CN106671443B - 用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的方法,成形及注塑工具及其获得的开孔围框 - Google Patents

用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的方法,成形及注塑工具及其获得的开孔围框 Download PDF

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CN106671443B
CN106671443B CN201610976050.2A CN201610976050A CN106671443B CN 106671443 B CN106671443 B CN 106671443B CN 201610976050 A CN201610976050 A CN 201610976050A CN 106671443 B CN106671443 B CN 106671443B
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inner mould
mould
membrane
aperture
frame
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阿尔塞 大卫·阿方索·塞雷佐
佩雷斯 梅拉尼娅·桑切斯
卡萨诺瓦 阿尔瓦罗·卡莱罗
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    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
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    • B29C70/345Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using matched moulds
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    • B29C70/34Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B29C70/342Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:提供管状编织材料(2),所述管状编织材料的周长等于待制造的开孔围框的周长;切割所述管状编织材料(2)以获得环形编织材料片(3);提供环形内模具(4),其中所述内模具(4)包括具有用于所述开孔围框的所期望的形状的表面;将至少一个所述编织材料片(3)围绕所述内模具(4)层叠;使围绕所述内模具的至少一个编织材料片(3)成形;以及固化所述开孔围框预成型件。本发明还涉及一种用于飞机机身的开孔围框(1),其为通过成形至少一个环形编织材料片(3)而获得的连续体,所述环形编织材料片的周长等于所期望的开孔围框的周长。

Description

用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的方法,成形及注塑工具及其 获得的开孔围框
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框(aperture surrounding frame)的方法以及飞机机身的开孔围框。开孔围框通常包括用于飞机的窗框或门框。此外,本发明涉及一种用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的成形和注塑工具。
背景技术
历史上,大型客机的结构元件通常由金属制成。对于这种飞机,机身壳通常由高强度铝合金或类似金属制成。
然而,多年来,用于航空的材料已经发生相当大的演变,以便能够增加它们的抵抗力,同时减少它们的重量。为此目的,大多数飞机制造商正在转向纤维增强(fiber-reinforced)树脂材料,即具有相对高的强度重量比(strength-to-weight ratio)的复合材料。
因此,如今,机身通常由复合材料制成,并且尽管其硬度高,但是它必须在机身以某种方式被改变或中断的那些区域被加强。在机翼,VTP或HTP被组装到机身的附接区域处特别需要这种加强。此外,在为飞机设置用于窗和门的孔处需要加强。
目前,在不同类型的飞机上可以发现不同的复合结构,其均具有相同的加强尾部通道门的开孔的壳的目的,但所有这些方案至少暗示:
通过复合横梁加强门周围的下部机身,
通过钛板加强切口角隅(cut-out corner),
将桁条脚(stringers feet)连接到外梁法兰,以及
将接合元件放置在梁和框架之间的交叉处。
