CN106679872A - Surface residual stress ultrasonic detection method capable of achieving direct coupling wave generation - Google Patents
Surface residual stress ultrasonic detection method capable of achieving direct coupling wave generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106679872A CN106679872A CN201710056226.7A CN201710056226A CN106679872A CN 106679872 A CN106679872 A CN 106679872A CN 201710056226 A CN201710056226 A CN 201710056226A CN 106679872 A CN106679872 A CN 106679872A
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- transducer
- couplant
- straight coupling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a surface residual stress ultrasonic detection method capable of achieving direct coupling wave generation, and belongs to the technical filed of ultrasonic detection. According to the method, a wave generation mode of coupling agent direct coupling is adopted, ultrasonic waves pass through a single coupling agent medium and directly emit into a measured material, and an adopted direct coupling wave generation ultrasonic probe is in a one-emitting double-receiving stress measurement mode. Firstly, the direct coupling wave generation ultrasonic probe is designed and assembled, the assembled direct coupling wave generation ultrasonic probe is placed on the surface of the measured material, and the measurement cardinal plane is kept in full contact with the surface. A coupling agent is stably injected into a coupling agent cavity from a valve opening, an ultrasonic wave direct spreading passageway is formed, and surface residual stress ultrasonic detection is carried out. According to the method, wave generation and coupling are completed at the same time, fewer ultrasonic wave spreading interfaces exist, the quality of received signals is guaranteed, and the signal to noise ratio is increased. According to the adopted stress measurement mode, transit time difference calculation precision is guaranteed, and the measurement spatial resolution is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasonic detecting technology field, more particularly to a kind of straight coupling makes the surface residual stress ultrasound detection of ripple
Method.
Background technology
One of residual stress detection important step indispensable during having become Grand Equipments manufacture and being on active service.Stress
Supersonic testing method has the advantages that to measured piece not damaged because of which, measurement efficiency is high, apparatus structure is simple, portable operation, can expire
The urgent needss towards site environment detection are enough to, development potentiality is big.
It is the Main Means that measurement obtains piece surface residual stress based on the stress ultrasound detection of critical refraction longitudinal wave, its
The highly reliable critical refraction longitudinal wave of middle construction is core link, also known as wave generation.Routine makes wave method mostly using organic
Glass voussoir realizes that such wave mode is made ripple, i.e. voussoir and makes ripple.To ensure the acoustic impedance match between lucite voussoir and measured piece,
A large amount of couplants need to be smeared between probe-voussoir, voussoir-measured material faying face, or probe and measured piece are integrally immersed
In couplant.In actual measurement, the ultrasound wave that transmitting transducer sends is needed through between " couplant-voussoir-measured material " medium
Multiple interface get to receive transducer.The ultrasonic energy loss that multiple solutions cause is larger, so as to cause what is received
Ultrasonic signal is of poor quality, and during sound, the signal to noise ratio of signal is low, the increase of sound time difference calculation error, the certainty of measurement of appreciable impact stress.
In addition, this voussoir make wave method generation multiple solutions energy attenuation for upper frequency ultrasonic propagation be it is insupportable,
And then hinder by raising supersonic frequency to improve the method trial of certainty of measurement.By breaking between transducer and measured material
Voussoir hinder, ripple is directly made using couplant, referred to as straight coupling makes ripple.Reduce and propagate number of interfaces, the letter of signal during raising sound
Make an uproar ratio, for explore a kind of new ultrasonic critical refraction longitudinal wave make involve that surface residual stress high-precision detecting method provides can
Row.
2008, outstanding male grade of fourth was disclosed in a kind of critical refraction longitudinal wave survey component in patent of invention CN101121741A
The auxiliary device of portion's tangential stress, realizes variable-angle voussoir and makes ripple, but ultrasonic attenuation can be aggravated in extra increased interface；
2013, Wang Xiao etc. employed a kind of mode of water logging coupling in patent of invention CN103543206A and carries out Aluminum alloy tensile plate
The detection of residual stress, but the method cannot meet large-scale plate measurement requirement.
Said method or device do not refer to the surface residual stress supersonic detection method that ripple is made based on straight coupling.
