Background technology
Screw extruder is a kind of mechanical presses dehydration device, and at present, the screw extruder of form of ownership is substantially and adopts
With reducing, the main shaft of varying pitch, material by the helical blade of varying pitch and the screw spindle of reducing, progressively compressed material system
Volume, system is discharged by the medium with mobility therein by screen cloth, separation of solid and liquid is realized, to improve material mass dryness fraction.
The institutional framework form and physical characteristic of various materials have the difference of essence, in screw extrusion dehydration,
The water separation capability and dehydration mechanism of performance are also entirely different.
By the paper making pulp of chemicals high-temperature process, the solids portion of compositional system, macrostructure has destroyed (dimension
The lignin dissolution or destruction of material structure intensity are held, the macrostructure of plant has been caved in), plasticity preferably, is extruded after extruding
Plasticity profile afterwards is difficult bounce-back, and voluminal resilience amount is small, that is, after voluminal resilience to extrusion liquid to return pipette small, be easier
Extrusion dehydration, is suitable for reducing, the screw extruder of varying pitch structure type.
Thing after straw after water washing, the slurry of the tobacco rod without high temperature and a large amount of chemical treatments, Chinese herbal medicine dipping
Material etc., the above several materials entirely different with paper making pulp property, one is in processing procedure, to be only extracted therein water-soluble
Property or other solvent borne leachables, constitute the lignin of plant structure intensity, cellulose and wooden have the half of chemical bonds
Cellulose, also exists substantially, even if being cut off, being ground into small size, its microstructure intensity is also possessed substantially;Leachable dissolution
Afterwards, material concrete dynamic modulus, water imbibition is more stronger than raw material;The extrusion dehydration of this kind of material, the anti-pressure ability during extrusion dehydration
By force, the water extrusion power consumption inside institutional framework is big;Even if extrusion, because material plastic deformation resilience is strong after extruding, squeeze
Easily rebound imbibition after pressure, it is difficult to reaches discharging mass dryness fraction higher, and easily locally dehydration excessively causes dry and hard occluding device, mesh
The traditional all kinds of extrusion dehydration equipment of preceding main use paper industry, mass dryness fraction is difficult to stably reach 30%, and due to this kind of thing
Expect easy agglomerate, inlet amount fluctuation is big, it is difficult to stable operation.
Straw comprehensive utilization production biomass fuel preprocessing process, be badly in need of it is a kind of for straw dehydration
Screw extruder, had both adapted to the big feeding manner of undulate quantity, and extrusion stalk material mass dryness fraction can reach 40-55%, improve steam explosion again
Canned doses, steam saving improves steam explosion effect, and stable, and power consumption is low.
At present, the extruding-desiccation machine that this field is not applicable still.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly to solve the above problems, there is provided a kind of screw extrusion for straw dehydration
Machine, is adapted to the preprocessing process of straw comprehensive utilization production biomass fuel, is adapted to the big feeding manner of undulate quantity,
Extrusion stalk material mass dryness fraction reaches 40-55%, and it is stable, do not block, power consumption it is low.
To realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the screw extruder for straw dehydration of the invention includes:Frame;
In frame and with respect to the screw spindle of gantry rotation;Drive the drive device of screw spindle rotation;In frame and
It is located at the screen drum outside screw spindle;In frame and it is located at the seal closure outside screen drum;It is arranged on entering for frame two ends
Material mouth and discharging opening;Wherein, the screw spindle includes:It is big for adapting to inlet amount fluctuation below the charging aperture
Charging d-axis section;The transportation section for extruding conveying material being connected with charging d-axis section end;It is connected with transportation section end
For forming continuous material plug to improve the discharging d-axis section of discharging mass dryness fraction, one part is located at the top of the discharging opening;Its
In, the pitch of the helical blade in the charging d-axis section, transportation section is constant;Wherein, the discharge outlet sets to have and is used for
Open or block the back pressure dish structure of material outlet back pressure disk.
Preferably, the charging d-axis section, transportation section, discharging d-axis section are diameter identical d-axis.
Preferably, the discharging d-axis section has the light shaft part for making the material form continuous material plug.
Wherein, the screen drum includes:Interior sieve plate;It is arranged on the outer sieve plate outside interior sieve plate;Screen frame outside outer sieve plate is set;
Wherein, the interior sieve plate, outer sieve plate are welded on the screen frame.
Preferably, the difference of the diameter of the diameter of the screen drum and the screw spindle is less than 600mm.
Preferably, the sieve diameter of the interior sieve plate is 3-5mm, and the sieve diameter of outer sieve plate is 20-30mm.
Preferably, the thickness of slab of the interior sieve plate is 3-5mm, and the thickness of slab of outer sieve plate is 12-18mm.