图1显示了这些方案的其中一种。在该方案中,门孔通过一次性RTM(Res inTransferMolded,树脂传递模制)框架12被加强,该框架12包括梁,框以及交叉处的接合元件。图示的框架12被配置成围绕切口并朝向封闭区域延伸,以与相邻的梁和框架整合。如图所示,这种框架是很难制造的部件,需要太多的时间和成本。
图2示出了另一种方案,其中门框架元件是非整合部件,因为复合框架13被附接到连续的金属梁14。该方案装配困难,并且需要大量的辅助件,增加了组装的时间和成本。
关于窗框,目前也有许多不同的方案。一种方案包括将不同的预制件(冲压层)组合在一起,这些预制件由通过纤维缠绕制造的极性修补加强的非卷曲织物(NCF)制成,而另一种方案基于由定制纤维放置(TFP)制成的图案。
然而,这些目前已知的用于加强窗孔的方案是不令人满意的。NFC方案不提供受控的纤维取向,而TFP解决方案昂贵且耗时。
因此,已经在航空工业中发现,需要一种用于制造开孔围框的方法以及用于飞机机身的开孔的加强围框,其能够简化和减少获得该开孔加强围框通常所需的时间。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种用于制造壳板开孔加强框架的方法克服了上述缺点,该方法简化了这些围框(例如窗框或门框)的制造,减少了与该制造相关的时间和成本。此外,本发明提供了一种简单且经济的围绕壳板开孔的加强件,其可以容易地被组装到机身。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于制造开孔围框的方法,相比于传统方法,其可以获得更高的生产率。
本发明的另一个目的是简化该制造方法,同时降低制造相关的成本。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种开孔围框,其被制成为连续的单个整体,整合了其所有部件,使得诸如框架的组装时间和成本最小化。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的成形和注塑工具,其允许使用相同的模具成形和注塑,以避免在成形后复杂的预成型件脱模。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的方法,其中首先提供管状编织材料,其周长等于待制造的开孔围框的周长。然后,横向切割该管状编织材料以获得至少一个环形编织材料片(annular-shaped braiding slice)。接下来,提供环形内模具,其中所述内模具包括具有该开孔围框的所期望的形状的表面。然后,至少一个编织材料片绕该内模具层叠。随后,围绕该内模具的至少一个编织材料片被热成形,以获得开孔围框预成型件,并且最后,固化该开孔围框预成型件,以获得固化的复合的开孔围框。
通过提供周长等于待制造的该开孔围框周长的管状编织材料,本发明提供了一种具有连续周长的框架,其被形成为单个且整体的主体。这样,本发明简化了该制造方法,避免了连接多个部件以形成框架的过程。此外,由于该框架沿其轮廓没有中断,因此本发明确保沿着框架的整个轮廓的相同的强度和特性。
此外,本发明允许通过仅改变管状编织材料的尺寸而容易地使该方法适用于制造不同的开孔围框。因此,本发明额外提供了一种多功用解决方案,因为该制造方法可以通过仅仅改变管状编织材料的周长而用于制造门框或窗框。
一旦管状编织材料被提供,本发明考虑横向切割该管状编织材料以获得至少一个环形编织材料片。每个材料片具有连续的单个编织材料体,因此,如所提及的,本发明确保沿着框架的周长的连续性,并且避免了与连接部件相关的弱点和其它缺点。
此外,在该步骤中,本发明通过仅仅修改编织材料片的尺寸而允许获得具有可变高度的周界的框架。
对于成形,本发明提供了一种环形内模具,其包括具有用于开孔围框的所期望的形状的表面。因此,围绕该内模具层叠至少一个编织材料片,所述至少一个编织片可以被热成形以获得开孔围框预成型件。
最后,固化该开孔围框预成型件,以获得固化的复合的开孔围框。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种用于飞机机身的开孔围框,其通过成形并固化由至少一个环形编织材料片形成的开孔围框预制件而获得,其中该编织材料片的周长等于该开孔围框的周长。
该开孔围框通过一种简化的制造方法获得,该方法同时允许降低其制造所需的时间和成本。
优选地,该开孔围框是窗框,或者可替换地为门框。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的成形工具,其中所述成形工具包括内模具,膜,以及下端部(lower top)和上端部(upper top)。该内模具具有环形形状,并且包括外表面,该外表面具有位于上部和下部之间的中心部,该中心部突出于该上部和下部。并且,下端部和上端部的直径大于该内模具的直径。
