CN106676436B - A kind of heat-treatment furnace and heat treatment method for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution - Google Patents
A kind of heat-treatment furnace and heat treatment method for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN106676436B CN106676436B CN201710197658.XA CN201710197658A CN106676436B CN 106676436 B CN106676436 B CN 106676436B CN 201710197658 A CN201710197658 A CN 201710197658A CN 106676436 B CN106676436 B CN 106676436B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of heat-treatment furnace and processing method for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution, which is made of gas heating area, air-cooled area and electrical induction area three parts, and in gas heating area, heating and thermal insulation is carried out to extrusion billet;In air-cooled area, wind cooling temperature lowering is carried out from the afterbody of heating blank;In sensing heating area, the outside of extrusion billet is heated.And the high temperature air of air-cooled area's outflow recycles gas heating area, has energy-saving effect.Ultimately form the temperature gradient that axial head height tail is low, radially high outside and low outside and index extrusion billet.Crimp regional temperature more accurately controls during this blank is conducive to Isothermal Extrusion, and can reduce the frictional force of blank and extrusion cylinder in extrusion process, so as to reduce equipment energy consumption, improves the service life of extrusion cylinder.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material field, is related to metal and alloy extrusion blank heating technique, and in particular to Yi Zhongshi
The heat-treatment furnace and heat treatment method of the blank temperature gradient distribution of existing isothermal speed change extruding.
Background technology
Extruding is the important method of nonferrous materials forming.With fields such as automotive light weight technology, aerospaces
Fast development, is continuously improved the demand of high-performance squeeze wood.At present, with the rapid development of aluminum extrusion industry and technology, go out
The extruding of tongue pattern, set of planes molding extruding, big cross section extruding, water cooled mo(u)ld extruding, flat extruding, Spread Extrusion, accurate gas and water are showed
The technologies such as the extruding of (mist) cooling press quenching, efficient reversed extruding, Isothermal Extrusion.But for the aluminium alloy that deformation performance is poor
For (such as 2000 systems and 7000 are alloy) and most of magnesium alloy, since its thermoplasticity is poor, hot cracking tendency is strong, Zhi Neng
Processed under relatively narrow texturing process conditions.Therefore, structure property on length direction only could be obtained using isothermal extrusion technology
Uniform product, to meet the strict demand of high-performance squeeze wood.In recent years, the correlative study of Isothermal Extrusion technology and exploitation by
Gradually it is taken seriously.By Isothermal Extrusion, size shape stabilization, the product of even tissue can not only be obtained, moreover it is possible to improve its finished product
Rate and production efficiency, meet that aluminium alloy extrusions integrally possesses height than strong, high than mould and the mechanical property of high tenacity, avoid section bar from going out
Now distort, the serious phenomenon such as crackle.
At present, Isothermal Extrusion technology usually has two kinds of implementations, and one kind is to use speed control Isothermal Extrusion, that is, is passed through
Extrusion speed is adjusted, realizes that the extrusion temperature of product remains unchanged, such as Chinese invention patent (publication number:CN103100575A it is) public
What is opened is a kind of equi-temperature extrusion method of speed Discrete control, still, this method by extrusion speed curve controlled, due to
Aluminium alloy cast rod is in extrusion process, and the relative motion extruded between room and aluminium alloy cast rod generates frictional heat, if aluminium
The temperature that alloy casting rod enters extruding room is constant along its length, and extrusion speed remains unchanged in extrusion process, aluminium alloy casting
Rod back material experienced the friction process of longer path, and temperature during into deformed region has built up, so that before causing
End exit aluminum alloy extrusion section bar temperature and mechanical property change along its length;Another kind is to use temperature distribution gradient
Blank Isothermal Extrusion, that is, utilize the low-temperature region for deforming thermal compensation blank afterbody so that temperature of the blank in mould outlet
Remain unchanged.The blank for producing temperature distribution gradient has two methods, is gradient temperature heat method and terraced warm water cold process respectively.
However, research shows that in the Isothermal Extrusion extrusion process of the blank of temperature distribution gradient frictional heat is to section bar
The influence of section temperature nonunf ormity is maximum, has exceeded the heat transfer between plastic deformation heat and metal and tool and mould【Hou Wen
The Heat transfer of flourish aluminium alloy extrusions extrusion process and temperature control research [D] University of Science & Technology, Beijing, 2015.】.In addition, aluminium
The extruding of alloy, which is studied, to be shown, the average friction coefficient of material raises 300 DEG C -500 DEG C with temperature, and 1.6 are reduced to from 2.1【
Equivalent characterization research [D] the Hunan University of friction and wear behavior in bright .6061 aluminum alloy heats extrusion process, 2014:22】.Friction system
Several reductions can significantly reduce equipment energy consumption, can also reduce frictional heat, so as to more accurately control the temperature in crimp region.
