Screw extruder for steam-puffed plant straw and stalk material dewatering
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields that straw comprehensively utilizes production biomass fuel, and in particular to one kind is used for vapour
The screw extruder of puffed plant straw and stalk material dewatering.
Background technique
Screw extruder is a kind of mechanical presses dehydration device, and material passes through the helical blade of varying pitch and the spiral of variable diameter
Axis, gradually compressed material system volume, is discharged system by sieve for the medium therein with mobility, realizes solid-liquid point
From to improve material mass dryness fraction.
The institutional framework form and physical characteristic of various materials have the difference of essence, in screw extrusion dehydration,
The water separation capability and dehydration mechanism of performance are also entirely different.
By the paper making pulp of chemicals high-temperature process, the solids portion of compositional system, macrostructure has destroyed (dimension
Hold the lignin dissolution of material structure intensity or destroy, the macrostructure of plant has been collapsed), fibrous absorbent occurs profit and rises, and squeezes
Plasticity is preferable after pressure, and plasticity shape after extruding is not easy to rebound, and voluminal resilience amount is small, returns pipette to extrusion liquid after voluminal resilience
It is small, it is easier extrusion dehydration;Major part screw extruder is designed for this kind of material at present.
During steam explosion is spurted, since the moisture instant vaporization expansion inside plant structure is planted under steam power tearing
Object structural strength has been destroyed;Material after steam explosion after water washing or chemical solutions processing, wherein hemicellulose fraction,
Water-soluble substances, including some small-molecular-weight lignin, have separated dissolution;Substantially filiform state, structural porous are loose;
Again since wherein cellulose crystallite partial moisture not can enter, the heterogeneous microstructure in these regions of material change after steam explosion compared with
It is small, so that most of microfibre profit that do not absorb water is risen, so, the material water imbibition after steam explosion is strong, mainly free water, but is dehydrated
Resistance is small, and filamentary material is easily wound during the dehydration process, easily causes part to cross dehydration, form the excessively stiff material block in part, into one
Step blocks extruder, is unable to run;Cotton fiber starches (crystalline fibers cellulose content is high), without chemicals or few chemicals thermophilic digestion
Paper pulp also there is similar characteristic.
In the prior art, straw gas-explosive material is dehydrated using the screw extruder of paper industry traditional design,
Often be unable to operate normally or discharge dry and hard blocking press master or discharge concentration it is too low, can not be more than 20% mass dryness fraction.
Therefore, the technical field that production biomass fuel is comprehensively utilized in straw is badly in need of a kind of for steam-puffed plant
The screw extruder of stalk material dewatering had both adapted to the big feeding manner of undulate quantity, and squeezing out gas-explosive material mass dryness fraction can reach again
40-65%, and stable, do not block, power consumption it is low.And up to now, this field is still without being suitable for steam-puffed plant
The screw extruder of stalk material dewatering.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, provides a kind of spiral shell for steam-puffed plant straw and stalk material dewatering
Extruder is revolved, structure is simple, and the gas-explosive material that can meet straw comprehensive utilization production biomass fuel technical field is de-
Water requirement, is adapted to the big feeding manner of undulate quantity, squeezes out gas-explosive material mass dryness fraction and reaches 40-65%, and is stable, does not block up
Plug, power consumption are low.
Above-mentioned purpose to realize the present invention, the screw extruder packet for steam-puffed plant straw and stalk material dewatering of the invention
It includes: rack;It is mounted on the rack and with respect to the screw spindle of gantry rotation;Drive the driving device of screw spindle rotation;It is located at
In rack and it is located at the screen drum outside screw spindle;It is mounted on the rack and is located at the seal closure outside screen drum;It is arranged in rack
The inlet port and outlet port at both ends;Wherein, the screw spindle includes: below the feed inlet for improving steam explosion object
The charging d-axis section of the charging rate of material;The compression section for Fast Compression gas-explosive material being connect with charging d-axis section end;
What is connect with compression section end is used to make gas-explosive material volume to be compressed into the discharging d-axis section that the continuous material of minimum and formation is filled in,
A part is located at the top of the discharge port;Wherein, it is described charging d-axis section, compression section, discharging d-axis section on helical blade
Screw pitch be gradually reduced.
Preferably, the compression section has tapered shaft, and the diameter of end is greater than the diameter of its front end.
Preferably, the d-axis that the discharging d-axis section has diameter constant, comprising: the spiral shell being connect with the compression section end
Revolve section;The optical axis section for continuously expecting to fill in for forming the gas-explosive material being connect with spiral section end;Wherein, the spiral section
With the most end helical blade on the screw spindle.
