CN106677115B - Concrete dam downstream face moisture film intelligent heat preserving method - Google Patents
Concrete dam downstream face moisture film intelligent heat preserving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106677115B CN106677115B CN201710045542.4A CN201710045542A CN106677115B CN 106677115 B CN106677115 B CN 106677115B CN 201710045542 A CN201710045542 A CN 201710045542A CN 106677115 B CN106677115 B CN 106677115B
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- water
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- moisture film
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of concrete dam downstream face moisture film intelligent heat preserving methods, comprising: determines dam downstream face stress time and Spatial Variation；Compare dam downstream face stress and allows tensile strength relationship；Primarily determine time, range, water temperature and the flow of the heat preservation of downstream face moisture film；Dam downstream face stress time and Spatial Variation after calculating heat preservation, and allow tensile strength to compare with concrete, it is whether exceeded with identified sign；According to determining moisture film soaking time, range, water temperature and flow, water intaking depth in different time periods is determined；Water pump or inverted siphon structure are set in dam crest, leads to downstream face from respective depth water intaking using pipeline, and water plant is set in downstream face different location, forms moisture film protective layer；In dam downstream face moisture film soak zones, temperature measuring device, real-time monitoring moisture film heat insulation effect are set.The present invention can reduce or eliminate exceeded tensile stress, prevent the cracking of dam downstream surface concrete.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to concrete dam Construction and operation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of concrete dam downstream face moisture film intelligence
Heat preserving method.
Background technique
Concrete dam is one of most important dam type, and worldwide widely distributed, quantity is more, and general height of dam compared with
It is high.Concrete dam has played important in terms of ensureing flood control safety, water supply security, grain security, energy security and ecological safety
Effect, it is ensured that hydro plant with reservoir dam safety is extremely important for the country and people masses.
For concrete dam in construction and operational process, the most common problem is concrete cracking, almost " is not split on no dam ", this
A little cracks can impact arrangement works performance, durability and degree of safety, some even crack very serious occur, jeopardize
Dam safety and normal use, such as Ke Er Brian arch dam, thus reduce even avoid distress in concrete be always
One major issue in concrete dam field.
In concrete dam various types crack, thermal cracking is the most universal, and especially surface caused by internal-external temperature difference is split
Seam, such as the Ertan Arch Dam in China, there are many surface cracks in downstream face during operation, and major reason is exactly internal-external temperature difference mistake
Greatly.For the appearance that big above and below the dam face thermal cracking is reduced or avoided, Insulation is generallyd use at present, mainly using stickup
The mode of insulation board.There are obvious shortcomings for this Insulation: first is that washed away by the immersion of water, exposing to the weather drenches with rain,
Badly broken in operational process after short-term operation, can generally be removed, can not long-term heat preservation；Second is that insulation board is plastic material, it is long
It is unfavorable to ecological environmental protection that phase largely uses.
To prevent concrete dam downstream face from thermal cracking occur, and meet ecological, environmental protective requirement, needs a kind of new ecology
The heat preserving method of environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be easy to appear thermal cracking for concrete dam downstream face, a kind of heat preservation is proposed
Method of the measure to reduce the concrete surface temperature difference to prevent or reduce dam downstream face concrete cracking, to improve dam
Working condition.
