CN106674906A - 高纤维体积含量针织复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实验提供了一种高纤维体积含量的针织复合材料的制备方法，其特点在于所选基体为环氧树脂GCC‑135固化剂为蓝色GCC‑137。所述环氧树脂GCC‑135和蓝色固化剂GCC‑137调配溶液时的重量比例为100∶30。通过真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺与模压工艺相结合的方法将所配置的溶液与纬编针织物进行复合加工，经室温下固化24小时形成高纤维体积含量的针织复合材料。利用本发明方法制备的针织复合材料中纤维体积含量高达52.07％，相对于仅进行VARTM工艺得到34％的纤维体积含量有很大的提高。该复合材料以其高强度、高模量等优点广泛的应用于建筑、交通等各个领域，具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及针织复合材料及其制备方法，具体为一种抗冲击、拉伸、弯曲、压缩的高纤维体积含量的针织复合材料的制备方法。属于材料复合技术领域。
背景技术
织物对于人类的生活起着很大的作用，除了直接使用纤维织物以外还可以与树脂基结合加工成复合材料，并且纤维增强复合材料由于其高强度、高模量的特点，已经被广泛的应用于工程领域。
20世纪40年代，第一代性能良好的玻璃纤维增强复合材料出现了，但它仅限于两种形式：单向和短切纤维。到20世纪50年代，只有纺织技术中的机织材料被应用于玻璃纤维增强复合材料的制造中。直到20世纪80年代后期，纺织复合材料才得到了迅速的发展，大量的纺织预制件在各方面都得到了应用。再到20世纪90年代，针织结构作为复合材料的增强体受到了人们的广泛关注，其具有的优异力学性能、成型性能备受很多应用领域的欢迎。
纬编针织复合材料因其优良的成型性能、树脂传递模塑工艺和良好的耐冲击性能，特别适合汽车壳体的生产和要求，它可以取代传统的金属材料生产汽车壳体。纬编针织复合材料因其质量轻、强度高、成本低等特点，使飞行器、舰船等结构的制造材料从金属向复合材料转变。目前，纬编针织复合材料已经被用在了一些飞行器和舰船的翼片、螺旋桨的叶片、外壳、喷气发动机的导向喷嘴、机舱门等。纬编结构具有良好的变形性，其复合材料形状的也具有可控性。因此，纬编复合材料能够加工出防弹头盔和一次性模压成形的头盔。
纬编针织结构增强体复合材料，具有良好的成形性、抗冲击性和能量吸收性，并且其成型工艺更为简便。随着不断开发，纬编针织结构增强体复合材料已经被应用于越来越多的领域。VARTM可以实现树脂与纤维的良好浸润，模压成型工艺通过模压专用垫片控制复合材料的厚度，达到控制纤维的体积含量。本专利将两种工艺相结合用针织物作为复合的材料通过提高纤维体积含量从而更好的提升复合材料的性能。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明拟解决的技术问题是提供一种高纤维体积含量针织复合材料的制备方法。
为了实现本发明的目的，发明人通过大量的实验研究与不断探索，最终获得如下技术方案：
一种高纤维体积复合材料的制备方法有以下步骤：
(1)将所选的纱线编织出所需要的花型的织物组织，备用；
(2)准备阶段：将实验平台整理好，进行消毒处理，再把实验所需器材准备好放在试验台上备用。
(3)封膜：从玻璃板的中央向四周刷硅油，到脱膜布的大小为止，然后按照脱模布、增强织物、脱模布、导流布的顺序铺在刚刚刷完硅油的玻璃板上，再在四周贴上密封用的双面胶带，在一个边沿放上导流管，在将真空膜粘结上。
(4)检验气密性：将排气管与真空泵一侧连接，注射管管用铁钳夹紧，打开真空泵抽真空一段时间，先用夹子把排气管夹紧，再关闭真空泵，此时，增强体和真空膜都紧贴在了玻璃板上，静置大约10分钟，我们通过观察真空膜打褶处是否有气泡来判断装置的气密性，10分钟后，若打褶处都没有出现气泡，说明气密性良好，否则要找出漏气处，修补后重新检验气密性，直到气密性良好为止。
