CN110231116A - A kind of composite material surface stress ultrasonic measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of composite material surface stress ultrasonic measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110231116A CN110231116A CN201910576370.2A CN201910576370A CN110231116A CN 110231116 A CN110231116 A CN 110231116A CN 201910576370 A CN201910576370 A CN 201910576370A CN 110231116 A CN110231116 A CN 110231116A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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Abstract
A kind of composite material surface stress ultrasonic measurement method of the present invention belongs to ultrasonic detecting technology field, is related to a kind of composite material surface stress ultrasound adaptation measurement method.This method designs and assembles first varied angle ultrasonic device for measuring, and integrated ultrasonic transducer.Secondly, ultrasonic device for measuring is connected by yielding coupling with robot end, ultrasonic pulse receive-transmit system is installed, is connected using ultrasonic pulse transceiver with ultrasonic transducer.Finally, calibration composite material sonic elastic modulus, completes surface stress measurement.The present invention designs and assembles incidence angle variable ultrasonic device for measuring, by the variable adjustment of ultrasonic incidence angle, to adapt to the anisotropy of compound material ultrasound spread speed.Device is simple and compact, improves measurement spatial resolution.This method can meet the composite material surface stress measurement demand of Facing to Manufacturing site environment, realize the surface stress ultrasonic automatic scanning measurement of robot assisted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasonic detecting technology field, in particular to a kind of composite material surface stress ultrasonic measurement method.
Background technique
Composite material has many advantages, such as that small specific gravity, specific strength and specific modulus are big, is widely used in the important work such as aerospace
Industry field.However, composite material in the manufacturing and application process, is easily influenced by temperature, chemical shrinkage and assembly etc.,
Composite material surface generates residual stress, seriously restricts the safe usage service life of part, residual stress nondestructive measurement is to assessment
Composite property is of great significance.Residual stress non-destructive measuring method includes X-ray diffraction method, Raman spectroscopy and ultrasound
Method etc., ultrasonic method have many advantages, such as that device is simple, at low cost, applied widely, are that Facing to Manufacturing site environment composite material is residual
The effective means of residue stress detection.
It is high to stress variation sensibility based on the detection method of critical refraction longitudinal wave, it is widely used in stress ultrasound detection neck
Domain.Critical refraction longitudinal wave wave making method meets Snell law, however, the composite material velocity of sound, which is propagated, has serious anisotropy, surpasses
The sound difference direction of propagation has different spread speeds, therefore, needs multiple groups different incident to obtain different directions stress state
Angle measurement unit, it is costly, and frequently dismantled during measuring, process is cumbersome, it is difficult to guarantee different device in measurement process
Measurement reproducibility.It is designed by device, incidence angle variable degree is formed, to adapt to each to different of compound material ultrasound spread speed
Property, realize the composite material surface stress measurement of Facing to Manufacturing site environment.
2016, Liu Feifei etc. disclosed a kind of " compound material ultrasound-sound in patent of invention CN201410275857.4
The acquisition methods of transmitting detection signal ", this method takes left acoustic beam and right acoustic beam zero to constitute ultrasound-sound emission close to distance layout
Compound acoustic beam directly receives acoustic emission signal in tested composite material parts, however, this method be mainly used in it is compound
Fault in material detection；2017, Zhang Yumin etc. disclosed in patent of invention CN201710154020.8 " it is a kind of measurement it is each to different
Property material plane stress device ", this method be based on anisotropy three-dimensional method, devise the ultrasonic oblique incidence wedge of octagon
Block forms three " hair one is received " structure types using six ultrasonic transducers, and still, the measuring device volume is big and expensive,
It is low to measure spatial resolution.