The embodiment provides a kind of concrete dam downstream face moisture film intelligent heat preserving methods, include the following steps:
Step 1, according to dam correlation circumstance, dam downstream face is determined using linear nonlinear finite element method simulation calculation
Stress time and Spatial Variation；Wherein, dam correlation circumstance includes that structure is arranged, poured, sealing arch, water storage, ambient temperature
Variation and actual measurement concrete temperature and stress situation；
Step 2, compare dam downstream face stress and allow tensile strength relationship, or according to yield region size, obtain big
Dam downstream face concrete pulling stress is greater than range, depth and the time of appearance for allowing tensile strength, what determination may crack
Range, depth and time of occurrence section；
Step 3, stress exceeded time, range and depth are occurred according to dam downstream surface concrete, in conjunction with upstream Ku Shui
Profiling temperatures primarily determine time, range, water temperature and the flow of the heat preservation of downstream face moisture film；
Step 4, according to time, range, water temperature and the flow of the moisture film heat preservation primarily determined, it is based on step 1 and step 2,
Dam downstream face stress time and Spatial Variation after calculating heat preservation, and allow tensile strength to compare with concrete,
It is whether exceeded with identified sign, if stress is still exceeded, then moisture film soaking time, range, water temperature and flow are adjusted, repeats step 1
With step 2, until stress allow tensile strength within the scope of；
Step 5, according to determining moisture film soaking time, range, water temperature and flow, in conjunction with upper pond distribution of water temperature and change
Change situation, determines water intaking depth in different time periods；Wherein, water temperature of reservoir is determined using actual measurement mode or Empirical Calculating Method；
Step 6, according to determining water intaking depth in different time periods, water pump or inverted siphon structure is set in dam crest, utilized
Pipeline leads to downstream face from respective depth water intaking, and water plant is arranged in downstream face different location, forms moisture film protective layer；Its
In, pipeline includes steel pipe, PCCP pipe etc..
Step 7, temperature measuring device (thermometer) is set in dam downstream face moisture film soak zones (concrete surface), it is real
When monitor moisture film heat insulation effect, and step 1 and step 2 are repeated, to ensure dam downstream face stress within the allowable range.
Further, it in step 1, accurately to obtain dam downstream face stress, is controlled using based on dam construction process, temperature
The finite element stimulation method calculating of process, envelope arch process, water storage process and change of external conditions process.
Further, in step 1, linear nonlinear finite element method simulation calculation use as the case may be overall model,
Single monolith model or partial model.
Further, in step 2, concrete allows tensile strength to be the amount of changing with time, and age uses after 180 days
It is long-term to allow tensile strength, concrete tensile strength formula are as follows:
Rt=0.332Rc 0.60
Wherein, RtFor tensile strength, RcFor compression strength.
Further, in step 3, time, range and (water intaking) water temperature of moisture film heat preservation are adjusted according to the moon or season.
Further, the analysis of moisture film heat preservation post-simulation needs to consider that the effect of moisture film heat preservation, step 4 further include protecting based on moisture film
Dam downstream face actual temperature after temperature, the heat insulation effect of different water temperatures and flow is determined using field experiment.
Further, step 5 further includes changing water intaking depth according to the variation of water intaking water temperature, deep exploitation water temperature of reservoir of fetching water
Distribution curve determines.Water temperature of reservoir is generally in quasi-stationary state after longtime running, i.e., in the same depth same annual period,
Water temperature of reservoir is essentially identical, is conducive to determine water intaking position.
Further, in step 6, when the set-point position of water plant is higher than upper pond water intaking height, using water pump
Water extraction way, when lower than upper pond water intaking height, using pumping for water pump or inverted-siphon mode.
Further, in step 6, range, the diversion water kept the temperature based on moisture film that be designed and arranged of water fetching device is determined.
Further, step 7 further includes being carried out accordingly according to the heat insulation effect of real-time monitoring to water intaking water temperature and moisture film flow
Adjustment.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the present invention are: keeping the temperature using moisture film, dam downstream surface concrete is reduced
Surface temperature difference can reduce or eliminate exceeded tensile stress to reduce dam downstream face tensile stress magnitude and range, prevent big
The cracking of dam downstream surface concrete improves dam work condition.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of concrete dam downstream face moisture film intelligent heat preserving method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross section of gravity dam in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the dam part monolith primary stress schematic diagram being calculated in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is to allow concrete tensile strength to change schematic diagram in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the exceeded area schematic of stress in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 is moisture film heat-preserving range schematic diagram in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 is water pump arrangement schematic diagram in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 8 is water pump and pipe arrangement illustration in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 9 is that one embodiment of the invention middle and lower reaches dam facing catchments the arrangement schematic diagram of bank and its conduction pipe；
Figure 10 is that one embodiment of the invention middle and lower reaches dam facing catchments the arrangement schematic diagram of bank.