(5)注胶模压和固化：将GCC-135环氧树脂与蓝色GCC-137固化剂按照100∶30的比例在烧杯混合均匀，将注射管管口浸入烧杯液体中，打开真空泵将排气管注入管上夹子依次取下，待到织物被树脂完全浸润后，先将注入管夹上，再将排气管夹上，最后将真空泵关闭。将模具与复合材料放在模压机上模压固化24小时(所选模压专用垫片为3mm)。
(6)开模检验：固化24小时后，取出制备好的针织增强复合材料，检验是否有气泡。
所述的纤维是UHMWPE、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、玻璃纤维或者其他功能性纤维。
所述的树脂是环氧树脂GCC-135、环氧树脂1008A-60。
所述加热固化的温度可以根据树脂种类进行调整。
针织物增强复合材料是由针织物作为增强结构的纺织复合材料。树脂是GCC-135与环氧树脂1008A-60。固化剂为GCC-137与固化剂1008B-60。并且GCC-135环氧树脂与蓝色GCC-137固化剂以100∶30的比例调和配置。环氧树脂1008A-60与固化剂1008B-60以100∶80的重量比例调和配置。
本发明的高纤维体积含量针织复合材料中纤维体积含量高达52.07％，具有高强度高模量，且性能更优。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述。
实施例1
(1)将UHMWPE纱线编织成横密22.51(纵行/5cm)、纵密24.75(横列/5cm)纬平针组织织物8块以备用，将GCC-135环氧树脂与GCC-137固化剂以100∶30的重量比例调和配置。在真空辅助树脂传递模具上均匀地涂抹一层脱膜布的大小的甲基硅油，然后按照脱模布、8块垂直铺设的纬平针组织织物、脱模布、导流布的顺序铺在刚刚刷完硅油的玻璃板上，再在四周贴上密封用的双面胶带，在一个边沿放上导流管，在将真空膜粘结上。在所述模具与真空膜的结合处抽真空，直至真空度达到0.1MPa以下后，注入树脂溶液使其充满模具，将模具与复合材料放置模压机上进行模压，(所选模压机专用垫片为3mm)固化24h成型。
对上述制得的复合材料进行纤维体积含量计算。由复合前织物面密度为189.43g/m2、UH纤维密度0.97g/cm3、织物层数为8、复合材料厚度3mm、根据公式(1-1)即可制得本发明所述复合材料纤维体积含量为52.07％。
ρk复合前织物面密度 ρf为纤维密度
N为织物层数 d为复合材料厚度
实施例2
将碳纤维长丝编织成横密22.51(纵行/5cm)、纵密24.75(横列/5cm)纬平针组织织物8块以备用，将GCC-135环氧树脂与GCC-137固化剂以100∶30的重量比例调和配置。在真空辅助树脂传递模具上均匀地涂抹一层脱膜布的大小的甲基硅油，然后按照脱模布、8块垂直铺设的纬平针组织织物、脱模布、导流布的顺序铺在刚刚刷完硅油的玻璃板上，再在四周贴上密封用的双面胶带，在一个边沿放上导流管，在将真空膜粘结上。在所述模具与真空膜的结合处抽真空，直至真空度达到0.1MPa以下后，注入树脂溶液使其充满模具，将模具与复合材料放置模压机上进行模压，(所选模压机专用垫片为3mm)固化24h成型。
对上述制得的复合材料进行纤维体积含量计算。由复合前织物面密度189.43g/m2、碳纤维密度1.85g/cm3、织物层数为8、复合材料厚度3mm、根据公式(1-1)即可制得本发明所述复合材料纤维体积含量为27.30％。
实施例3
将芳纶编织成横密27.00(纵行/5cm)、纵密36.50(横列/5cm)纬平针组织织物8块以备用，将GCC-135环氧树脂与GCC-137固化剂以100∶30的重量比例调和配置。在真空辅助树脂传递模具上均匀地涂抹一层脱膜布的大小的甲基硅油，然后按照脱模布、8块垂直铺设的纬平针组织织物、脱模布、导流布的顺序铺在刚刚刷完硅油的玻璃板上，再在四周贴上密封用的双面胶带，在一个边沿放上导流管，在将真空膜粘结上。在所述模具与真空膜的结合处抽真空，直至真空度达到0.1MPa以下后，注入树脂溶液使其充满模具，将模具与复合材料放置模压机上进行模压，(所选模压机专用垫片为3mm)固化24h成型。