The content of the invention
Present invention mainly solves problem be to overcome the shortcomings of existing method, make ultrasound wave under ripple mode for conventional voussoir
Multiple solutions propagate the problem of Signal-to-Noise difference when being easily caused fast sound energy attenuation, sound, invent the surface residual that a kind of straight coupling makes ripple
Stress supersonic detection method.The process employs that couplant is direct-coupled to make ripple mode, ultrasound wave Jing Single Mediums-coupling
Agent, is directly transmitted to measured material, reduces the medium interface quantity in transonic path, is conducive to suppressing ultrasonic signal energy
Decay, significantly improves the signal to noise ratio of ultrasonic signal；Using the stress measurement pattern of " a double receipts ", the sound time difference is advantageously ensured that
Computational accuracy, improves measurement space resolution；Ultrasonic measurement sonde configuration is simple, small volume, be easy to operation.
The technical solution used in the present invention is the surface residual stress supersonic detection method that a kind of straight coupling makes ripple, its feature
It is to the process employs that couplant is direct-coupled to make ripple mode, the single couplant media of ultrasound wave Jing are directly transmitted to tested
Material, the straight coupling for adopting make waves ultrasonic probe for the stress measurement pattern of " a double receipts ", advantageously ensure that the sound time difference calculates
Precision；Method is comprised the following steps that：
The first step is designed and assembles straight coupling makes waves ultrasonic probe
Straight coupling makes the structure design of waves ultrasonic probe：On probe matrix 5 respectively processing install transmitting transducer 2, the
The circular hole and screwed hole of one receive transducer 3 and the second receive transducer 4, should ensure that straight coupling makes waves ultrasonic probe incidence axis
A, first receive axis b and second and receive axis c with the normal direction of measurement basal plane s into first critical angle θ, and three axis designs
In the same plane；First critical angle θ need to meet following condition,
In formula, v1The acoustic speed of propagation for being ultrasound wave in couplant, v2The acoustic speed of propagation for being ultrasound wave in measured material.
The reception axis b of incident axis a and first are mirrored symmetrically；First reception axis b is parallel with the second reception axis c,
And ensure that the first reception axis b and second receives measurement distance d between axis c, three valves are machined with respectively on probe matrix 5
Mouth 6；
Assembling：The straight coupling for adopting is made waves ultrasonic probe and is changed for transmitting for the version of " a double receipts ", i.e. " one "
Energy device 2, " double receipts " are completed by the first receive transducer 3 and the second receive transducer 4；Transmitting transducer 2, first is received into transducing
Device 3 and the second receive transducer 4 are embedded in and are installed to spy along incident axis a, the first reception axis b and the second reception axis c respectively
In head matrix 5, and fastened with bolt assembly 1 respectively, that is, completed the assembling that straight coupling makes waves ultrasonic probe；
Second step injects couplant
Straight coupling after by assembling makes the surface f that waves ultrasonic probe is placed into measured material 7, and keep measuring basal plane s with
Surface f is fully contacted；Using couplant direct-coupling make ripple mode, under external pressure, couplant is via 6 quilt of valve port
Stably it is injected in couplant cavity e, forms the direct propagation path of ultrasound wave；
3rd step is made waves ultrasonic probe using straight coupling and carries out surface residual stress ultrasound detection,
First, transmitting transducer 2 launches pulse type supersonic C according to certain frequency；On surface, f forms critical refraction and indulges
Ripple；Meanwhile, the first receive transducer 3 and the second receive transducer 4 are gathered respectively to obtain with a fixed response time first and receive and are faced
Boundary refracted longitudinal wave D and second receives critical refraction longitudinal wave E；Waveform correlation Envelope Analysis are carried out, acquisition first is calculated and is received critical
Refracted longitudinal wave D and second receives the sound time difference Δ t of critical refraction longitudinal wave E；Bring sound time difference Δ t into equation below, calculate and obtain
Surface residual stress σ between measurement distance d,
σ=B (Δ t- Δ t0) (2)
In formula, B is sonic elastic modulus, Δ t0For the unstress state sound time difference between measurement distance d；During actual measurement, sound
Elastic constant B and unstress state sound time difference Δ t0Jing experimental calibrations are needed to obtain.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows the direct-coupled critical refraction longitudinal wave of couplant proposed by the present invention makes wave method, together
When complete to make ripple and couple；Ultrasonic propagation interface is few, it is ensured that received signal quality, improves signal to noise ratio.Using " one double
The stress measurement pattern of receipts ", advantageously ensures that sound time difference computational accuracy, improves measurement space resolution.Ultrasonic measurement is popped one's head in
Simple structure, small volume, be easy to operation.