Summary of the invention
Present invention mainly solves technical problem be to overcome the shortcomings of existing methods, the composite wood of Facing to Manufacturing site environment
Expect surface stress measurement demand, invents a kind of composite material surface stress ultrasonic measurement method.In this method, innovative design
Incidence angle variable ultrasonic device for measuring realizes the variable adjustment of ultrasonic incidence angle, to adapt to compound material ultrasound spread speed
Anisotropy, only need a transmitting probe and a receiving transducer that can measure any direction ultrasonic propagation velocity.It can
Variable incident angle ultrasonic device for measuring is integrated to robot end's connection, it can be achieved that surface stress ultrasonic automatic scanning measures.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that a kind of composite material surface stress ultrasonic measurement method, characterized in that firstly,
Design and assemble varied angle ultrasonic device for measuring, and integrated ultrasonic transducer；Secondly, ultrasonic device for measuring is passed through elastic shaft coupling
Device is connected with robot end；Then, ultrasonic pulse receive-transmit system is installed, using ultrasonic pulse transceiver and ultrasonic transducer
It is connected；Finally, calibration composite material sonic elastic modulus, completes surface stress measurement.
Specific step is as follows:
The first step designs and assembles variable-angle ultrasonic device for measuring
For " one hair one receive " structure type, one bristles with anger transmitting probe 1 the variable-angle ultrasonic device for measuring used, and one receives and refers to
Receiving transducer 5；It is fixedly connected with the transmitting terminal A and receiving end B of ultrasonic device for measuring, guarantees transonic road in each measurement process
Electrical path length d is identical；The threaded hole 2 of installation transmitting probe 1 and receiving transducer 5 is processed on 8 top of slide assemblies and fastening uses circle logical
Hole 7, long spiro nail 6 are connect by round tube hole 7 with body portion rocking bar screw thread 11；Slide assemblies lower part 3 and matrix top 9 are processed,
And guarantee that the two curvature is equal；Slide assemblies 8, which are adjusted, with reference to matrix reticule meets incident axis a and reception axis c and basal plane
Normal b is at the first critical refraction angle φθ, and three axis are in the same plane, the first critical refraction angle φθMeet following item
Part,
Wherein, v1For spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in matrix 4, vθFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in measured material 12,
θ is transonic direction and machine direction angle.
Second step, the ultrasonic measurement function based on robot are integrated
Machining robot end long axis E and ultrasonic device for measuring end long axis F, and pass through yielding coupling D and ultrasonic measurement
Device connection；Teaching and design robot C motion profile optimize robot C time of measuring；Control drawdown under robot C end
Degree guarantees that ultrasonic device for measuring comes into full contact with measured surface 12.
Transmitting probe 1 is connected with impulse generator G, and oscillograph J is connected with receiving transducer 2 shows ultrasonic signal, and
Acquisition and storing data are connect with the end PC H by USB line I.
Third step, composite material surface stress ultrasound detection calculate
Firstly, ultrasonic device for measuring is placed at reference point, transonic direction and machine direction angle are θ；According to
Two steps determine the first critical refraction angle φ at this timeθ, the position with fixed slide assemblies 8 is adjusted by fastening assembly 6；It is measured and monitored the growth of standing timber
Expect that surface 12 generates critical refraction longitudinal wave e；Impulse generator G frequency and gain are set；Then, it is controlled, is arranged by robot C
Measurement position spacing distance, translation scan measure and record ultrasound propagation time tθ；Finally by t when soundθFollowing formula is substituted into, is counted
Calculate the surface stress σ obtained between fixed range dθ,
In formula, KθFor the sonoelastic coefficient for being θ with machine direction angle,For with machine direction angle be θ measure distance d
Between it is unstressed when propagation time；In actual measurement, when soundWith sonoelastic coefficient KθIt need to be obtained by experimental calibration.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows this method to devise incidence angle variable ultrasonic device for measuring, realizes ultrasonic incidence angle
Variable adjustment only need a transmitting probe and receptions spy to adapt to the anisotropy of compound material ultrasound spread speed
Head can measure any direction ultrasonic propagation velocity.And establish a kind of composite material surface stress ultrasound adaptation measurement side
Method solves compound material ultrasound spread speed anisotropic problem, reduces the usage quantity of probe, improves measurement space
Resolution ratio.It is connected using yielding coupling with robot end, device is simple and compact, improves measurement spatial resolution.The party
Method can meet the composite material surface stress measurement demand of Facing to Manufacturing site environment.Realize the surface stress of robot assisted
Ultrasonic automatic scanning measurement.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1- ultrasonic device for measuring figure；Wherein 1- transmitting probe, 2- threaded hole, 3- slide assemblies lower part, 4- matrix, 5-
Receiving transducer, 6- fastening assembly, 7- round tube hole, 8- slide assemblies, 9- matrix top, 10- are fixedly connected with block, 11- rocking bar, 12-
Measured material, a- incidence axis, b- basal plane normal, c- reception axis, d- propagation path, e- critical refraction longitudinal wave, A- transmitting terminal,
The receiving end B-.