Therefore, influence of the frictional heat to temperature gradient in Isothermal Extrusion extrusion process, not only increases energy expenditure, shortens and squeeze
In the pressure cylinder service life, be also unable to reach the high Isothermal Extrusion effect of accuracy.
The content of the invention
To overcome above technical problem, an object of the present invention design is a kind of to realize extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution
Heat-treatment furnace, obtaining Temperature Distribution is:The extrusion billet that axial head height tail is low, radial direction is high outside and low outside.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of heat treatment method for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution, obtains
Temperature Distribution is:The extrusion billet that axial head height tail is low, radial direction is high outside and low outside.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that:
A kind of heat-treatment furnace for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution, is made of following three parts successively:Gas heating
Area, air-cooled area, sensing heating area.
It is equal to blank that the present invention, which realizes that the heat-treatment furnace of extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution sets the effect of gas heating area,
Even heating is uniformly distributed blank temperature;It is that blank is cooled down that heat-treatment furnace, which sets air-cooled area's effect, realizes blank axial direction
Head height tail low-temperature gradient;It is to carry out reheating to blank that heat-treatment furnace, which sets the effect in sensing heating area, realizes blank footpath
To high outside and low outside temperature gradient.
Preferably, gas heating area extrusion billet head one end sets combustor, and combustor is connected with natural gas liquid storage tank,
Natural gas is passed through combustion heating in combustor.
Preferably, air blower is set in afterbody one end of air-cooled area's extrusion billet.
Preferably, air-cooled area's air blower other end is connected by pipeline with combustor, and the high temperature air of air-cooled area's outflow leads to
Cross heated by natural gas in combustion engine and enter gas heating area.
Head one end of air-cooled area's extrusion billet is connected by the present invention by pipeline with combustor, the high temperature of air-cooled area's outflow
Air carries out heating and thermal insulation by heated by natural gas in combustion engine to extrusion billet, realizes the high temperature air circulation profit of air-cooled area's outflow
Gas heating area is used, by the repeated recycling utilize of hot-air, plays energy-saving effect.
Preferably, be also equipped with the heat-treatment furnace for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution Bar conveyor structure,
Temperature measuring mechanism, the side wall of the heat-treatment furnace are additionally provided with observation window.
Realize different zones of the temperature measuring equipment of the heat-treatment furnace of extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution for detecting bar
Temperature, the temperature for making bar reach setting in the corresponding gas heating area of heat-treatment furnace, air-cooled area, sensing heating area, realizes base
The axial head height tail of material is low, radially high outside and low outside temperature gradient distribution.
It is connected by temperature measuring equipment, Bar conveyor structure by high temperature resistant wire with exterior automaton, thermometric dress
Put and reflect bar temperature in real time, automaton controls the operation and braking of Bar conveyor structure, and then controls bar to exist
The corresponding gas heating area of heat-treatment furnace, air-cooled area, the heating time in sensing heating area.
Preferably, the Bar conveyor structure includes rack, bar stand, guide rail, frame driving device, rack braking
Device, the rack are slidably connected by wheel and guide rail, and frame driving device, rack brake apparatus are installed in rack, institute
Temperature measuring equipment, frame driving device, rack brake apparatus is stated to be connected with exterior automaton by high temperature resistant wire.
The present invention bar be placed on the bar stand in rack, frame driving device promote rack move along the rail by
Bar is fed sequentially into gas heating area, air-cooled area, sensing heating area, and rack brake apparatus carries out braking to rack stops rack
The heating time of corresponding region setting is leaned against, meets the gradient-heated requirement of bar.
Preferably, the bar is magnesium alloy or aluminium alloy.
Preferably, gas heating area heating-up temperature is higher than 50-200 DEG C of the recrystallization temperature of bar.
Preferably, the target temperature difference end to end of air-cooled area's blank is 10-30 DEG C
Preferably, sensing heating area heating-up temperature is less than 10-20 DEG C of the burnt temperature of material, heat penetration 2-
20mm。
A kind of heat treatment method that extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution is realized using above-mentioned heat-treatment furnace, specific steps are such as
Under:
Step 1:Bar is placed into gas heating area, heating-up temperature be to higher than 50-200 DEG C of bar recrystallization temperature,
Heating and thermal insulation time 1-5h;
Step 2:Bar is placed into air-cooled area, the afterbody quenching 1- in air-cooled area using air blower to extrusion billet
10min, makes the tail temperature of blank reduce 10-30 DEG C.