Preferably, the most end helical blade is located at the junction of discharging the d-axis section and the compression section, and being used for will
It gets into the volume compression of the gas-explosive material of most end helical blade to minimum.
Further, further includes: the steam explosion for that will squeeze out in the optical axis section of the discharging d-axis section is set
The discharging being crushed at lump material in material is crushed stick.
Preferably, the d-axis that the charging d-axis section has diameter constant, diameter are less than the straight of the discharging d-axis section
Diameter.
Preferably, 1-1.5 helical blade is arranged in the charging d-axis section, to improve the charging rate of gas-explosive material.
Preferably, the axial length of the optical axis section is 0.4-1.6 times of the helical blade diameter, high-strength to reduce
Spend the length of crush zone.
Preferably, the difference of the diameter of the screen drum and the diameter of the discharging d-axis section is less than 500mm, to improve discharging
Mass dryness fraction.
Preferably, the volume compression of the helical blade at the discharge end of the screw spindle and the helical blade at feed end
It is 1:1.7-3.15 than range.
Preferably, on the screw spindle where at least three helical blade of discharge outlet, 3 helical blades
Screw spindle and the screen drum interior floor lever of sieve tray spraying wear-resistant materials, so as to make Brinell hardness be greater than HB400.
Compared with prior art, the screw extruder for steam-puffed plant straw and stalk material dewatering of the invention has following excellent
Point:
1, screw extruder of the invention is used to since gas-explosive material dehydration resistance is small, take off gas-explosive material extrusion dehydration
Water speed rate is fast, therefore screw extruder of the invention eliminates the pre-dehydration part of conventional extruder, reduces helical blade quantity, contracting
The length of short screw extruder reduces the friction area between material and body, reduces frictional force, increases the body in the unit time
Product decrement, reduces power consumption, adapts to the characteristic of gas-explosive material fast dewatering, reaches discharging mass dryness fraction requirement;
2, screw extruder of the invention reduces the length of high-intensitive crush zone, when reducing the extruding of material high intensity
Frictional force between body, it is ensured that material fast dewatering, and reduce power consumption;
3, screw extruder of the invention, the d-axis of one section of not variable diameter is arranged in screw spindle variable diameter to maximum, so that vapour
Explosive material compression volume is to minimum, crushing strength highest, after frictional force is maximum, and material enters the optical axis section of no helical blade,
Since on-bladed pushes, so that material is formed continuously the area Liao Sai in optical axis section, squeezed into before material releases by subsequent, it can be true
It protects material and continues dehydration to requiring mass dryness fraction, thus make the mass dryness fraction of the gas-explosive material squeezed out can reach 40-65%, and stable,
It does not block, power consumption is low;
4, screw extruder of the invention rationally designs the axial length of optical axis section and the diameter of main shaft and cylinder-shaped screen drum
The ratio between, to be formed continuously the intensity area Liao Sai appropriate, friction area can be reduced, and discharging mass dryness fraction requirement can be stably reached;
5, the volume compression ratio of screw extruder of the invention, screw spindle discharge end and feed end is 1:1.7-3.15,
To be adapted to feed the variation range of different mass dryness fractions.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the main view of the screw extruder for steam-puffed plant straw and stalk material dewatering of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the top view of screw extruder shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the right view of screw extruder shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of screw spindle of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the assembling schematic diagram of screen frame of the invention, interior sieve plate, the cylinder-shaped screen drum of outer sieve plate composition;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram after screen frame expansion of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram after interior sieve plate expansion of the invention;
Fig. 8 is I magnified partial view shown in Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram after outer sieve plate expansion of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of screw extruder for steam-puffed plant straw and stalk material dewatering, comprehensive to meet straw
It is dehydrated and is required using the gas-explosive material of production biomass fuel technical field, adapt to the big feeding manner of undulate quantity, and make to squeeze out
Gas-explosive material mass dryness fraction reaches 40-65%, and stable, does not block, and power consumption is low.
In order to achieve the above object, as shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, the spiral for steam-puffed plant straw and stalk material dewatering of the invention
Extruder includes: rack 1;The screw spindle for being mounted in rack 1 and being rotated relative to rack 1;Drive the drive of screw spindle rotation
Dynamic device;In rack 1 and the screen drum 16 that is located at outside screw spindle;It is mounted in rack 1 and is located at outside screen drum 16
Seal closure 9;The feed inlet 2 and discharge port 3 at 1 both ends of rack are set;Wherein, screw spindle includes: positioned at 2 lower section of feed inlet
For improving the charging d-axis section 18 of the charging rate of gas-explosive material;Fast Compression is used for what charging 18 end of d-axis section was connect
The compression section 4 of gas-explosive material;What is connect with 4 end of compression section is continuous for making gas-explosive material volume be compressed into minimum and formation
Expect the discharging d-axis section 14 of plug, part of it is located at the top of discharge port 3;Wherein, d-axis section 18, compression section 4, discharging are fed directly
The screw pitch of helical blade 13 on shaft part 14 is gradually reduced.
