For the screw extruder of gas-explosive material dehydration
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of straw comprehensive utilization production biomass fuel, and in particular to one kind is used for vapour
The screw extruder of explosive material dehydration.
Background technology
Screw extruder is a kind of mechanical presses dehydration device, and material is by the helical blade of varying pitch and the spiral of reducing
Axle, progressively compressed material system volume, system is discharged by the medium with mobility therein by screen cloth, realizes solid-liquid point
From to improve material mass dryness fraction.
The institutional framework form and physical characteristic of various materials have the difference of essence, in screw extrusion dehydration,
The water separation capability and dehydration mechanism of performance are also entirely different.
By the paper making pulp of chemicals high-temperature process, the solids portion of compositional system, macrostructure has destroyed (dimension
The lignin dissolution or destruction of material structure intensity are held, the macrostructure of plant has been caved in), there is profit and rise in fibrous absorbent, squeeze
Preferably, the plasticity profile after extruding is difficult bounce-back to plasticity after pressure, and voluminal resilience amount is small, and pipette is returned to extrusion liquid after voluminal resilience
It is small, it is easier extrusion dehydration;Major part screw extruder is directed to this kind of material design at present.
During steam explosion is spurted, due to the moisture instant vaporization expansion inside plant structure, under steam power tear, plant
Thing structural strength has been destroyed;After material after steam explosion is processed through water washing or chemical solutions, wherein hemicellulose fraction,
Water-soluble substances, including some small-molecular-weight lignin, separated dissolution;Substantially filiform state, structural porous are loose;
Can not be entered due to wherein cellulose crystallite part moisture again, the heterogeneous microstructure in these regions of material change after steam explosion compared with
It is small, most of microfibre profit that do not absorb water is risen, so, the material water imbibition after steam explosion is strong, mainly free water, but dehydration
Resistance is small, and filamentary material easily winds in dehydration, easily causes local mistake be dehydrated, form local excessively stiff material block, enters one
Step blocks extruder, it is impossible to run;Cotton fiber slurry (crystalline fibers cellulose content is high), without chemicals or few chemicals thermophilic digestion
Paper pulp also there is similar characteristic.
In the prior art, straw gas-explosive material is dehydrated using the screw extruder of paper industry traditional design,
Often cannot normally run, otherwise the dry and hard blocking press master that discharges, otherwise discharge concentration is too low, it is impossible to the mass dryness fraction more than 20%.
Therefore, in the technical field of straw comprehensive utilization production biomass fuel, it is badly in need of a kind of for gas-explosive material
The screw extruder of dehydration, had both adapted to the big feeding manner of undulate quantity, and extrusion gas-explosive material mass dryness fraction can reach 40-65% again,
And it is stable, do not block, power consumption it is low.And up to now, this field is not applied to the spiral shell of gas-explosive material dehydration still
Rotation extruder.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly to solve the above problems, there is provided a kind of screw extrusion for gas-explosive material dehydration
Machine, its simple structure can meet the gas-explosive material dehydration requirement of straw comprehensive utilization production biomass fuel technical field,
It is adapted to the big feeding manner of undulate quantity, extrusion gas-explosive material mass dryness fraction reaches 40-65%, and stable, does not block, power disappears
Consumption is low.
To realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the screw extruder for gas-explosive material dehydration of the invention includes:Frame;
In frame and with respect to the screw spindle of gantry rotation;Drive the drive device of screw spindle rotation;In frame and
It is located at the screen drum outside screw spindle;In frame and it is located at the seal closure outside screen drum;It is arranged on entering for frame two ends
Material mouth and discharging opening;Wherein, the screw spindle includes:The charging for improving gas-explosive material below the charging aperture
The charging d-axis section of speed;The compression section for Fast Compression gas-explosive material being connected with charging d-axis section end;With compression section
End connection for making gas-explosive material volume be compressed into discharging d-axis section that is minimum and forming continuous material plug, one part
In the top of the discharging opening;Wherein, the charging d-axis section, compression section, helical blade on discharging d-axis section pitch by
It is decrescence small.
Preferably, the compression section has tapered shaft, the diameter with diameter greater than its front end of its end.
Preferably, the discharging d-axis section has the constant d-axis of diameter, including:The spiral shell being connected with the compression section end
Rotation section;Be connected with spiral section end for making the gas-explosive material form the light shaft part of continuous material plug;Wherein, the spiral section
With the most end helical blade on the screw spindle.
Preferably, the most end helical blade is located at the junction of the discharging d-axis section and the compression section, for inciting somebody to action
Get into the volume compression of the gas-explosive material of most end helical blade to minimum.