Preferably, the axial length of the smooth shaft part is 0.35-1.2 times of the helical blade diameter.
Preferably, near at least 2 helical blades, at least 2 helical blade institutes of discharge outlet on the screw spindle
In the screw spindle and the interior floor lever of sieve tray spraying wear-resistant materials of the screen drum at place, Brinell hardness is set to be more than HB400.
Preferably, method of the high-abrasive material using electric arc spraying is sprayed.
Compared with prior art, the screw extruder for straw dehydration of the invention has the following advantages that:
1st, screw extruder of the invention, screw spindle is the main shaft that diameter is constant, pitch is constant so that straw exists
In screw extruder during extrusion dehydration, dehydration resistance can be reduced, improve the coefficient of fullness of feed end material, increase initial stage dehydration
The quantity of amount, especially feed end helical blade is reduced, it is possible to decrease the total frictional force between material and body, is reduced power and is disappeared
Consumption, and it is stable, do not block, power consumption is low;
2nd, screw extruder of the invention, the helical blade quantity on screw spindle is few so that material dewatering resistance is small, but
Material structure intensity is big, institutional framework internal moisture abjection resistance is big, by setting light shaft part and back pressure disk, can improve discharging
End crushing strength, so as to improve discharging mass dryness fraction;
3rd, screw extruder of the invention, because helical blade is few so that screw spindle length reduces, compared with the prior art
Extruder for, increased the radial thickness of whole extruder, axial length is reduced, so as to reduce between material and body
Friction area, power consumption can be reduced;
4th, screw extruder of the invention, by rationally design without helical blade clear area (i.e. light shaft part) axial length and
Main shaft and the diameter ratio of screen frame screen drum, under the cooperation of back pressure disk, can be formed continuously the Liao Sai areas of sufficient intensity, with stabilization
Discharging mass dryness fraction requirement is reached, the friction area of Liao Sai areas tightness material high and screen frame is reduced, power consumption is reduced.
5th, screw extruder of the invention, discharge outlet is arranged on the transportation section lower section of screw spindle, is formed after material dewatering
Moisture can directly from discharge outlet discharge, effectively prevent material extrusion liquid resorption, it is ensured that discharging mass dryness fraction reach requirement.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Specific embodiment
The front view of the screw extruder as shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, being respectively dehydrated provided by the present invention for straw,
Top view and right view, as seen from the figure, screw extruder of the invention includes:Frame 1;In frame 1 and with respect to frame 1
The screw spindle of rotation;Drive the drive device of screw spindle rotation;In frame 1 and it is located at the screen drum outside screw spindle
15;In frame 1 and the seal closure 9 that is located at outside screen drum 15;It is arranged on the charging aperture 2 and discharging opening 3 at the two ends of frame 1;
Wherein, screw spindle includes:Positioned at the lower section of 9 charging aperture of seal closure 2 for adapting to the charging d-axis section 16 that inlet amount fluctuates big;
The transportation section 4 for extruding conveying material being connected with 16 ends of charging d-axis section;Be connected with the end of transportation section 4 for being formed
Continuous material is filled in improve the discharging d-axis section 14 of discharging mass dryness fraction, and one part is located at the top of the discharging opening 3 of seal closure 9;Its
In, the pitch of the helical blade in charging d-axis section 16, transportation section 4 is constant;Wherein, being set at discharging opening 3 has for opening
Or block the back pressure dish structure of the back pressure disk 10 of material outlet.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, screw extruder of the invention includes frame 1, the spiral with helical blade 13
The two ends of main shaft are rotatably installed in frame 1 by bearing chamber 8 respectively, have rolling bearing and thrust bearing, bearing in bearing chamber 8
Room 8 is fixed on the supporter of frame 1, and one end of screw spindle is power intake, is connected with drive device, such as passes through shaft coupling
Device and reductor, belt drive system, motor connection, because the crushing strength of the screw extruder port of export is far above entrance point,
So that the major impetus load of whole equipment is in the port of export, therefore, drive device is arranged on going out for screw extruder by the present invention
Material mouth one end.