Figure label:
21 be gravity dam in attached drawing 2；
51 be gravity nonattainment area in attached drawing 5；
In attached drawing 6,1 is more than or equal to 1.0m, and 2 are more than or equal to 0.5m；
In attached drawing 7,71 be dam body, and 72 be water pump, and 73 be moisture film area, and 74 be library water；
In attached drawing 8,81 be water pump, and 82 be lengths of steel pipes, and 83 be changeable plastic pipe；
In attached drawing 9,91 be dam facing, and 92 be vertical plastic tube, and 93 be horizontal plastic tube, and 94 be discharge orifice, and 95 be the bank that catchments,
96 be external drainpipe；
In attached drawing 10,101 be the bank that catchments, and 102 be dam facing.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail for each embodiment shown in reference to the accompanying drawing, but it should be stated that, these
Embodiment is not limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art according to these embodiments made by function, method,
Or equivalent transformation or substitution in structure, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention within.
Join shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the flow chart of concrete dam downstream face moisture film intelligent heat preserving method of the present invention.
Below by taking a gravity dam as an example, the present invention is described in detail:
Embodiment 1
Gravity dam
Step 1, according to the structure feature of dam body, casting process, gravity dam grouting of Longitudinal Joint process etc., concrete and week
Surrounding environment temperature changing process, library water water level uphill process and linear expansion coefficient, elasticity modulus parameter etc., using linear non-linear
Finite Element Simulation Analysis method obtains dam entirety and dam downstream face stress distribution, yield region distribution and change at any time
Law.
Gravity dam cross section is as shown in Fig. 2, dam maximum height of dam 162m, normal reserve-water-level height 160m.
Dam part monolith primary stress is calculated, as shown in figure 3, dash area stress is more than 1.5MPa.
Step 2, according to dam concrete proportion, pour situation, determine allow tensile strength and allow tensile strength with
Time-varying process joins permission concrete tensile strength shown in Fig. 4 and changes schematic diagram；
Step 3, compare dam downstream face stress and allow tensile strength relationship or according to yield region size, obtain dam
Downstream face tensile stress is greater than the range for allowing tensile strength, and generalization obtains the exceeded region of stress, as shown in Figure 5.
Step 4, according to the dam downstream surface concrete being calculated beyond the range for allowing tensile strength, determine that moisture film is protected
The range of the initial ranges of temperature, moisture film heat preservation should be greater than the exceeded region of stress, and respectively there are 1m or more, upper and lower roam all around the would in horizontal direction two sides
To respectively there is 0.5m or more, moisture film heat-preserving range is as shown in Figure 6.
Step 5, according to the moisture film heat-preserving range after determination, in conjunction with upper pond water temperature condition, draft different flowing water water temperatures,
Flow is rethought various conditions, is obtained under dam using finite element method or structural mechanics method according to the requirement of step 1
Stress distribution after the heat preservation of trip face and the rule that changes with time, finally select a kind of water temperature and flow side that stress is not exceeded
Case.
Step 6, according to selected water temperature and traffic scheme, water pump number of units, pump performance and arrangement etc. are determined.Water pump arrangement
In dam crest, the aqueduct and tapping pipe of front and rear sides can be used part and form moisture film portion using steel pipe, diversion parts and downstream face
Dividing can be used plastic tube, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
Step 7, downstream face moisture film forming region uses perforated plastic pipe, and the water flow that moisture film is formed can flow into certainly along downstream face
Downstream river course；Do not allow to flow automatically if any building behind the dams such as workshop, it can be in the bank that catchments of downstream dam facing arrangement water blocking, using water
Pipe is guided to downstream river course, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10.
Step 8, thermometer is arranged in downstream face water flow spaces, dam facing temperature conditions is monitored, according to monitoring temperature, using step
1, downstream dam facing stress is calculated, periodically or non-periodically carries out the dynamic adjustment of water temperature and flow, it is ensured that dam facing stress is allowing model
In enclosing.
In conclusion the present invention by downstream dam facing be arranged moisture film intelligent heat preserving, adjustment downstream dam facing stress level and
The regularity of distribution improves dam work condition, prevents dam body downstream dam facing from crack occur, improve safety of structure.