Description of the drawings：
Accompanying drawing 1 makes waves ultrasonic measurement of stress schematic diagram for straight coupling；Accompanying drawing 2 is the overall installation diagram of probe；Wherein, 1- bolts
Component, 2- transmitting transducers, the first receive transducers of 3-, the second receive transducers of 4-, 5- probe matrixes, 6- valve ports, 7- are tested
Material, a- incidence axis, b- first receive axis, and c- second receives axis, and d- measurement distances, e- couplant cavitys, f- are tested
Material surface, s- ultrasonic probes measurement basal plane, θ-first critical angle；
Accompanying drawing 3 is that ultrasound emission receives critical refraction and indulges with signal graph, wherein C- pulse type supersonics, D- first is received
Ripple, E- second receive critical refraction longitudinal wave, the Δ t- sound time differences.
Specific embodiment：
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing and technical scheme.
Straight coupling makes waves ultrasonic probe key parameter and its assembling：Using pure water as couplant, measured material is 5052
Aluminium alloy；Under the conditions of 20 DEG C of room temperature, in pure water, the velocity of sound is 1497m/s to ultrasonic longitudinal wave, in 5052 aluminium alloys, the velocity of sound is
6320m/s, it is 13.70 ° to bring equation (1) into and calculate first critical angle θ；Measurement distance d is 19mm；Ultrasonic probe each several part it is several
What relation is as shown in Figure 1.Transmitting transducer 2, the first receive transducer 3 and the second receive transducer 4 are respectively along incident axis
A, the first reception axis b and the second embedded being installed to of reception axis c are popped one's head in matrix 5, and are carried out tightly by bolt assembly 1 respectively
Gu, the assembling that straight coupling makes ripple probe is completed, accompanying drawing 2 is the overall installation diagram of probe.
Straight coupling makes the surface residual stress supersonic detection method of ripple：Ultrasonic probe is measured into basal plane s and measured material first
Surface f is fully contacted；Couplant is injected in couplant cavity e via valve port 6；Under ultrasonic transmitter regulation and control, transmitting is changed
Energy device 2 inspires pulse type supersonic C according to certain frequency；Coupled dose of ultrasound wave C is incident to measured material 7, in surface f shapes
Into critical refraction longitudinal wave, communication process is as shown in Figure 1.First receive transducer 3 and the second receive transducer 4 carry out ultrasound in real time
The reception of signal, receives signal and is respectively the first reception critical refraction longitudinal wave D and the second reception critical refraction longitudinal wave E, such as accompanying drawing 3
It is shown.Waveform correlation Envelope Analysis are carried out to the first reception critical refraction longitudinal wave D and the second reception critical refraction longitudinal wave E, is calculated
The sound time difference Δ t for obtaining two compressional waves is 5862.1ns.
5052 aluminium alloy of measured material is made into 8mm thickness standard tensile test specimens, stepped-style is carried out in material stretching-machine
Stretching, demarcates the sonic elastic modulus B=3.9479MPa/ns obtained in formula (2), during unstress state sound between measurement distance d
Difference Δ t0=5845.2ns.Sound time difference Δ t=5862.1ns is brought in formula (2), is calculated and is obtained between measurement distance d=19mm
Surface residual stress σ=66.72MPa.
