢阻肺患者血清和89例正常人血清,进行ECH1自身抗体在肺癌诊断中的初步评价。另外25例早期肺癌血清和56例年龄性别匹配的正常人血清进行进一步在早期肺癌中诊断价值的评价。所有肺癌患者均经病理学诊断肺癌,正常人来自常规体检人群。血液标本于2000g离心5分钟,收集血清,-80℃保存备用。
2.双向电泳-蛋白印迹分析
使用再水化样本缓冲液(8M尿素,50mM DTT,4%CHAPS,2%两性载体ampholytes溶液,Bio-Rad公司)充分裂解肺癌细胞H1299,室温涡旋震荡1个小时,4℃16000g离心20分钟,留上清。取200微克蛋白上清液置于IPG胶条上(7cm,pH 3-10),在Protein IEF Cell(Bio-Rad)进行第一向等点聚焦,共使用3个胶条。一向聚焦的条件为:每个胶条电流50mM,电压30V 30分钟,然后3500V 2.5小时,最后8000V 5个小时。聚焦结束的3个胶条立即进行平衡及第二向SDS-PAGE电泳,电泳结束后,一个SDS-PAGE胶进行考马斯亮蓝染色(图2A)。另外两块SDS-PAGE胶进行蛋白印迹分析,操作如下:在点转移装置中将SDS-PAGE胶上的蛋白点转移至硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜),NC膜在封闭液(含5%脱脂奶粉和0.05%Tween20的PBS溶液,PBST)中室温封闭1小时,然后分别与五例患者血清混合液或5例正常人血清混合液(1:500稀释在封闭液中)4℃孵育过夜,PBST洗涤三次,再与1:10000稀释的羊抗人IgG-HRP二抗反应1小时。PBST洗膜三次后,进行化学发光反应,最后曝光,拍照(图2B和图2C)。
3.质谱分析
通过对比与正常人血清和肺癌患者血清反应的NC膜,将仅出现在患者血清中的蛋白点(图2B和图2C),在SDS-PAGE胶上相应的蛋白点切割下来,消化后进行LC-MS/MS串联质谱分析(具体由生物工程公司进行质谱分析)。最后利用BioTools软件搜索NCBI数据库,寻找匹配的相关蛋白质,同时查询其功能,以明确鉴定的蛋白质的种类和功能。结果经过分析比对,发现了34KD处的蛋白点为ECH1蛋白。
4.ELISA法检测ECH1自身抗体的血清表达水平
4.1所需试剂:
1)0.5M磷酸盐缓冲液:56.8g Na2HPO4,13.8g NaH2PO4·H2O,加蒸馏水至1L。
2)PBS缓冲液(pH7.2):65.4g NaCl,0.5M磷酸盐缓冲液160ml,加蒸馏水至8L。
3)PBST:PBS缓冲液1L,加入0.5ml Tween20,混匀。
4)封闭液:10mg/ml明胶100ml,NaCl 8.2g,0.5M磷酸盐缓冲液20ml,加蒸馏水至1L。
5)血清稀释液:10mg/ml明胶100ml,NaCl 8.2g,0.5M磷酸盐缓冲液20ml,BGG(bovine gamma globulin)5g,BSA(bovine serum albumin)1g,10%Tween-20 5ml,加蒸馏水至1L。
6)二抗稀释液:NaCl 8.2g,0.5M磷酸盐缓冲液20ml,BGG 1g,BSA 5g,10%Tween-205ml加蒸馏水至1L。
7)McIIvain’s缓冲液:0.2M Na2HPO4 234ml,0.1M枸橼酸溶液266ml,混匀,调pH值至4.6.