The series of detailed descriptions listed above only for feasible embodiment of the invention specifically
Protection scope bright, that they are not intended to limit the invention, it is all without departing from equivalent implementations made by technical spirit of the present invention
Or change should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of concrete dam downstream face moisture film intelligent heat preserving method, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1, according to dam correlation circumstance, dam downstream face stress is determined using linear nonlinear finite element method simulation calculation
Time and Spatial Variation；Wherein, the dam correlation circumstance includes that structure is arranged, poured, sealing arch, water storage, ambient temperature
Variation and actual measurement concrete temperature and stress situation；The linear nonlinear finite element method simulation calculation is as the case may be
Using overall model, single monolith model or partial model；
Step 2, compare dam downstream face stress and allow tensile strength relationship, or according to yield region size, obtain under dam
It swims surface concrete tensile stress and is greater than range, depth and the time of appearance for allowing tensile strength, range that determination may crack,
Depth and time of occurrence section；The concrete allows tensile strength to be the amount of changing with time, and age uses after 180 days
It is long-term to allow tensile strength, concrete tensile strength formula are as follows:
Rt=0.332RC 0.60
Wherein, RtFor tensile strength, RcFor compression strength；
Step 3, stress exceeded time, range and depth are occurred according to dam downstream surface concrete, in conjunction with upstream library coolant-temperature gage
Distribution situation primarily determines time, range, water temperature and the flow of the heat preservation of downstream face moisture film；Time, range and the water of moisture film heat preservation
Temperature is adjusted according to the moon or season；
Step 4, according to time, range, water temperature and the flow of the moisture film heat preservation primarily determined, it is based on step 1 and step 2, is calculated
Dam downstream face stress time and Spatial Variation after heat preservation, and allow tensile strength to compare with concrete, with true
Whether exceeded determine stress, if stress is still exceeded, then adjusts moisture film soaking time, range, water temperature and flow, repeat step 1 and step
Rapid 2, until stress is allowing within the scope of tensile strength；
Step 5, according to determining moisture film soaking time, range, water temperature and flow, in conjunction with upper pond distribution of water temperature and variation feelings
Condition determines water intaking depth in different time periods；Wherein, water temperature of reservoir is determined using actual measurement mode or Empirical Calculating Method；
Step 6, according to determining water intaking depth in different time periods, water pump or inverted siphon structure is set in dam crest, utilize pipeline
Downstream face is led to from respective depth water intaking, and water plant is set in downstream face different location, forms moisture film protective layer；When described
When the set-point position of water plant is higher than upper pond water intaking height, using pumping for water pump mode, fetch water lower than upper pond
When height, using pumping for water pump or inverted-siphon mode；The range of the water plant being designed and arranged based on moisture film heat preservation is drawn
Water water determines；
Step 7, temperature measuring device is set in dam downstream face moisture film soak zones, real-time monitoring moisture film heat insulation effect is laid equal stress on
Multiple step 1 and step 2, to ensure dam downstream face stress within the allowable range, and according to the heat insulation effect of real-time monitoring to water intaking
Water temperature and moisture film flow adjust accordingly.
2. concrete dam downstream face moisture film intelligent heat preserving method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1, adopt
With the finite element based on dam construction process, temperature controlled processes, envelope arch process, water storage process and change of external conditions process
Emulated computation method calculates.
3. concrete dam downstream face moisture film intelligent heat preserving method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 4
It further include determining that the heat preservation of different water temperatures and flow is imitated using field experiment based on dam downstream face actual temperature after moisture film heat preservation
Fruit.
4. concrete dam downstream face moisture film intelligent heat preserving method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 5
It further include that water intaking depth is changed according to the variation of water intaking water temperature, the water intaking deep exploitation water temperature of reservoir distribution curve determines.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108536978A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A method of prevent High Concrete Dam gallery crown from cracking |
| CN110184988B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2024-05-10 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Anti-ice-pulling system and method for concrete dam flowtube in alpine region |
| CN110263490B (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2023-07-11 | 中国三峡建设管理有限公司 | Concrete dam temporary surface stress analysis method |
| CN110619169B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2023-04-07 | 中国三峡建设管理有限公司 | Method for preventing gallery crown cracking in high concrete dam |
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