Attached drawing 2- ultrasonic automatic scanning system diagram；C- robot, D- yielding coupling, E- robot end's long axis, F- are super
Electroacoustic measurement apparatus end long axis, G- impulse generator, the end H-PC, I-USB line, J- oscillograph, 1- transmitting probe, 5- receiving transducer.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with attached drawing and the technical solution specific embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail.
Under the conditions of 25 DEG C of room temperature, the spread speed of ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the base is 2586.43m/s, multiple in T700 carbon fiber
Having maximum speed when in condensation material along machine direction is 8971.02m/s, and having minimum speed perpendicular to machine direction is 3638.4m/
S, therefore according to (1) first critical refraction angle φ of formulaθIt is up to 45.31 °, minimum 16.76 °.
Varied angle ultrasonic device for measuring key parameter are as follows: 8 width of slide assemblies is 20mm, and 4 radius of matrix component is 14mm, dress
Set transmitting terminal A and receiving end B fixed intervals distance be 8mm, adjust slide assemblies 8 can realize incident axis a and receive axis c and
Angle between basal plane normal b is up to 70 °, minimum 0 °, is divided into 5 ° between the indexing scribing line of matrix component 4, meets T700 carbon fiber
The requirement of composite material the first critical refraction angle range.
Using 2.25MHz transmitting probe 1 and receiving transducer 5, it is connect along incident axis a with slide assemblies 8 by screw thread 2；
Fastening assembly 6 is threadedly coupled by the two sides round tube hole 7 of slide assemblies 8 with rocking bar 11, realizes fastening function；Device transmitting terminal A
It is fixedly connected with 10 center of block processing diameter 6mm circular hole 13 between the B of receiving end, ultrasonic device for measuring end long axis F matches with circular hole 13
Gluing is used in merging；Yielding coupling D using clamp jack-screw type, aperture be 6mm × 6mm, both ends respectively with robot end's long axis E
It is connected with ultrasonic device for measuring end long axis F.
Transmitting probe 1 is connect with impulse generator G, and receiving transducer 5 is connect with oscillograph J, impulse generator G and oscillograph
J connection realizes that signal is synchronous, impulse generator G set of frequency be 2.25MHz, impulse generator G and oscillograph J with the end PC H
Signal processing and storage are realized in connection.
Tensioning member is made in composite material and carries out stepped-style stretching in material stretching-machine, calibration obtains in formula (2)
Sonoelastic coefficient Kθ, measurement and machine direction angle be θ measurement distance d between it is unstressed when propagation timeAnd and fiber
Propagation time t between angular separation is θ measurement distance d under stress stateθ, calculate the surface stress σ obtained between fixed range dθ。
Composite material surface stress ultrasound proposed by the present invention adapts to measurement method and solves ultrasonic propagation velocity respectively to different
Property problem, device is simple and compact, improves measurement spatial resolution；The surface stress ultrasound for realizing robot assisted is swept automatically
Retouch measurement.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of composite material surface stress ultrasonic measurement method, characterized in that firstly, design and assembling varied angle ultrasonic measurement
Device, and integrated ultrasonic transducer；Secondly, ultrasonic device for measuring is connected by yielding coupling with robot end；So
Afterwards, ultrasonic pulse receive-transmit system is installed, is connected using ultrasonic pulse transceiver with ultrasonic transducer；Finally, calibration composite wood
Expect sonic elastic modulus, completes surface stress measurement；Specific step is as follows:
The first step designs and assembles variable-angle ultrasonic device for measuring
The variable-angle ultrasonic device for measuring used is " hair one is received " structure type, and one bristles with anger transmitting probe (1), and a receipts, which refer to, to be connect
Receive probe (5)；It is fixedly connected with the transmitting terminal (A) and receiving end (B) of ultrasonic device for measuring, guarantees ultrasound biography in each measurement process
It is identical to broadcast path length d；The threaded hole (2) of installation transmitting probe (1) and receiving transducer (5) is processed on slide assemblies (8) top
With fastening with round tube hole (7), long spiro nail (6) is connect by round tube hole (7) with body portion rocking bar screw thread (11)；Process Slide Group
Part lower part (3) and matrix top (9), and guarantee that the two curvature is equal；With reference to matrix reticule adjust slide assemblies (8) meet into