Specifically, screw extruder of the invention includes rack 1, the both ends difference of the screw spindle with helical blade 13
It is rotatably installed in rack 1 by bearing chamber 8, there is rolling bearing and thrust bearing in bearing chamber 8, bearing chamber 8 is fixed on rack 1
Supporter on, one end of screw spindle is power intake, is connect with driving device, such as by shaft coupling and speed reducer, skin
Belt transmission system, motor connection, since the crushing strength of screw extruder outlet end is much higher than input end, so that whole equipment
Major impetus load is in outlet end, and therefore, driving device is mounted on discharge port one end of screw extruder by the present invention.
Wherein, screw spindle of the invention is covered with columnar screen drum 16, as shown in figure 5, screen drum 16 be interior sieve plate 5,
Outer sieve plate 6 is welded on two with stiffener plate semicircle screen frames 7 (screen frame expanded view is as shown in Figure 6), two semicircles
Screen frame 7 is fastened by bolts to be formed together;As shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, the plate thickness 3-5mm of interior sieve plate 5, sieve pore Φ 3-5mm such as scheme
Shown in 9, the plate thickness 12-18mm of outer sieve plate 6, sieve pore Φ 20-30mm, the both ends of screen drum 16 are fixed by bolts to 1 support plate of rack
On.It is covered with seal closure 9 outside screen drum 16, uses bolt fastening with the drip tray 11 for being mounted in rack 1 and be located at 9 bottom of seal closure
It seals, is discharge outlet 12 among drip tray 11, the effect of seal closure 9 is the liquid for sealing screen drum discharge, feeds them into drip tray
Discharge.The dotted portion that 2 middle part of feed inlet is seen from Fig. 1 is the semicircle being arranged in 2 lower part of feed inlet, screw spindle bottom
Screen frame, feed inlet 2 are surrounded by a pair of of the sealing straight panel for being located at screw spindle two sides connecting with bottom drip tray, and material is from one
To entrance at the upper opening of sealing straight panel.It is also surrounded, is adopted by a pair of of the sealing straight panel for being located at screw spindle two sides at discharge port 3
It with structure straight-through up and down, discharges in following opening, opening above is used as observation sample tap, in order to discharging situation
It is observed at any time.Since discharge outlet 12 is between feed inlet 2 and discharge port 3, convenient for what is formed after handling material dewatering
Liquid (such as water) discharge.
Wherein, as shown in figure 4, screw spindle of the invention includes charging d-axis section 18, compression section 4 and discharging d-axis section
14, charging d-axis section 18 and discharging d-axis section 14 all have the constant d-axis of diameter, the both ends of compression section 4 respectively with charging d-axis
Section 18 and discharging d-axis section 14 connect, wherein the diameter of charging d-axis section 18 is less than the diameter of discharging d-axis section 14, that is, compression
Section 4 has tapered shaft, and the diameter of taper shaft end is greater than the diameter of its front end.
Wherein, discharging d-axis section 14 of the invention includes: the spiral with helical blade connecting with 4 end of compression section
Section;The optical axis section 15 for continuously expecting to fill in for forming gas-explosive material being connect with spiral section end;Wherein, spiral section has spiral
The last helical blade 13 on main shaft, and most end helical blade 13 is located at the junction of discharging d-axis section 14 and compression section 4,
Volume is compressed into minimum when marching to most end helical blade 13 so as to gas-explosive material.
To sum up, screw spindle 4 of the invention, feed end (one end corresponding with gating location) diameter of axle is small, discharges
Hold (one end corresponding with discharge port position) diameter of axle big, the screw pitch 17 of helical blade gradually subtracts from feed end to direction of discharge
It is small, feed end have one section be not variable diameter d-axis section 18 (i.e. charging d-axis section), 1-1.5 spiral shell is set in charging d-axis section 18
Vane piece 13 to be adapted to the big feeding manner of undulate quantity, and improves the charging rate of gas-explosive material, the discharge end of screw spindle
Also have one section be not variable diameter d-axis section 14 (i.e. discharging d-axis section), on the constant diameter d-axis (i.e. spiral section) of discharging d-axis section
0.25-0.7 helical blade 13 is set, does not have helical blade 13 on the rear part d-axis for the d-axis section 14 that discharges, that is, discharging d-axis
The rear portion of section is divided into optical axis section 15, fills in form area to form the material of material, the crushing strength of discharge end is improved, conducive to improving out
Expect mass dryness fraction.