Step 3:Bar is placed into sensing heating area, in electromagnetic induction heating area with induction frequencies 1-10KHZ, during heating
Between 1-20s, heating-up temperature be less than material 10-20 DEG C of burnt temperature, heat penetration 2-20mm.
Preferably, the bar is aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy.
Preferably, the rods and bars of aluminium alloy is heated to 350-500 DEG C in gas heating area, soaking time 2h.
Preferably, the magnesium alloy rod is 250-400 DEG C in gas heating area heating-up temperature, soaking time 1.5-
3h。
Preferably, the flow 1-20m of air-cooled area's air blower3/ min, according to extrudate and mold shape, set
Various forms of cooling air channels.
Preferably, heating-up temperature of the rods and bars of aluminium alloy in electromagnetic induction heating area is 480 DEG C.
Preferably, heating-up temperature of the magnesium alloy rod in electromagnetic induction heating area is 420 DEG C.
Relative to the prior art, advantageous effects of the invention are:
1st, heat-treatment furnace heating extrusion billet using the present invention, it is possible to achieve the gradient distribution of its temperature:That is axial head
High tail is low, radially high outside and low outside.Crimp regional temperature more accurately controls during this blank is conducive to Isothermal Extrusion,
And the frictional force of blank and extrusion cylinder in extrusion process can be reduced, so as to reduce energy consumption, improves the service life of extrusion cylinder.
2nd, during blank heating, it is connected by head one end of air-cooled area's extrusion billet by pipeline with combustor, wind
The high temperature air of cold-zone outflow carries out heating and thermal insulation by heated by natural gas in combustion engine to extrusion billet, realizes air-cooled area's outflow
High temperature air recycles gas heating area, by the repeated recycling utilize of hot-air, has obvious energy-saving effect.
3rd, high temperature resistant wire and exterior automatic control are passed through by temperature measuring equipment, Bar conveyor structure in heating furnace of the invention
Bar temperature is reflected that automaton controls operation and the system of Bar conveyor structure by device connection processed, temperature measuring equipment in real time
It is dynamic, so control bar the corresponding gas heating area of heat-treatment furnace, air-cooled area, sensing heating area heating time, realize
The automation of whole temperature gradient heating process, reduces labor strength, in the continuous, stable of whole heat gradient direction
Property, the error because of caused by artifact is reduced, substantially increases production efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of heat-treatment furnace of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural scheme of mechanism of Bar conveyor structure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is blank temperature field distribution of the present invention in the different heat treatment stage;
Fig. 4 is change schematic diagram of the present invention in different phase temperature.
In figure:1st, gas heating area, 2, air-cooled area, 3, sensing heating area, 4, air blower, 5, combustor, 6, natural gas liquid
Storage tank, 7 bars, 8, rack, 9, guide rail, 10, bar stand, 11, frame driving device, 12, rack brake apparatus, 13, car
Wheel
Embodiment
It is noted that described further below is all illustrative, it is intended to provides further instruction to the application.It is unless another
Indicate, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in order to the understanding of technical staff of the same trade:
Embodiment 1
The heat-treatment furnace for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution that the present embodiment uses, successively by following three parts group
Into:Gas heating area, air-cooled area, sensing heating area, are also equipped with Bar conveyor structure, temperature measuring mechanism in heat-treatment furnace, described
The side wall of heat-treatment furnace is additionally provided with observation window, Bar conveyor structure include rack, bar stand, guide rail, frame driving device,
Rack brake apparatus, the rack are slidably connected by wheel and guide rail, and frame driving device, rack brake apparatus are installed on machine
On frame, the temperature measuring equipment, frame driving device, rack brake apparatus are connected by high temperature resistant wire and exterior automaton
Connect.
The temperature measuring equipment of the heat-treatment furnace for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution of the present invention is used to detect bar not
With the temperature in region, bar is set to reach the temperature of setting in the corresponding gas heating area of heat-treatment furnace, air-cooled area, sensing heating area
Degree, realizes the temperature gradient distribution that the axial head height tail of blank is low, radial direction is high outside and low outside.Base after air-cooled and after sensing heating
Expect thermo parameters method as shown in figure 3, the temperature of different phase blank changes with time as shown in Figure 4.