最后,本发明的另一方面涉及一种用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的注塑工具,其中所述注塑工具包括内模具,外模具,阳板和阴板。该内模具具有环形形状,并且包括外表面,该外表面具有位于上部和下部之间的中心部,该中心部突出于该上部和该下部。该外模具被配置为至少在外部包围该内模具。该阳板被配置成支撑该内模具。并且,该阴板被配置成接收该外模具并与阳板匹配,以形成封闭的注塑工具,所述注塑工具适合于接收树脂,用于执行树脂浸渍工艺。
因为允许使用相同的内模具用于成形和注塑,所以这些成形注塑工具是多功用工具,从而避免造成涉及开孔围框预成型件脱模的缺陷。如果在制造过程中使用这些成形注塑工具,则不再需要在成形之后进行预成型件脱模。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明,提供以下附图用于说明性和非限制性目的,其中:
图1示出了对应于现有技术一个实施例的窗框构造。
图2示出了对应于现有技术另一个实施例的另一个窗框构造。
图3示出了一卷管状编织材料。在该图中,还示出了用于获得环形编织材料片的切割线。
图4示意性地示出了环形编织材料片、用于成形的环形内模具和围绕该内模具层叠的编织材料片的图像。
图5示意性地示出了对应于热成形步骤的图像。图5a示出了围绕内模具层叠的编织材料片,其中上端部和下端部布置在该内模具的上方和下方。图5b示出了从上端部向下端部延伸的膜。图5c示出了一旦在膜内部施加热和真空之后的结果。
图6示出了包围围绕内模具层叠的至少一个编织材料片的膜组件的不同视图,所述膜组件包括膜,上端部和下端部。图6a为透视图。图6b为平面图。
图7示出了根据本发明的一个优选实施例的一种开孔围框预成型件。
图8示出了用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的注塑工具的分解图,以及完全组装的注塑工具的视图。
具体实施方式
图3示出了一个编织材料卷2。根据本发明,该编织材料卷的周长等于待制造的开孔围框的周长。因此,该框架将不具有可影响其一致性的不连续性。
然后,沿着图3所示的切割线横向切割编织材料卷2,以获得编织材料片3。由于编织材料2的管状条件,每个编织材料片3具有环形形状。如上所述,该环形形状为潜在的开孔围框提供连续性和均匀性,同时通过避免接合区域的薄弱化来增强其强度。
一旦得到环形编织材料片3,将所述材料片3围绕内模具4层叠。图4示出了编织材料片3,内模具4和围绕内模具4层叠的编织材料片3。
该层叠步骤可以是涉及一个编织材料片3。然而,为了获得叠层,该层叠步骤通常将涉及不止一个编织材料片3,它们将同轴地设置在内模具4周围。
内模具4包括具有用于开孔围框的所期望的形状的表面5。优选地,该表面是内模具4的外表面5,其具有相对于上部10和下部11突出的中心部9。
优选地,内模具4还设置有辅助板15,辅助板15被配置成由环形内模具4接收,以完全完成内模具4的内部空间。
在层叠步骤之后,环形编织材料片3被热成形,以获得开孔围框预成型件。
根据优选实施例,围绕内模具4的至少一个编织材料片3被成形包括以下步骤:通过膜组件包围围绕内模具4层叠的至少一个编织材料片3,在膜组件内部施加热和真空以适形于(conform)该开孔围框预成型件,以及移除该膜组件。
优选地,膜组件包括膜8,以及用于覆盖内模具4的下端部6和上端部7。下端部6和上端部7的直径大于内模具4的直径,从而突出于围绕内模具4层叠的编织材料片3。这样,膜8容易被定位。
一旦膜组件被提供,下端部6设置在内模具4的下方,上端部7设置在内模具4的上方。图5a示出了围绕内模具4层叠的编织材料片3,其中下端部6和上端部7设置在两侧。
然后,如图5b所示,膜8被设置在其中一个端部上,并延伸到另一端部的至少内表面上,以便完全覆盖该至少一个编织材料片3。在图5b的情况下,膜8被设置在上端部7上,延伸到下端部6的内表面上。
之后,膜8被固定到下端部6以确保其定位。然后,在膜8内部施加热和真空,以适形于该开孔围框预成型件,如图5c所示。
优选地,膜8具有帽形轮廓,包括升高的中心部分、两个腹板和侧凸缘。该中心部分的直径大于端部6,7之中一个端部的直径,以覆盖它们中的一个。腹板具有沿着内模具4的外轮廓延伸的长度,所述外轮廓具有该开孔围框的所期望的形状。侧凸缘相对于腹板为正交,以允许将膜固定到下端部6的内表面以固定其位置。通过这种形状,该膜容易被定位在内模具4上,并且也有利于将其固定到另一端部上。
图6a示出了包围围绕内模具4层叠的至少一个编织材料片3的膜组件的更详细的透视图,其中所述膜组件包括膜8,上端部7和下端部6。图6b示出了与图6a的膜组件对应的平面图。
优选地,内模具4具有包括中心区域和两个末端区域的椭圆形构造,并且通过膜组件包围至少一个编织材料片3的步骤还包括在内模具4的末端区域处提供辅助件,以减小到在这些末端区域处的端部6,7的距离,以确保从这些末端到内模具4的中心区域的层适应性。这样,本发明确保了从末端到内模具的直线区域提高的正确的层适应性,以避免产生折皱的外观。此外,在现有技术中,由于角隅的几何形状演变而在凸缘上发生某些纤维变形,与现有技术相反,根据本发明所提出的方法,纤维取向能够在开孔围框预成型件的网板上被完全保持。