Further, the present invention at 40-150mm, is equipped with the broken stick 10 that discharges, uses outside the discharge port of discharging d-axis section 14
It is crushed in by what is squeezed out through high intensity at the material of lump, falls broken material from discharge port, to discharge
Mouth will not be blocked by hard block-like material.
Wherein, when design, the axial length that screw spindle discharge end material plug of the invention forms area (i.e. optical axis section 15) is
0.4-1.6 times of 13 diameter of helical blade, the inside diameter (that is, the internal diameter for the cylinder that interior sieve plate surrounds) of screen drum 16 and discharging are straight
The difference of the diameter of shaft part 14 is less than 500mm, and 4-6 helical blade, the spiral shell of discharge end and feed end are arranged altogether on screw spindle
Revolving volume compression ratio is 1:1.7-3.15.The present invention shortens spiral master by the quantity of the helical blade on reduction screw spindle
The length of axis, and then shorten the entire length of screw extruder, rubbing between material and each section of screw extruder can be reduced
Area is wiped, to reduce frictional force, the volume compression amount in the unit time is increased, reduces the power consumption of driving device, adapt to
The characteristic of gas-explosive material fast dewatering can reach discharging mass dryness fraction requirement, so that discharging mass dryness fraction can reach 40-65%, much higher than existing
There is the discharging mass dryness fraction of technology extruder.
Wherein, 13,3 helical blade regions of last 3 helical blades on screw spindle close to discharge outlet are arrived
Spraying wear-resistant materials are distinguished on the screw spindle of discharge end and 5 surface of interior sieve plate of screen drum 16, so that Brinell hardness is greater than
HB400, it is preferred that the surface arcing of each part mentioned above sprays 3Cr13 wear-resistant material, so as to screw spindle, helical blade and sieve
The main components service life such as plate lengthens.
Screw extruder for steam-puffed plant straw and stalk material dewatering of the invention is mainly used in biomass fuel production
The material in field pre-processes, and carries out extrusion dehydration, Jing Benfa after water washing or chemical solutions processing to the material after steam explosion
After bright screw extruder dehydration, squeezes out gas-explosive material mass dryness fraction and reach 40-65%, material is extruded rubbing tearing, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation
Mortifier largely removes, and is conducive to subsequent technique processing, and stable, do not block, power consumption it is low;In addition, of the invention
Screw extruder can also be used for the extrusion dehydration of paper pulp, cotton fiber slurry of no chemicals or few chemicals thermophilic digestion etc., out
Expect that mass dryness fraction is much higher than presently used various extruders, and dry and hard will not block, stable, significant effect.
In conclusion compared with prior art, the screw extruder for steam-puffed plant straw and stalk material dewatering of the invention
It has the advantages that
1, screw extruder of the invention is used to since gas-explosive material dehydration resistance is small, take off gas-explosive material extrusion dehydration
Water speed rate is fast, therefore screw extruder of the invention eliminates the pre-dehydration part of conventional extruder, reduces helical blade quantity, contracting
The length of short screw extruder reduces the friction area between material and body, reduces frictional force, increases the body in the unit time
Product decrement, reduces power consumption, adapts to the characteristic of gas-explosive material fast dewatering, reaches discharging mass dryness fraction requirement;
2, screw extruder of the invention reduces the length of high-intensitive crush zone, when reducing the extruding of material high intensity
Frictional force between body, it is ensured that material fast dewatering, and reduce power consumption;
3, screw extruder of the invention, the d-axis of one section of not variable diameter is arranged in screw spindle variable diameter to maximum, so that vapour
Explosive material compression volume is to minimum, crushing strength highest, after frictional force is maximum, and material enters the optical axis section of no helical blade,
Since on-bladed pushes, so that material is formed continuously the area Liao Sai in optical axis section, squeezed into before material releases by subsequent, it can be true
It protects material and continues dehydration to requiring mass dryness fraction, thus make the mass dryness fraction of the gas-explosive material squeezed out can reach 40-65%, and stable,
It does not block, power consumption is low;
4, screw extruder of the invention rationally designs the axial length of optical axis section and the diameter of main shaft and cylinder-shaped screen drum
The ratio between, to be formed continuously the intensity area Liao Sai appropriate, friction area can be reduced, and discharging mass dryness fraction requirement can be stably reached;
5, the volume compression ratio of screw extruder of the invention, screw spindle discharge end and feed end is 1:1.7-3.15,
To be adapted to feed the variation range of different mass dryness fractions.
Although the present invention has been described above with particularity, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, those skilled in the art can
It is modified with principle according to the present invention, therefore, the various modifications that all principles according to the invention carry out all should be understood as
Fall into protection scope of the present invention.