Gas heating area sets combustor in extrusion billet head one end, and combustor is connected with natural gas liquid storage tank, by day
Right gas is passed through burning in combustor, realizes that extrusion billet is evenly heated, and air blast is set in afterbody one end of air-cooled area's extrusion billet
Machine, is connected in air-cooled area's other end connecting pipe with combustor, and the high temperature air of air-cooled area's outflow is added by natural gas in combustion engine
Heat enters gas heating area, realizes that the high temperature air of air-cooled area's outflow recycles gas heating area, passes through the weight of hot-air
Recycle again, play energy-saving effect.
Bar is placed on the bar stand in rack, and frame driving device promotes rack to move along the rail bar successively
Gas heating area, air-cooled area, sensing heating area are transported to, rack brake apparatus carries out braking to rack makes rack rest in accordingly
Region setting heating time, meet bar gradient-heated requirement.Pass through temperature measuring equipment, frame driving device, rack system
Dynamic device is connected by high temperature resistant wire with exterior automaton, and temperature measuring equipment reflects bar temperature in real time, automatic control
The operation of device control frame driving device, rack brake apparatus processed, and then control bar to add in the corresponding combustion gas of heat-treatment furnace
Hot-zone, air-cooled area, the heating time in sensing heating area.
It is equal to blank that the present invention, which realizes that the heat-treatment furnace of extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution sets the effect of gas heating area,
Even heating is uniformly distributed blank temperature;It is that blank is cooled down that heat-treatment furnace, which sets air-cooled area's effect, realizes blank axial direction
Head height tail low-temperature gradient;It is to carry out reheating to blank that heat-treatment furnace, which sets the effect in sensing heating area, realizes blank footpath
To high outside and low outside temperature gradient.
The major parameter of the heat treatment for the extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution that the present embodiment uses for:
Billet size:Φ120×L500mm
Types of alloys:A7075 aluminium alloys
Extruder type:800t
Gas heating area heating-up temperature and time:350 DEG C, 2h
Blank target temperature difference end to end:30℃
Air cooler cooling velocity and time:1m3/ min, cools down 2min
Electromagnetic induction heating temperature and time:480 DEG C, 8s
Electromagnetic induction heating frequency:5KHZ
Electromagnetic induction heating depth:5mm
The specific work process of the heat-treatment furnace heating rods and bars of aluminium alloy of extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution:
Step 1:Rods and bars of aluminium alloy is put into gas heating area and is heated to 350 DEG C, keeps the temperature 2h;
Step 2:In air-cooled area with 1m3/ min cools down 2min, and tail temperature drops to 320 DEG C;
Step 3:In electromagnetic induction heating area, with induction frequencies 5KHZ, heating time 8s, is heated to 480 DEG C, heat penetration
About 5mm.Realize prepared by low, the radially high outside and low outside terraced adiabator of the axial head height tail of 7075 aluminium alloys.
The hot-air in air-cooled area is recycled by pipeline in combustion gas area at the same time, reaches energy saving effect.
Embodiment 2
What the present embodiment used realizes the heat-treatment furnace of extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution as described in Example 1.
The major parameter of the heat treatment for the extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution that the present embodiment uses for:
Billet size:Φ100×L500mm
Types of alloys:AZ31 magnesium alloys
Extruder type:800t
Gas heating area heating-up temperature and time:250 DEG C, 1.5h
Blank target temperature difference end to end:20℃
Air cooler cooling velocity and time:1m3/ min, cools down 1min
Electromagnetic induction heating temperature and time:420 DEG C, 10s
Electromagnetic induction heating frequency:6KHZ
Electromagnetic induction heating depth:4mm
The specific work process of the heat-treatment furnace heating magnesium alloy rod of extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution:
Step 1:Magnesium alloy rod is put into gas heating area and is heated to 250 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1.5h;
Step 2:In air-cooled area with 1m3/ min cools down 1min, and tail temperature drops to 230 DEG C;
Step 3:In electromagnetic induction heating area, with induction frequencies 6KHZ, heating time 10s, 420 DEG C are heated to, heating is deep
Degree is about 4mm.Realize prepared by low, the radially high outside and low outside terraced adiabator of the axial head height tail of AZ31 magnesium alloys.
The hot-air in air-cooled area is recycled by pipeline in combustion gas area at the same time, reaches energy saving effect.