Further, also include:Be arranged on it is described discharging d-axis section light shaft part on for will extrude the steam explosion
The broken rod of discharging crushed into lump material in material.
Preferably, the charging d-axis section has the constant d-axis of diameter, and its diameter is straight less than the discharging d-axis section
Footpath.
Preferably, the charging d-axis section sets 1-1.5 helical blade, to improve the charging rate of gas-explosive material.
Preferably, the axial length of the smooth shaft part is 0.4-1.6 times of the helical blade diameter, high-strength to reduce
Spend the length of crush zone.
Preferably, the difference of the diameter of the diameter of the screen drum and the discharging d-axis section is less than 500mm, to improve discharging
Mass dryness fraction.
Preferably, the volume compression of the helical blade at the discharge end of the screw spindle and the helical blade at feed end
It is 1 than scope:1.7-3.15.
Preferably, on the screw spindle where at least 3 helical blades, 3 helical blades of discharge outlet
Screw spindle and the screen drum interior floor lever of sieve tray spraying wear-resistant materials, so as to make Brinell hardness be more than HB400.
Compared with prior art, the screw extruder for gas-explosive material dehydration of the invention has the following advantages that:
1st, screw extruder of the invention is used for gas-explosive material extrusion dehydration, because gas-explosive material dehydration resistance is small, takes off
Water speed rate is fast, therefore screw extruder of the invention eliminates the predrainage part of conventional extruder, reduces helical blade quantity, contracting
The length of short screw extruder, reduces the friction area between material and body, reduces frictional force, increases the body in the unit interval
Product decrement, reduces power consumption, adapts to the characteristic of gas-explosive material fast dewatering, reaches discharging mass dryness fraction requirement;
2nd, screw extruder of the invention, reduces the length of high intensity crush zone, when reducing the extruding of material high intensity
Frictional force between body, it is ensured that material fast dewatering, and reduce power consumption;
3rd, screw extruder of the invention, screw spindle reducing to maximum sets one section of d-axis of not reducing so that vapour
After explosive material compression volume is to minimum, crushing strength highest, frictional force maximum, and material into the light shaft part without helical blade,
Because on-bladed is promoted so that material is formed continuously Liao Sai areas in light shaft part, before material release is subsequently clamp-oned, can be true
Material is protected to continue to be dehydrated to requiring mass dryness fraction, so that the mass dryness fraction of the gas-explosive material of extrusion can reach 40-65%, and it is stable,
Do not block, power consumption is low;
4th, screw extruder of the invention, rationally designs the axial length and main shaft of light shaft part and the diameter of cylindrical shape screen drum
The ratio between, the Liao Sai area appropriate to be formed continuously intensity can reduce friction area, and discharging mass dryness fraction requirement can be stably reached again;
5th, screw extruder of the invention, screw spindle discharge end is 1 with the volume compression ratio of feed end:1.7-3.15,
The excursion of different mass dryness fractions is fed so as to be adapted to.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of the screw extruder for gas-explosive material dehydration of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the top view of screw extruder shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the right view of screw extruder shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of screw spindle of the invention;
Fig. 5 is screen frame of the invention, interior sieve plate, the assembling schematic diagram of outer sieve plate composition cylindrical shape screen drum;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram after screen frame of the invention launches;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation after interior sieve plate of the invention launches;
Fig. 8 is I magnified partial views shown in Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation after outer sieve plate of the invention launches.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of screw extruder for gas-explosive material dehydration, to meet straw comprehensive utilization production
The gas-explosive material dehydration requirement of biomass fuel technical field, adapts to the big feeding manner of undulate quantity, and make extrusion gas-explosive material
Mass dryness fraction reaches 40-65%, and stable, does not block, and power consumption is low.
In order to achieve the above object, as shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, the screw extruder bag for gas-explosive material dehydration of the invention
Include:Frame 1;The screw spindle rotated in frame 1 and relative to frame 1;Drive the drive device of screw spindle rotation;Position
In in frame 1 and the screen drum 16 that is located at outside screw spindle;In frame 1 and the seal closure 9 that is located at outside screen drum 16;If
Put the charging aperture 2 and discharging opening 3 at the two ends of frame 1;Wherein, screw spindle includes:Positioned at the lower section of charging aperture 2 for improving vapour
The charging d-axis section 18 of the charging rate of explosive material;Be connected with 18 ends of charging d-axis section for Fast Compression gas-explosive material
Compression section 4;Be connected with the end of compression section 4 for making gas-explosive material volume be compressed into minimum and form the discharging that continuous material is filled in
D-axis section 14, one part is located at the top of discharging opening 3;Wherein, in charging d-axis section 18, compression section 4, discharging d-axis section 14
The pitch of helical blade 13 is gradually reduced.