一旦开孔围框预成型件在成形期间被获得,该开孔围框预成型件被固化,从而获得固化的复合的开孔围框。
优选地,编织材料包括干燥碳纤维编织物,并且固化步骤包括提供上部外模具17,阳板16和阴板18,将阳板16布置在内模具4下方,并且外模具17和阴板18位于内模具4上,以形成封闭的注塑工具19,并且通过树脂浸渍工艺在封闭的注塑工具19内浸渍干纤维。外模具17被配置成至少在外部包围内模具4,以环抱围绕内模具4层叠的开孔围框预成型件1。阳板16被配置成支撑内模具4。并且阴板18被配置为接收外模具17并与阳板16匹配。
根据优选的实施方案,通过树脂传递模制(RTM)方法进行浸渍干纤维。
图7示出了用于飞机机身的开孔围框1,该开孔围框1通过成形及固化由至少一个环形编织材料片3形成的开孔围框预成型件而获得,所述编织材料片3的周长等于开孔围框1的周长。
优选地,开孔围框1将是窗框,以及可替换地为门框。
本发明通过提供其周长近似于待制造的开孔围框的周长的管状编织材料来提供一种简化且更有效的制造方法。该管状编织材料只需要被切割以获得环形编织材料片,该环形编织材料片将被用于与该开孔围框适形。这样,本发明使得能够相对于现有技术更快地获得开孔围框,特别是相对于常规TFP或NFC。
此外,该编织材料允许提供封闭和均匀的结构,简化制造并且提供一种在强度和坚固性方面有改进的框架。
此外,必须注意的是,该开孔围框制造仅需要一个模具,因为成形和注塑步骤在该同一个工具上执行。通过避免脱模步骤(脱模步骤可能是乏味和耗时的),进一步简化了该制造过程。此外,因为仅需要一个模具,本发明节省了成本。
关于开孔围框并且与图1的现有技术的开孔围框(门框)相比,本发明实现了得到一种专用结构,其最小化对开孔围绕元件的影响,同时简化框架的复杂性。关于图1所示的情况,二十六个预制件加上具有不同长度和几何形状的几个粗纱(roving)可以由一个单个预制件来代替,如图7所示。
考虑到现有技术中用于窗框制造的方案,必须注意,与NCF方案相比,本发明的开孔围框允许沿着框架保持纤维取向,并且与TFP方案相比,获得本发明的开孔围框需要更少的成本和时间。
图8示出了注塑工具19并提供了所述注塑工具19的分解图。如图所示,注塑工具19优选地包括阳板16,内模具4,辅助板15,外模具17和阴板18。
内模具4和辅助板15均用于成形和注塑步骤。因此,本发明避免了开孔围框预成型件的脱模(其可能损坏预成型件),同时,简化了制造过程,并通过重复使用零件节省了时间和成本。
如上所述,内模具4具有环形形状,并且包括外表面5,该外表面具有位于上部10和下部11之间的中心部9,该中心部9突出于上部10和下部11。
阳板16被配置成支撑内模具4。外模具17被配置成至少从外部包围内模具4,以环抱围绕内模具4层叠的开孔围框预成型件1。并且阴板18被配置成接收外模具17并与阳板16匹配,以形成封闭的注塑工具19,所述注塑工具适合于接收树脂,用于执行树脂浸渍工艺。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框(1)的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:
·提供管状编织材料(2),所述管状编织材料(2)的周长等于待制造的开孔围框(1)的周长,
·横向切割所述管状编织材料(2)以获得至少一个环形编织材料片(3),
·提供环形内模具(4),所述内模具(4)包括表面(5),所述表面具有所述开孔围框(1)的所期望的形状,
·围绕所述内模具(4)层叠至少一个编织材料片(3),
·使围绕所述内模具(4)的所述至少一个编织材料片(3)成形,以获得开孔围框预成型件,以及
·固化所述开孔围框预成型件,以获得固化的复合的开孔围框(1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使围绕所述内模具(4)的所述至少一个编织材料片(3)成形包括:
·通过膜组件包围围绕所述内模具(4)层叠的所述至少一个编织材料片(3),
·在所述膜组件内部施加热和真空以适形于所述开孔围框预成型件,以及
·移除所述膜组件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中通过膜组件包围所述至少一个编织材料片(3)包括:
·提供膜(8)以及下端部(6)和上端部(7),其中所述下端部(6)的最大直径和所述上端部(7)的最大直径分别大于所述内模具(4)的直径,
·将所述下端部(6)布置在所述内模具(4)下方,将所述上端部(7)布置在所述内模具(4)上方,
·将所述膜(8)设置在其中一个端部上,并延伸到另一端部的至少内表面上,用于完全覆盖所述至少一个编织材料片(3),以及