对上述制得的复合材料进行纤维体积含量计算。由复合前织物面密度265g/m2、芳纶纤维密度1.44g/cm3、织物层数为8、复合材料厚度3mm、根据公式(1-1)即可制得本发明所述复合材料纤维体积含量为49.07％。
实施例4
将玻璃纤维编织成27.00(纵行/5cm)、纵密36.50(横列/5cm)纬平针组织织物8块以备用，将GCC-135环氧树脂与GCC-137固化剂以100∶30的重量比例调和配置。在真空辅助树脂传递模具上均匀地涂抹一层脱膜布的大小的甲基硅油，然后按照脱模布、8块垂直铺设的纬平针组织织物、脱模布、导流布的顺序铺在刚刚刷完硅油的玻璃板上，再在四周贴上密封用的双面胶带，在一个边沿放上导流管，在将真空膜粘结上。在所述模具与真空膜的结合处抽真空，直至真空度达到0.1MPa以下后，注入树脂溶液使其充满模具，将模具与复合材料放置模压机上进行模压，(所选模压机专用垫片为3mm)固化24h成型。
对上述制得的复合材料进行纤维体积含量计算。由复合前织物面密度265g/m2、玻璃纤维密度2.6g/cm3、织物层数为8、复合材料厚度3mm、根据公式(1-1)即可制得本发明所述复合材料纤维体积含量为27.18％。
实施例5
将涤纶长丝编织成横密22.51(纵行/5cm)、纵密24.75(横列/5cm)纬平针组织织物8块以备用，将将GCC-135环氧树脂与GCC-137固化剂以100∶30的重量比例调和配置。在真空辅助树脂传递模具上均匀地涂抹一层脱膜布的大小的甲基硅油，然后按照脱模布、8块垂直铺设的纬平针组织织物、脱模布、导流布的顺序铺在刚刚刷完硅油的玻璃板上，再在四周贴上密封用的双面胶带，在一个边沿放上导流管，在将真空膜粘结上。在所述模具与真空膜的结合处抽真空，直至真空度达到0.1MPa以下后，注入树脂溶液使其充满模具，将模具与复合材料放置模压机上进行模压，(所选模压机专用垫片为3mm)固化24h成型。
对上述制得的复合材料进行纤维体积含量计算。由复合前织物面密度189.43g/m2、涤纶密度1.33g/cm3、织物层数为8、复合材料厚度3mm、根据公式(1-1)即可制得本发明所述复合材料纤维体积含量为37.98％。
实施例6
将UHMWPE编织成横密22.51(纵行/5cm)、纵密24.75(横列/5cm)纬平针组织织物8块以备用，将环氧树脂1008A-60与固化剂1008B-60以100∶80的重量比例调和配置。在真空辅助树脂传递模具上均匀地涂抹一层脱膜布的大小的甲基硅油，然后按照脱模布、8块垂直铺设的纬平针组织织物、脱模布、导流布的顺序铺在刚刚刷完硅油的玻璃板上，再在四周贴上密封用的双面胶带，在一个边沿放上导流管，在将真空膜粘结上。在所述模具与真空膜的结合处抽真空，直至真空度达到0.1MPa以下后，注入树脂溶液使其充满模具，将模具与复合材料放置模压机上进行模压，(所选模压机专用垫片为3mm)固化24h成型。
对上述制得的复合材料进行纤维体积含量计算。由复合前织物面密度为189.43g/m2、UH纤维密度0.97g/cm3、织物层数为8、复合材料厚度3mm、根据公式(1-1)即可制得本发明所述复合材料纤维体积含量为51.01％。
Claims (2)
1.一种高纤维体积含量的复合材料方法，其特点在于真空辅助树脂传递法与模压法相结合，本发明的高纤维体积含量针织复合材料中纤维体积含量高达52.07％，具有高强度高模量，且性能更优。
2.根据权利要求所述的GCC-135环氧树脂与蓝色GCC-137固化剂按照100∶30的比例混合均匀。所选用的铺层方式为垂直铺层。
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| CN110228214A (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-13 | 广汽三菱汽车有限公司 | 一种连续纤维增强型塑料汽车零件的快速成型方法 |
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