8)ABST底物工作液:10mg/ml ABST 2ml,McIIvain’s缓冲液18ml,H2O2 0.1ml,新鲜配置。
4.2ECH1自身抗体检测方法
1)抗原包被:从生物公司购买的纯化ECH1蛋白,用PBS稀释至0.5ug/ml,在每个96孔板加100ul,4℃过夜。
2)封闭:PBST洗板3次,每孔加入200ul封闭液,37℃孵育2小时,PBST洗三次,拍干。
3)与一抗反应:血清样本用血清稀释液1:100稀释,每孔加入100ul,室温孵育2小时,PBST洗涤三次,拍干。
4)与二抗反应:羊抗人IgG-HRP抗体用二抗稀释液1:4000稀释,每孔加入100ul,室温孵育2小时,洗涤三次,拍干。
5)显色:每个反应孔加入ABTS底物工作液100ul,室温孵育30分钟。
6)结果判定:用酶标仪405nm波长测定各孔OD值。
5.统计分析方法
本发明使用Manner-Whitney U检验分析比较两组血清抗体的表达水平差异;ROC曲线确定抗体阳性的判断标准,即约登指数最大的OD值;根据曲线下面积(AUC)判断抗体对肺癌的鉴别能力。所有统计分析使用SPSS20.0软件进行,P<0.05为统计判断标准。
6.临床上检测ECH1自身抗体在肺癌诊断中的应用
1)ECH1自身抗体对肺癌与正常人和慢性肺病(慢阻肺)的鉴别能力:
本发明用ELISA检测方法对90例肺癌患者血清,90例正常人血清和89例COPD患者血清进行ECH1自身抗体水平的检测,结果显示,肺癌血清中ECH1自身抗体的OD值中位数为0.187,显著高于正常人血清(0.082)与COPD血清(0.077),P值均小于0.001(见图3)。ECH1自身抗体肺癌对于正常人的AUC及95%可信区间为0.799(0.731-0.867),灵敏度和特异度分别为62.2%和95.5%,准确性为78.8%;肺癌对于COPD的AUC及95%可信区间为0.801(0.732-0.870),灵敏度和特异度分别为62.2%和97.8%,准确性为80.0%(图4)。本发明提示,ECH1自身抗体可以很好地将肺癌与正常人和慢阻肺区别开来。
2)ECH1自身抗体对早期肺癌诊断价值
本发明用ELISA检测方法对25例肺癌早期患者(I期)和56例性别年龄匹配的正常人血清进行ECH1自身抗体水平的检测,结果显示,早期肺癌患者ECH1自身抗体OD值中位数为0.171,显著高于正常人血清(0.093),统计学检验P<0.008。ROC分析结果显示,早期肺癌对于正常人的曲线下面积AUC及可信区间是0.763(0.641-0.884),灵敏度和特异度分别为60.0%和89.3%。本发明结果提示,ECH1自身抗体可以作为早期肺癌的诊断生物标志物。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,本发明的保护范围不限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,可显而易见地得到的技术方案的简单变化或等效替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种ECH1自身抗体的筛选和鉴定方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)通过肺癌细胞系H1299全蛋白提取物进行双向电泳,与5例肺癌患者血清和5例正常人血清进行蛋白印迹法,筛选有意义的肿瘤自身抗原,经过比对分析,仅出现在患者血清的蛋白点被进行进一步分析;
2)SDS-PAGE胶上的兴趣蛋白点经切割、消化后,采用LC-MS/MS质谱分析方法对上述蛋白点进行分析,经检测鉴定为ECH1;
3)为进一步验证ECH1自身抗体能否作为肺癌诊断标志物,应用ELISA检测方法,对90例肺癌患者血清,90例慢性肺病患者血清,以及89例正常人血清进行ECH1自身抗体水平的检测;结果显示,ECH1自身抗体在肺癌患者血清中的表达水平高于慢阻肺患者和正常人血清,具有统计学意义。
2.根据权利要求1所述的ECH1自身抗体的筛选和鉴定方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述ECH1自身抗体水平的检测的步骤具体为:用抗原稀释液将纯化的ECH1蛋白稀释至0.5ug/ml,包被96孔板,血清样本1:100稀释,与抗原作用后,与辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗人IgG抗体反应,最终加入ABTS底物液进行显色;在酶标仪下读取OD值,以反应血清中ECH1自身抗体的水平。
3.权利要求1所述的所述ECH1自身抗体在肺癌与正常人和慢性肺病的鉴别过程中的应用。
4.权利要求1所述的所述ECH1自身抗体在肺癌早期诊断过程中的应用。
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