Wherein, screw spindle of the invention is covered with columnar screen drum 15, as shown in figure 4, screen drum 15 be interior sieve plate 5,
Outer sieve plate 6 is welded on two semicircle screen frames 7 (screen frame expanded view is as shown in Figure 5) with reinforcement gusset, two semicircles
Screen frame 7 is fastened by bolts and constitutes together;As shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, for rectangular slab (can also be for just after interior sieve plate 5 launches
Square plate), the thickness of slab of interior sieve plate 5 is 3-5mm, and sieve diameter is Φ 3-5mm, as shown in figure 8, being rectangular after outer sieve plate 6 launches
Shape plate (can also be square plate), the thickness of slab of outer sieve plate 6 is 12-18mm, and sieve diameter is Φ 20-30mm, the two of screen drum 15
End is fixed by bolts in the supporting plate of frame 1.Seal closure 9 is covered with outside screen drum 15, and in frame 1 and positioned at seal closure
The bolt fit sealing of drip tray 11 of 9 bottoms, is discharge outlet 12 in the middle of drip tray 11, and the effect of seal closure 9 is sealing screen drum
The liquid of discharge, feeds them into drip tray discharge.The dotted portion at the middle part of charging aperture 2 is seen from Fig. 1, be the bottom of charging aperture 2,
The semicircle screen frame that screw spindle bottom is set, charging aperture 2 is by being connected with bottom drip tray positioned at screw spindle both sides
A pair of sealing straight panels are surrounded, and material enters from a pair of upper openings of sealing straight panel.Also by positioned at screw spindle at discharging opening 3
A pair of sealing straight panels of both sides are surrounded, and using structure straight-through up and down, are discharged at following opening, and opening above is used as to see
Sample tap is examined, in order to be observed at any time discharging situation.Because discharge outlet 12 is located between charging aperture 2 and discharging opening 3, just
Liquid (such as water) discharge formed after material dewatering is processed.Be arranged below for discharging opening by the present invention, is easy to discharge and prevents
Only discharging opening is blocked.
Wherein, as shown in figure 1, screw spindle of the invention includes charging d-axis section 16, transportation section 4 and discharging d-axis section
14, wherein, charging d-axis section 16, transportation section 4, discharging d-axis section 14 have identical diameter, i.e. screw spindle has not reducing
D-axis, and because the free water between stalk is easily dehydrated, being not required to extruding just can remove a part, therefore, spiral shell of the invention
The pitch of the helical blade on rotation main shaft is constant.
Wherein, discharging d-axis section 14 of the invention has the light without helical blade 13 for making material form continuous material plug
Shaft part.Because discharging d-axis section 14 has light shaft part so that enter through feeding d-axis section and transportation section successively from what charging aperture 2 entered
The stalk material entered to light shaft part forms material plug in light shaft part, and material plug makes stalk be dehydrated because of extruding, blocked out in back pressure disk 10
In the case of material mouth 3, the stalk material positioned at the continuous material plug of light shaft part is adequately compressed, so that mass dryness fraction can reach 40-
55%, stably reach discharging mass dryness fraction requirement.
Preferably, the axial length that screw spindle discharge end material plug of the invention forms area (i.e. light shaft part) is helical blade
0.35-1.2 times of 13 diameters, relative to existing technologies, reduces the length in extrusion dehydration area, so that it is high tight to reduce Liao Sai areas
Friction area between degree material and screen drum, reduces power consumption;And inside diameter (that is, the circle that interior sieve plate is surrounded of screen drum 15
The internal diameter of cylinder) with the difference of the diameter of light shaft part less than 600mm;The quantity of the helical blade in charging d-axis section is 2-4, preferably
, 3 helical blades are set in charging d-axis section, and the quantity of the helical blade on whole screw spindle is 4-8, preferably
, 6 helical blades are used on screw spindle.
The quantity that the present invention passes through the helical blade in the length and screw spindle that reduce screw spindle, shortens screw extrusion
The entire length of machine, it is possible to decrease the friction area between material and each several part of screw extruder, so as to reduce frictional force, increases
Volume compression amount in unit interval, reduces the power consumption of drive device, adapts to the characteristic of stalk material fast dewatering, reachable
To discharging mass dryness fraction requirement so that discharging mass dryness fraction can reach 40-55%, far above the discharging mass dryness fraction of prior art extruder.
Wherein, 13, the 2 helical blade regions of last 2 helical blades on screw spindle near discharge outlet are arrived
The screw spindle of discharge end and the surface of the interior sieve plate 5 difference spraying wear-resistant materials of screen drum 15, so that Brinell hardness is more than
HB400, it is preferred that the surface arcing spraying 3Cr13 high-abrasive materials of each part mentioned above, so as to screw spindle, helical blade and sieve
The critical piece such as plate service life is lengthened.
To sum up, screw spindle of the invention 4, its feed end (one end corresponding with gating location), transportation section, discharging
Hold the diameter of axle of (one end corresponding with discharging opening position) consistent, be adapted to the big feeding manner of undulate quantity, the spiral shell of helical blade
Keep constant to discharging extreme direction away from from feed end, be easy to processing, also allow for quick feeding and conveying stalk, improve feed end thing
The coefficient of fullness of material, increases initial stage dehydrating amount.