Embodiment 3
The major parameter of the heat treatment for the extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution that the present embodiment uses for:
Billet size:Φ180×L500mm
Types of alloys:ZK61 magnesium alloys
Extruder type:800t
Gas heating area heating-up temperature and time:280 DEG C, 3h
Blank target temperature difference end to end:30℃
Air cooler cooling velocity and time:2m3/ min, cools down 2min
Electromagnetic induction heating temperature and time:420 DEG C, 10s
Electromagnetic induction heating frequency:4KHZ
Electromagnetic induction heating depth:6mm
The specific work process of the heat-treatment furnace heating magnesium alloy rod of extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution:
Step 1:Magnesium alloy rod is put into gas heating area and is heated to 250 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1.5h;
Step 2:In air-cooled area with 1m3/ min cools down 1min, and tail temperature drops to 230 DEG C;
Step 3:In electromagnetic induction heating area, with induction frequencies 6KHZ, heating time 10s, 420 DEG C are heated to, heating is deep
Degree is about 4mm.Realize prepared by low, the radially high outside and low outside terraced adiabator of the axial head height tail of ZK60 magnesium alloys.
The hot-air in air-cooled area is recycled by pipeline in combustion gas area at the same time, reaches energy saving effect.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the application, the application is not limited to, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.It is all within spirit herein and principle, made any repair
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. heat-treatment furnace for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution, it is characterised in that the heat-treatment furnace successively by with Lower three parts composition:Gas heating area, air-cooled area, sensing heating area;Gas heating area extrusion billet head one end sets combustor, and combustor is connected with natural gas liquid storage tank;Afterbody one end of air-cooled area's extrusion billet sets air blower, and air-cooled area's air blower other end passes through pipeline and combustion Burning machine connects, and the high temperature air of air-cooled area's outflow enters gas heating area by heated by natural gas in combustion engine.
- 2. heat-treatment furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that at the heat for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution Bar conveyor structure, temperature measuring mechanism are also equipped with reason stove, the side wall of the heat-treatment furnace is additionally provided with observation window.
- 3. heat-treatment furnace as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the Bar conveyor structure includes rack, bar is parked Frame, guide rail, frame driving device, rack brake apparatus, the rack are slidably connected by wheel and guide rail, rack driving dress Put, rack brake apparatus be installed on rack on, the temperature measuring equipment, frame driving device, rack brake apparatus pass through high temperature resistant Conducting wire is connected with exterior automaton.
- 4. the heat treatment side of extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution is realized using claim 1-3 any one of them heat-treatment furnaces Method, it is characterised in that the processing method comprises the following steps that:Step 1:Bar is placed into gas heating area, heating-up temperature is protected to 50-200 DEG C of bar recrystallization temperature, heating is higher than Warm time 1-5h;Step 2:Bar is placed into air-cooled area, the afterbody quenching 1- in air-cooled area using air blower to extrusion billet 10min, makes the tail temperature of blank reduce 10-30 DEG C;Step 3:Bar is placed into sensing heating area, in electromagnetic induction heating area with induction frequencies 1-10KHz, heating time 1- 20s, heating-up temperature be less than bar 10-20 DEG C of burnt temperature, heat penetration 2-20mm.
- 5. the heat treatment method as claimed in claim 4 for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution, it is characterised in that the wind The flow 1-20m of cold-zone air blower3/ min, according to extrudate and mold shape, sets various forms of cooling air channels.
- 6. the heat treatment method as claimed in claim 4 for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution, it is characterised in that the rod Material is aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy.
- 7. the heat treatment method as claimed in claim 6 for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution, it is characterised in that the aluminium Alloy bar material is heated to 350-500 DEG C, soaking time 2h in gas heating area, and the heating-up temperature in electromagnetic induction heating area is 480℃。
- 8. the heat treatment method as claimed in claim 6 for realizing extrusion billet temperature gradient distribution, it is characterised in that the magnesium Alloy bar material is heated to 250-400 DEG C, soaking time 1.5-3h in gas heating area, the heating-up temperature in electromagnetic induction heating area For 420 DEG C.
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CN107866443B (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2023-11-28 | 上海利正卫星应用技术有限公司 | On-line heating device for plate and strip during magnesium alloy rolling |
CN109985910B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-07-03 | 安徽马钢和菱实业有限公司 | Heating method before rolling for thickened shaft shoulder area of thin-wall trailer axle |
CN112808788A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-18 | 淮安和通汽车零部件有限公司 | Extrusion processing method of automobile anti-collision beam |
CN113234905B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2023-06-13 | 烟台大学 | High-flux preparation method and device for gradient thermal deformation and gradient thermal treatment |
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GB657185A (en) * | 1949-02-08 | 1951-09-12 | Dow Chemical Co | Improved procedure for the extrusion of magnesium-base alloy metal billets having a temperature gradient |
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