CN112880894A - Method for measuring residual stress of large-scale high-speed rotation equipment based on ultrasonic superposition principle - Google Patents
Method for measuring residual stress of large-scale high-speed rotation equipment based on ultrasonic superposition principle Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring residual stress of large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on an ultrasonic superposition principle. The method comprises the steps of installing and self-checking the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system, and testing the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system; receiving a standard sinusoidal signal of a signal source through a receiving probe, and judging whether the amplitude and the waveform of the received signal of the computer are distorted; when the waveform sampling is correct and correct, connecting a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system, aligning the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to a test block to carry out acoustic emission and receiving experiments, carrying out zero-stress calibration, inputting known stress, and measuring an acoustic elastic constant; carrying out workpiece measurement of unknown stress, and contacting a receiving probe couplant with a workpiece until signals are completely and clearly presented; and storing the acquired data. The invention can realize the transmission of the ultrasound, the reception of the ultrasound, the processing of the ultrasound data and the real-time transmission of the ultrasound data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic acquisition and detection, in particular to a method for measuring residual stress of large-scale high-speed rotation equipment based on an ultrasonic superposition principle.
Background
Due to traditional aeroengine detection methods such as detection methods of x-ray, eddy current and the like, the depth of the detected aeroengine is not ultrasonic detection depth. But with the continuous development of ultrasonic detection technology of aviation. Ultrasonic testing of aircraft engines requires signal acquisition and processing of the ultrasound. And the core technology of the high-end ultrasonic acquisition card is always mastered in foreign companies. Such as the united states physical acoustics corporation, olympus, etc. High-end chips and devices are increasingly difficult to purchase. Therefore, the acquisition and processing of the ultrasonic signals are realized by adopting common components. The realization of domestic ultrasonic stress is very significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring residual stress of large-scale high-speed rotation equipment based on an ultrasonic superposition principle for realizing ultrasonic detection of depth, and the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring residual stress of large-scale high-speed rotation equipment based on an ultrasonic superposition principle comprises the following steps: step 1: the installation and self-inspection of the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system are carried out, the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system is connected to a computer through a USB (universal serial bus) cable, and the drive of the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system is installed on the computer to test the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system;
step 2: receiving a standard sinusoidal signal of a signal source through a receiving probe, and judging whether the amplitude and the waveform of the received signal of the computer are distorted;
when distortion exists, adjusting a receiving probe for receiving the input signal until the input signal is consistent with the sampled signal;
when the complete sampling of the signals can not be kept all the time, the receiving probe or the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system is replaced until the fault is eliminated;
and step 3: when the waveform sampling is correct and correct, connecting a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system, aligning the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to a test block to carry out acoustic emission and receiving experiments, and detecting whether the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system receives signals;
when the signal is not received, the connection between the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system and the probe is checked, and the connection between the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system and the computer is carried out until the fault is eliminated;
and 4, step 4: carrying out zero stress calibration, carrying out sound emission and receiving measurement while stretching the zero stress test block cut by the water jet cutter through a stretching tester, inputting known stress, and measuring an acoustic elastic constant;
and 5: measuring unknown stress on a workpiece, coating a couplant on the surface of the workpiece, contacting the couplant with the workpiece by adopting a receiving probe, and controlling ultrasonic emission and filtering parameters of ultrasonic signals until the signals are completely and clearly presented;
step 6: the acquired data is stored, so that a user can conveniently check the original data, and the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system automatically finishes acquisition and reading of ultrasonic signals and stress measurement.
Preferably, coupling agent is added on the surfaces of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe.
Preferably, the known stress is measured by the following formula:
σ＝kΔt
where σ is the known stress, Δ t is the acoustic time difference of the ultrasound, and k is the signal order.