Specifically, screw extruder of the invention includes frame 1, the two ends of the screw spindle with helical blade 13 are distinguished
It is rotatably installed in frame 1 by bearing chamber 8, has rolling bearing and thrust bearing in bearing chamber 8, bearing chamber 8 is fixed on frame 1
Supporter on, one end of screw spindle is power intake, is connected with drive device, such as by shaft coupling and reductor, skin
Belt transmission system, motor connection, because the crushing strength of the screw extruder port of export is far above entrance point so that whole equipment
Major impetus load in the port of export, therefore, the present invention by drive device be arranged on screw extruder discharging opening one end.
Wherein, screw spindle of the invention is covered with columnar screen drum 16, as shown in figure 5, screen drum 16 be interior sieve plate 5,
Outer sieve plate 6 is welded on (screen frame expanded view is as shown in Figure 6), two semicircles on two semicircle screen frames 7 for strengthening gusset
Screen frame 7 is fastened by bolts and constitutes together;As shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, the thickness of slab 3-5mm of interior sieve plate 5, sieve aperture Φ 3-5mm, such as scheme
Shown in 9, the thickness of slab 12-18mm of outer sieve plate 6, sieve aperture Φ 20-30mm, the two ends of screen drum 16 are fixed by bolts to the supporting plate of frame 1
On.Seal closure 9 is covered with outside screen drum 16, is fastened with bolt with the drip tray 11 in frame 1 and positioned at the bottom of seal closure 9
Sealing, is discharge outlet 12 in the middle of drip tray 11, and the effect of seal closure 9 is the liquid for sealing screen drum discharge, feeds them into drip tray
Discharge.The dotted portion at the middle part of charging aperture 2 is seen from Fig. 1, is the semicircle set in the bottom of charging aperture 2, screw spindle bottom
Screen frame, charging aperture 2 is surrounded by a pair of sealing straight panels being connected with bottom drip tray positioned at screw spindle both sides, and material is from one
To entering at the upper opening for sealing straight panel.Also surrounded by a pair of sealing straight panels positioned at screw spindle both sides at discharging opening 3, adopted
With structure straight-through up and down, discharged at following opening, opening above is used as observation sample tap, in order to discharging situation
Observed at any time.Because discharge outlet 12 is located between charging aperture 2 and discharging opening 3, formed after being easy to process material dewatering
Liquid (such as water) is discharged.
Wherein, as shown in figure 4, screw spindle of the invention includes charging d-axis section 18, compression section 4 and discharging d-axis section
14, charging d-axis section 18 and discharging d-axis section 14 are respectively provided with the constant d-axis of diameter, the two ends of compression section 4 respectively with charging d-axis
Section 18 and discharging d-axis section 14 are connected, wherein, the diameter of the diameter less than discharging d-axis section 14 of charging d-axis section 18, i.e. compression
Section 4 has tapered shaft, the diameter with diameter greater than its front end of taper shaft end.
Wherein, discharging d-axis section 14 of the invention includes:The spiral with helical blade being connected with the end of compression section 4
Section;Be connected with spiral section end for making gas-explosive material form the light shaft part 15 of continuous material plug;Wherein, spiral section has spiral
The last helical blade 13 on main shaft, and most end helical blade 13 is located at the junction of discharging d-axis section 14 and compression section 4,
Volume is compressed into minimum when marching to most end helical blade 13 so as to gas-explosive material.
To sum up, screw spindle of the invention 4, its feed end (one end corresponding with gating location) diameter of axle is small, discharging
End (one end corresponding with discharging opening position) diameter of axle is big, and the pitch 17 of helical blade progressively subtracts from feed end to discharging extreme direction
It is small, feed end have one section be not reducing d-axis section 18 (feed d-axis section), 1-1.5 spiral shell is set in charging d-axis section 18
Vane piece 13, the feeding manner big to be adapted to undulate quantity, and improve the charging rate of gas-explosive material, the discharge end of screw spindle
Also have one section be not reducing d-axis section 14 (discharge d-axis section), on the constant footpath d-axis (i.e. spiral section) of discharging d-axis section
0.25-0.7 helical blade 13 is set, there is no helical blade 13 on the rear part d-axis of discharging d-axis section 14, i.e. discharging d-axis
The rear portion of section is divided into light shaft part 15, fills in form area so as to the material for forming material, the crushing strength of discharge end is improved, beneficial to improving out
Material mass dryness fraction.