The direct-coupled critical refraction longitudinal wave of couplant proposed by the present invention makes wave method, completes to make by couplant simultaneously
Ripple with couple；Ultrasonic propagation interface is few, it is ensured that receive the signal quality of ultrasound wave；The structure of ultrasonic of " a double receipts "
It is compact, it is easy to operation.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of straight coupling makes the surface residual stress supersonic detection method of ripple, it is characterized in that, the process employs couplant direct
What is coupled makes ripple mode, and the single couplant media of ultrasound wave Jing are directly transmitted to measured material, and the straight coupling of employing makes waves ultrasound
The stress measurement pattern popped one's head in as " a double receipts ", advantageously ensures that sound time difference computational accuracy；Method is comprised the following steps that：
The first step is designed and assembles straight coupling makes waves ultrasonic probe
Straight coupling makes the structure design of waves ultrasonic probe：On probe matrix (5) respectively processing install transmitting transducer (2), the
The circular hole and screwed hole of one receive transducer (3) and the second receive transducer (4), should ensure that straight coupling makes waves ultrasonic probe incident
Axis (a), first receive axis (b) and second receive axis (c) with measure basal plane (s) normal direction into first critical angle θ, and
Three axis designs are in the same plane；First critical angle θ need to meet following condition,
In formula, v1The acoustic speed of propagation for being ultrasound wave in couplant, v2The acoustic speed of propagation for being ultrasound wave in measured material；
Incident axis (a) is mirrored symmetrically with the first reception axis (b)；First receives axis (b) is put down with the second reception axis (c)
OK, and ensure the first reception axis (b) and the second measurement distance d received between axis (c), on probe matrix (5) respectively plus
Work has three valve ports (6)；
Assembling：The straight coupling for adopting makes waves ultrasonic probe for the version of " a double receipts ", i.e., " one " is transmitting transducer
(2), " double receipts " are completed by the first receive transducer (3) and the second receive transducer (4)；Transmitting transducer (2), first are received
Transducer (3) and the second receive transducer (4) receive axis (b) and second along incident axis (a), first respectively and receive axis
C () is embedded to be installed in probe matrix (5), and is fastened with bolt assembly (1) respectively, that is, complete straight coupling and make waves ultrasound spy
Head assembling；
Second step injects couplant
Straight coupling after by assembling makes the surface (f) that waves ultrasonic probe is placed into measured material (7), and keeps measuring basal plane (s)
It is fully contacted with surface (f)；Using couplant direct-coupling make ripple mode, under external pressure, couplant is via valve
Mouth (6) is stably injected into couplant cavity (e), forms the direct propagation path of ultrasound wave；
3rd step is made waves ultrasonic probe using straight coupling and carries out surface residual stress ultrasound detection,
First, transmitting transducer (2) is according to certain frequency transmitting pulse type supersonic (C)；Critical refraction is formed on surface (f) to indulge
Ripple；Meanwhile, the first receive transducer (3) and the second receive transducer (4) are gathered respectively to obtain and have the first of a fixed response time to connect
Receive critical refraction longitudinal wave (D) and second and receive critical refraction longitudinal wave (E)；Waveform correlation Envelope Analysis are carried out, is calculated and is obtained first
Receive critical refraction longitudinal wave (D) and second and receive the sound time difference Δ t of critical refraction longitudinal wave (E)；Bring sound time difference Δ t into following public affairs
Formula, calculates the surface residual stress obtained between measurement distance d
σ=B (Δ t- Δ t0) (2)
In formula, B is sonic elastic modulus, Δ t0For the unstress state sound time difference between measurement distance d；During actual measurement, acoustic elasticity is normal
Number B and unstress state sound time difference Δ t0Jing experimental calibrations are needed to obtain.
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| CN108827533A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-11-16 | 杭州戬威机电科技有限公司 | A kind of explosive residual stress supersonic testing method sound bullet factor calibration device |
| CN109270464A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-01-25 | 华南理工大学 | Lead-acid accumulator Temperature of junction bar stress mornitoring method and apparatus based on ultrasound |
| CN109341912A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-15 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces |
| CN109883592A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-06-14 | 北京理工大学 | Dynamic rod piece residual stress non-destructive testing device |
| CN109959477A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-02 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of GIS disc insulator epoxy test block internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method and system |
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| CN110231116A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-13 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of composite material surface stress ultrasonic measurement method |
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| CN112765543A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-07 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Acoustic time difference algorithm for ultrasonic detection |
| CN112798164A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-14 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Steel construction residual stress ultrasonic monitoring device |
| CN114526854A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-24 | 中国市政工程中南设计研究总院有限公司 | Method and device for controlling stress of water delivery steel pipe and storage medium |
| CN115615591B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-07-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Plane stress ultrasonic measurement method based on multi-wafer air coupling transducer |
| CN115615591A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-01-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-crystal-element air coupling transducer, planar stress ultrasonic measurement method thereof, computer and storage medium |
| CN116295987A (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-06-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-spatial-resolution stress dynamic measurement method based on air-coupled ultrasound |
| CN116295987B (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-10-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-spatial-resolution stress dynamic measurement method based on air-coupled ultrasound |
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