It penetrates axis a and receives axis c and basal plane normal b into the first critical refraction angle φθ, and three axis are in the same plane, the
One critical refraction angle φθMeet following condition:
Wherein, v1For spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in matrix (4), vθFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in measured material (12),
θ is transonic direction and machine direction angle；
Second step, the ultrasonic measurement function based on robot are integrated
Machining robot end long axis (E) and ultrasonic device for measuring end long axis (F), and surveyed by yielding coupling (D) and ultrasound
Measure device connection；Teaching and design robot (C) motion profile optimize robot (C) time of measuring；Control the end robot (C)
Descending depth is held, guarantees that ultrasonic device for measuring comes into full contact with measured surface (12)；
Transmitting probe (1) is connected with impulse generator (G), and oscillograph (J) is connected with receiving transducer (2) shows ultrasonic letter
Number, and acquisition and storing data are connect with the end PC (H) by USB line (I)；
Third step, composite material surface stress ultrasound detection calculate
Firstly, ultrasonic device for measuring is placed at reference point, transonic direction and machine direction angle are θ；According to second step
Determine the first critical refraction angle φ at this timeθ, the position with fixed slide assemblies (8) is adjusted by fastening assembly (6)；It is measured and monitored the growth of standing timber
Expect that surface (12) generate critical refraction longitudinal wave e；Impulse generator (G) frequency and gain are set；Then, it is controlled by robot (C)
System, is arranged measurement position spacing distance, and translation scan measures and records ultrasound propagation time tθ；Finally by t when soundθSubstitute into formula
(2), the surface stress σ obtained between fixed range d is calculatedθ:
In formula, KθFor the sonoelastic coefficient for being θ with machine direction angle,Nothing between being θ measurement distance d for machine direction angle
Propagation time when stress；
In actual measurement, when soundWith sonoelastic coefficient KθIt need to be obtained by experimental calibration.
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| CN201910576370.2A CN110231116B (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Ultrasonic measurement method for surface stress of composite material |
| PCT/CN2019/108841 WO2020258565A1 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-29 | Ultrasonic measuring method for surface stress of composite material |
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| CN201910576370.2A CN110231116B (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Ultrasonic measurement method for surface stress of composite material |
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| CN110231116B CN110231116B (en) | 2020-04-07 |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN110632177A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-31 | 大连理工大学 | Electromagnetic ultrasonic detection method for plane residual stress |
| WO2020258565A1 (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-30 | 大连理工大学 | Ultrasonic measuring method for surface stress of composite material |
| CN112345130A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-09 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Stress distribution measuring device and method based on ultrasonic side waves |
| CN112903160A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-06-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for measuring assembly stress of large-scale high-speed rotation equipment based on critical refraction longitudinal wave |
| CN112946077A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-11 | 北京理工大学 | Carbon fiber composite material surface critical refraction longitudinal wave excitation detection system and method |
| CN115372471A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-11-22 | 山东大学 | Ultrasonic detection method and system for stress at arc surface of insulator by considering propagation path |
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| CN112345130A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-09 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Stress distribution measuring device and method based on ultrasonic side waves |
| CN112946077A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-11 | 北京理工大学 | Carbon fiber composite material surface critical refraction longitudinal wave excitation detection system and method |
| CN115372471A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-11-22 | 山东大学 | Ultrasonic detection method and system for stress at arc surface of insulator by considering propagation path |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2020258565A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
| CN110231116B (en) | 2020-04-07 |
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