·将所述膜(8)固定到至少其内表面被所述膜(8)覆盖的端部上,以固定所述膜(8)的位置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述内模具(4)具有椭圆形构造,包括中心区域和两个末端区域,并且其中,通过膜组件包围所述至少一个编织材料片(3)的步骤还包括在所述内模具(4)的所述末端区域处提供辅助件,以减小到这些末端区域处的所述上端部(7)和所述下端部(6)的距离,以确保从所述末端区域到所述内模具(4)的中心区域的层适应性。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法,其中所述膜(8)具有帽形轮廓,包括升高的中心部分、两个腹板和侧凸缘,其中所述中心部分的直径大于所述上端部(7)和所述下端部(6)中其中一个的直径,其中所述腹板具有沿着所述内模具(4)的所期望形状的所述表面(5)延伸的长度,并且其中,所述侧凸缘相对于所述腹板为正交,以允许将所述膜固定到所述上端部(7)和所述下端部(6)中的其中一个上,以固定所述膜的位置。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述编织材料包括干纤维,固化所述开孔围框预成型件的步骤包括:
·提供外模具(17),阳板(16)和阴板(18),所述外模具(17)被配置为至少从外部包围所述内模具(4),所述阳板(16)被配置为支撑所述内模具(4),并且所述阴板(18)被配置为接收所述外模具(17)并与所述阳板(16)匹配,
·将所述阳板(6)设置在所述内模具(4)下方,并且将所述外模具(17)和所述阴板(18)设置在所述内模具(4)上方,以形成封闭的注塑工具(19),以及
·通过树脂浸渍工艺将所述干纤维浸渍在所述封闭的注塑工具(19)内。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中浸渍所述干纤维通过树脂传递模制RTM工艺进行。
8.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中,层叠所述编织材料片(3)是围绕所述内模具(4)同轴地执行。
9.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述内模具(4)具有外表面(5),所述外表面具有相对于上部(10)和下部(11)突出的中心部(9),以提供所述开孔围框(1)的所期望的形状。
10.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述编织材料包括干碳纤维编织物。
11.一种用于飞机机身的开孔围框(1),所述开孔围框(1)通过成形和固化由至少一个环形编织材料片(3)形成的开孔围框预成型件而获得,所述编织材料片(3)的周长等于所述开孔围框(1)的周长。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用于飞机机身的开孔围框(1),其中所述开孔围框(1)是窗框或门框。
13.一种用于制造根据权利要求11或12所述的用于飞机机身的开孔围框(1)的成形工具,其特征在于,所述成形工具包括:
·具有环形形状的内模具(1),所述内模具包括外表面(5),所述外表面具有定位在上部(10)和下部(11)之间的中心部(9),所述中心部(9)突出于所述上部(10)和所述下部(11),
·膜(8),以及下端部(6)和上端部(7),其中所述下端部(6)的最大直径和所述上端部(7)的最大直径分别大于所述内模具(4)的直径。
14.根据权利要求13所述的成形工具,其中所述膜(8)具有帽形轮廓,包括升高的中心部分,两个腹板和侧凸缘,其中所述中心部分的直径大于所述下端部(6)和所述上端部(7)中其中一个的直径,其中所述腹板具有沿着所述内模具(4)的所期望的形状的所述外表面(5)延伸的长度,并且其中所述侧凸缘相对于所述腹板为正交,以允许将所述膜固定到所述下端部(6)和所述上端部(7)中其中一个,从而固定所述膜的位置。
15.一种用于制造根据权利要求11或12所述的用于飞机机身的开孔围框(1)的注塑工具(19),其特征在于,所述注塑工具包括:
·具有环形形状的内模具(4),所述内模具包括外表面(5),所述外表面具有定位在上部(10)和下部(11)之间的中心部(9),所述中心部(9)突出于所述上部(10)和所述下部(11),
·外模具(17),阳板(16)和阴板(18),所述外模具(17)被配置成至少从外部包围所述内模具(4),所述阳板(16)被配置为支撑所述内模具(4),并且所述阴板(18)被配置为接收所述外模具(17)并与所述阳板(16)匹配以形成封闭的注塑工具(19),所述封闭的注塑工具(19)适合于接收树脂,执行进行树脂浸渍工艺。
CN201610976050.2A 2015-11-05 2016-11-07 用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的方法,成形及注塑工具及其获得的开孔围框 Active CN106671443B (zh)

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