Further, the present invention is provided with the broken rod 10 of discharging at the outer 40-150mm of discharging opening of discharging d-axis section 14, uses
Crushed in the material into lump extruded will be extruded through high intensity, make it is broken after material dropped from discharging opening, to discharge
Mouth will not be blocked by the material of lump shape.
Wherein, during design, the axial length that screw spindle discharge end material plug of the invention forms area (i.e. light shaft part 15) is
0.4-1.6 times of the diameter of helical blade 13, the inside diameter (that is, the internal diameter of the cylinder that interior sieve plate is surrounded) of screen drum 16 is straight with discharging
The difference of the diameter of shaft part 14 is less than 500mm, sets the spiral shell of 4-6 helical blade, discharge end and feed end on screw spindle altogether
Rotation volume compression ratio is 1:1.7-3.15.Quantity by reducing the helical blade on screw spindle of the invention, shortens spiral master
The length of axle, and then shorten the entire length of screw extruder, it is possible to decrease rubbing between material and each several part of screw extruder
Area is wiped, so as to reduce frictional force, the volume compression amount in the unit interval is increased, the power consumption of drive device is reduced, adapted to
The characteristic of gas-explosive material fast dewatering, can reach discharging mass dryness fraction requirement so that discharging mass dryness fraction can reach 40-65%, far above existing
There is the discharging mass dryness fraction of technology extruder.
Wherein, 13, the 3 helical blade regions of last 3 helical blades on screw spindle near discharge outlet are arrived
The screw spindle of discharge end and the surface of the interior sieve plate 5 difference spraying wear-resistant materials of screen drum 16, so that Brinell hardness is more than
HB400, it is preferred that the surface arcing spraying 3Cr13 high-abrasive materials of each part mentioned above, so as to screw spindle, helical blade and sieve
The critical piece such as plate service life is lengthened.
Screw extruder for gas-explosive material dehydration of the invention, is mainly used in the thing of biomass fuel production field
Material pretreatment, carries out extrusion dehydration, through spiral of the invention after being processed through water washing or chemical solutions the material after steam explosion
After extruder dehydration, extrusion gas-explosive material mass dryness fraction reaches 40-65%, and material is extruded rubbing tear, and enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation mortifier is big
Amount removal, is conducive to subsequent technique to process, and stable, do not block, power consumption it is low;Additionally, screw extrusion of the invention
Machine can also be used for the extrusion dehydration of paper pulp, cotton fiber slurry without chemicals or few chemicals thermophilic digestion etc., and discharging mass dryness fraction is remote
Higher than presently used various extruders, and dry and hard will not block, stable, effect is significant.
In sum, compared with prior art, the screw extruder for gas-explosive material dehydration of the invention has as follows
Advantage:
1st, screw extruder of the invention is used for gas-explosive material extrusion dehydration, because gas-explosive material dehydration resistance is small, takes off
Water speed rate is fast, therefore screw extruder of the invention eliminates the predrainage part of conventional extruder, reduces helical blade quantity, contracting
The length of short screw extruder, reduces the friction area between material and body, reduces frictional force, increases the body in the unit interval
Product decrement, reduces power consumption, adapts to the characteristic of gas-explosive material fast dewatering, reaches discharging mass dryness fraction requirement;
2nd, screw extruder of the invention, reduces the length of high intensity crush zone, when reducing the extruding of material high intensity
Frictional force between body, it is ensured that material fast dewatering, and reduce power consumption;
3rd, screw extruder of the invention, screw spindle reducing to maximum sets one section of d-axis of not reducing so that vapour
After explosive material compression volume is to minimum, crushing strength highest, frictional force maximum, and material into the light shaft part without helical blade,
Because on-bladed is promoted so that material is formed continuously Liao Sai areas in light shaft part, before material release is subsequently clamp-oned, can be true
Material is protected to continue to be dehydrated to requiring mass dryness fraction, so that the mass dryness fraction of the gas-explosive material of extrusion can reach 40-65%, and it is stable,
Do not block, power consumption is low;
4th, screw extruder of the invention, rationally designs the axial length and main shaft of light shaft part and the diameter of cylindrical shape screen drum
The ratio between, the Liao Sai area appropriate to be formed continuously intensity can reduce friction area, and discharging mass dryness fraction requirement can be stably reached again;
5th, screw extruder of the invention, screw spindle discharge end is 1 with the volume compression ratio of feed end:1.7-3.15,
The excursion of different mass dryness fractions is fed so as to be adapted to.
Although the present invention has been described above with particularity, but the invention is not restricted to this, those skilled in the art can
Modified with principle of the invention, therefore, all various modifications carried out according to principle of the invention all should be understood to
Fall into protection scope of the present invention.