Preferably, the acoustic elastic constant is calculated by:
wherein k is0λ and μ are second order acoustic elastic constants.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can realize the transmission of the ultrasound, the reception of the ultrasound, the processing of the ultrasound data and the real-time transmission of the ultrasound data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a high speed acquisition system for ultrasound signals;
FIG. 2 is a circuit configuration connection diagram of a receiving probe;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a USB3300 external circuit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
according to the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention provides a method for measuring residual stress of large-scale high-speed rotation equipment based on an ultrasonic superposition principle, which comprises the following steps of 1: the installation and self-inspection of the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system are carried out, the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system is connected to a computer through a USB (universal serial bus) cable, and the drive of the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system is installed on the computer to test the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system;
step 2: receiving a standard sinusoidal signal of a signal source through a receiving probe, and judging whether the amplitude and the waveform of the received signal of the computer are distorted;
when distortion exists, adjusting a receiving probe for receiving the input signal until the input signal is consistent with the sampled signal;
when the complete sampling of the signals can not be kept all the time, the receiving probe or the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system is replaced until the fault is eliminated;
and step 3: when the waveform sampling is correct and correct, connecting a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system, adding a coupling agent on the surfaces of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, aligning the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to a test block to carry out a sound emission and receiving experiment, and detecting whether the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system receives signals;
when no signal is received, the connection between the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system and the probe and the connection between the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system and the computer are checked until the fault is eliminated
And 4, step 4: carrying out zero stress calibration, carrying out sound emission and receiving measurement while stretching the zero stress test block cut by the water jet cutter through a stretching tester, inputting known stress, and measuring an acoustic elastic constant;
and 5: measuring unknown stress on a workpiece, coating a couplant on the surface of the workpiece, contacting the couplant with the workpiece by adopting a receiving probe, and controlling ultrasonic emission and filtering parameters of ultrasonic signals until the signals are completely and clearly presented;
step 6: the acquired data is stored, so that a user can conveniently check the original data, and the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system automatically finishes acquisition and reading of ultrasonic signals and stress measurement.
The known stress is measured by the following formula:
σ＝kΔt
where σ is the known stress, Δ t is the acoustic time difference of the ultrasound, and k is the signal order.
The acoustic elastic constant was calculated by the following formula:
wherein k is0λ and μ are second order acoustic elastic constants.
The method is based on an ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system of large-scale high-speed rotation equipment based on acquisition and transmission integration, wherein the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system comprises an ultrasonic transmitting device, a transmitting probe, an analog-to-digital conversion device, an amplifying device, a receiving probe, a DSP controller, a data transmission device and a computer;
the data signal receiving end of the transmitting probe is connected with the data signal output end of the ultrasonic transmitting device, the control signal input end of the ultrasonic transmitting device is connected with the control signal output end of the DSP controller, the data signal input end of the DSP controller is connected with the data signal output end of the analog-to-digital conversion device, the data signal input end of the analog-to-digital conversion device is connected with the data signal output end of the amplifying device, and the data signal input end of the amplifying device is connected with the data signal output end of the receiving probe;
the data signal output end of the DSP controller is connected with the data signal input end of the data transmission device, and the data signal output end of the data transmission device is connected with the data signal receiving end of the computer.
The amplifying part of the signal adopts AD9280, and the performance parameters are as follows: 8Bit 32MSPS pipeline ADC, low power consumption: 90mA (under 3V power supply), wide working range: + 2.7- +5.5V, high linearity: DNL: 0.2LSB, low power mode control, three-state gate output, quantization range detection, built-in clamping function, high-precision programmable reference power supply, intermediate frequency sub-sampling up to 135MHZ and packaging form (SSOP 28).
The DSP controller used was texas instruments TMS320C 6748. The parameters are as follows: 375 and 456 MHz C674x fixed and floating point VLIW DSP, C674x instruction set functionality, supersets of C67x + and C64x + ISA, up to 3648MIPS and 2746MFLOPS, byte addressable (8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit and 64 bit data), 8bit overflow protection, bit field fetch, set, clear, normalize, saturation, bit count, compact 16 bit instructions, C63674 674x two-level cache memory architecture, 32KB L1P program RAM/cache, 32KB L1D data RAM/cache, 256KB L2 unified mapped RAM/cache, flexible RAM/cache partitions (L1 and L2), enhanced direct memory access controller, etc.
Ltc6228 is adopted as the high-speed amplifying circuit part, and the characteristics are as follows: ultra-low voltage noise: 0.88nV/Hz, low distortion at high speed: HD2/HD3< -100dBc (Av ═ 1, 4VP-P, 2MHz, RL ═ 1k Ω), high voltage slew rate: 500V/. mu.s. GBW 890MHz, -3 dB frequency (AV + 1): 730MHz, input offset voltage: maximum value at different temperatures is 250 μ V, offset drift: 0.4 μ V/c, input common mode range including negative supply rail, rail-to-rail output swing, supply current: 16mA (typical value) per channel, 500 μ a off-supply current, operating power range: 2.8V to 11.75V, large output current: 80mA (minimum), extremely high open loop gain: 5.6V/. mu.v (135dB), RL ═ 1k Ω, and the like.