Wherein, the present invention also sets up back pressure dish structure near discharging opening, with for opening or blocking material outlet
Back pressure disk 10, coordinates the light shaft part without helical blade 13 to form material plug and forms area, control and raising discharging mass dryness fraction.Preferably, carry on the back
Press plate structure uses pneumatic back dish structure, the operating principle of pneumatic back dish structure and the pneumatic back dish structure of prior art
Principle it is identical, in the present invention, back pressure dish structure as shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, is provided with the circle of through hole centered on its back pressure disk 10
Disk, the end of screw spindle passes through the through hole of back pressure disk center.In design, back pressure dish structure of the invention is arranged on screen drum 15
With the d-axis fragment position top outside discharging opening, the diameter of the outward flange with diameter greater than screen drum 15 of back pressure disk, before causing back pressure disk
During shifting, the space that can be blocked between light shaft part and screen drum 15, to play a part of to make feed blocking.
In start, the material that back pressure disk is blocked between light shaft part and screen drum 15 under the promotion of the certain air pressure of cylinder goes out
Mouthful, so that material can not be discharged from discharging opening, as charging aperture constantly feeds, helical blade promotes the pressure of material increasingly
Greatly, dehydration mass dryness fraction is further improved, and the material degree of stoppering that discharging opening material plug forms area (i.e. light shaft part) is increasing, when discharging mass dryness fraction
When reaching requirement, helical blade promotes the active force of material plug to be more than back pressure disk cylinder pressure, and back pressure disk is pushed open by material plug, continuously gone out
Material, now expects that plug has been stablized to be formed, and extrusion stalk mass dryness fraction stabilization can exit back pressure disk, and material is dropped out from discharging opening.
Screw extruder for straw dehydration of the present invention, is mainly used in biomass fuel production field
Stalk pretreatment, straw cutting to 10-60mm long, the straw after being processed through water washing or chemical solutions, in this hair
After bright screw extruder dehydration, in the case where inlet amount fluctuating range is larger, discharging mass dryness fraction can still stably reach 40-
55%, hydrotrope removal amount is improved, meanwhile, stalk is extruded crumples and tears compacting, and steam-explosion jar charge increases, and saves and steams
Vapour, improves steam explosion effect, is conducive to subsequent technique to process, and power consumption is low, stable, screw spindle, helical blade
With sieve plate long lifespan.
Screw extruder of the invention can be applied to material sap extraction industry, and recovery rate is various far above presently used
Extruder, the tobacco rod of effect is significant, such as tobacco business starches extrusion dehydration, the extrusion dehydration of extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, tealeaves and drink
Sap extraction etc..
In sum, compared with prior art, the screw extruder for straw dehydration of the invention has as follows
Advantage:
1st, screw extruder of the invention, screw spindle is the main shaft that diameter is constant, pitch is constant so that straw exists
In screw extruder during extrusion dehydration, dehydration resistance can be reduced, improve the coefficient of fullness of feed end material, increase initial stage dehydration
The quantity of amount, especially feed end helical blade is reduced, it is possible to decrease the total frictional force between material and body, is reduced power and is disappeared
Consumption, and it is stable, do not block, power consumption is low;
2nd, screw extruder of the invention, the helical blade quantity on screw spindle is few so that material dewatering resistance is small, but
Material structure intensity is big, institutional framework internal moisture abjection resistance is big, by setting light shaft part and back pressure disk, can improve discharging
End crushing strength, so as to improve discharging mass dryness fraction;
3rd, screw extruder of the invention, because helical blade is few so that screw spindle length reduces, compared with the prior art
Extruder for, increased the radial thickness of whole extruder, axial length is reduced, so as to reduce between material and body
Friction area, power consumption can be reduced;
4th, screw extruder of the invention, by rationally design without helical blade clear area (i.e. light shaft part) axial length and
Main shaft and the diameter ratio of screen frame screen drum, under the cooperation of back pressure disk, can be formed continuously the Liao Sai areas of sufficient intensity, with stabilization
Discharging mass dryness fraction requirement is reached, the friction area of Liao Sai areas tightness material high and screen frame is reduced, power consumption is reduced.
5th, screw extruder of the invention, discharge outlet is arranged on the transportation section lower section of screw spindle, is formed after material dewatering
Moisture can directly from discharge outlet discharge, effectively prevent material extrusion liquid resorption, it is ensured that discharging mass dryness fraction reach requirement.
Although the present invention has been described above with particularity, but the invention is not restricted to this, those skilled in the art can
Modified with principle of the invention, therefore, all various modifications carried out according to principle of the invention all should be understood to
Fall into protection scope of the present invention.