According to fig. 3, the transmission circuit mainly uses a USB3300 chip for transmission. The characteristics are as follows: USB-IF Hi-Speed has been certified by the Universal Serial bus Specification revision 2.0, an interface that conforms to ULPI Specification revision 1.1 in 8-bit mode, an industry UTMI + Low Pin interface (ULPI) to convert 54 UTMI + signals to a standard 12-pin Link controller interface, 54.7mA unconfigured Current (typical value) -ideal choice for bus-powered applications, 83uA pause Current (typical value) -very suitable for battery-powered applications, 150mA with latching performance exceeding EIA/JESD 78 class II, no external protection device required, ESD protection Level of 8kVHBM, Integrated protection, can withstand IEC61000-4-2ESD tests of every third party test Equipment (+ -8 kV contact and + -15 kV air), FS preamble to support FS hub connected LS devices (UTMI + Level 3), support HS SOF and LS keep-alive pulses, IEC 6101-2 ESD test of every third party test Equipment, and IEC run-7-2-L test Equipment, Fully supporting optional On-The-Go (OTG) protocols, detailed in On-The-Go supplementary revision 1.0a specification, supporting OTG Host Negotiation Protocol (HNP) and Session Request Protocol (SRP), allowing host shutdown of VBUS to save battery power in OTG applications, supporting OTG monitoring of VBUS levels using internal comparators, including support for external VBUS or fault monitors, low latency high speed receiver (max 43 high speed clocks) allowing use of wrapper type UTMI Link with ULPI, integrated pull-up resistor On STP for interface protection, enabling reliable Link/PHY through slow Link (reliable low power consumption software), internal 1.8 volt allowing use of 3.3 volt single power supply, ID, DP and line to VBUS or ground internal short circuit protection, integrated 24MHz crystal operation or 24MHz external clock input to VBUS, integrated 24MHz crystal operation, or 24MHz external clock input, The internal PLL is used for 480MHz high-speed USB operation, industrial working temperature is-40 ℃ to +85 ℃, and 32-pin package (5x 5x 0.90 mm height) in accordance with QFN RoHS standard is adopted.
The software part comprises FIR filtering of ultrasonic signals and a transmission protocol of ultrasonic waves.
Wherein the FIR filter code is as follows:
the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the method for measuring the residual stress of the large-sized high-speed rotating equipment based on the ultrasonic superposition principle, and the protection range of the method for measuring the residual stress of the large-sized high-speed rotating equipment based on the ultrasonic superposition principle is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical schemes belonging to the idea belong to the protection range of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and variations which do not depart from the gist of the invention will be those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains and which are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for measuring residual stress of large-scale high-speed rotation equipment based on an ultrasonic superposition principle is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the installation and self-inspection of the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system are carried out, the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system is connected to a computer through a USB (universal serial bus) cable, and the drive of the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system is installed on the computer to test the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system;
step 2: receiving a standard sinusoidal signal of a signal source through a receiving probe, and judging whether the amplitude and the waveform of the received signal of the computer are distorted;
when distortion exists, adjusting a receiving probe for receiving the input signal until the input signal is consistent with the sampled signal;
when the complete sampling of the signals can not be kept all the time, the receiving probe or the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system is replaced until the fault is eliminated;
and step 3: when the waveform sampling is correct and correct, connecting a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system, aligning the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to a test block to carry out acoustic emission and receiving experiments, and detecting whether the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system receives signals;
when the signal is not received, the connection between the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system and the probe is checked, and the connection between the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system and the computer is carried out until the fault is eliminated;
and 4, step 4: carrying out zero stress calibration, carrying out sound emission and receiving measurement while stretching the zero stress test block cut by the water jet cutter through a stretching tester, inputting known stress, and measuring an acoustic elastic constant;
and 5: measuring unknown stress on a workpiece, coating a couplant on the surface of the workpiece, contacting the couplant with the workpiece by adopting a receiving probe, and controlling ultrasonic emission and filtering parameters of ultrasonic signals until the signals are completely and clearly presented;
step 6: the acquired data is stored, so that a user can conveniently check the original data, and the ultrasonic signal high-speed acquisition system automatically finishes acquisition and reading of ultrasonic signals and stress measurement.
2. The method for measuring the residual stress of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on the ultrasonic superposition principle as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and adding coupling agent on the surfaces of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe.
3. The method for measuring the residual stress of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on the ultrasonic superposition principle as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the known stress is measured by the following formula:
σ＝kΔt
where σ is the known stress, Δ t is the acoustic time difference of the ultrasound, and k is the signal order.
4. The method for measuring the residual stress of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on the ultrasonic superposition principle as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the acoustic elastic constant was calculated by the following formula:
wherein k is0λ and μ are second order acoustic elastic constants.
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Application publication date: 20210601 |