CN106665801B - 一种可延长鸽子蛋贮藏期的处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可延长鸽子蛋贮藏期的处理方法,将新鲜鸽子蛋置于滑动弧放电设备喷出腔下方1~5cm处,输入频率为10~1000kHz、电压为1000~3000V的交流电源,调节放电气体流量为1~100L/min,在由气体电离形成的等离子体羽辉下处理2~30s;所述放电气体选用空气、氧气、氮气、氩气或它们的混合气体,其中包含但不仅限于具有硅氧基团的可挥发有机物。利用滑动弧放电技术对新鲜鸽子蛋表面进行处理,并通过品质检测得出最佳的处理时间、放电功率、气体流量,有效的减少了鸽子蛋表面的有害微生物的菌落总数,从而降低腐烂率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品保鲜领域,具体涉及延长鸽子蛋贮藏期的处理方法。
背景技术
鸽子蛋被誉为动物之人参,营养丰富,含有几种氨基酸和人体必需的8种各类维生素,是高蛋白低脂肪的珍品,是我国一项重要的农产品。鸽子蛋能够增强人体的免疫和造血功能,对手术后的伤口愈合,产妇产后的恢复和调理,儿童的发育成长更具功效,是老少皆宜的药膳。但鸽子蛋表面携带的大量微生物容易引起腐败变质,从而危害人体健康。
目前市面上常用的鸽子蛋保鲜方法虽具有一定效果,但均有一定缺陷。如清洗会破坏鸽子蛋外壳膜,微生物更易侵入蛋壳内部,且化学消毒剂容易造成化学污染。此外,鸽子蛋外壳特别薄,清洗过程中极易破碎;涂膜剂本身也是一种食品添加剂,可能会通过蛋壳气孔污染蛋内部;热处理容易使鸽子蛋营养成分和风味发生变化或流失。
发明内容
本发明的目的是基于鸽子蛋在夏季易于腐烂且外壳较薄不容易采用其他灭菌方法的问题,提供一种可延长鸽子蛋贮藏期的处理方法。利用滑动弧放电技术,不仅可以降低鸽子蛋表面有害微生物的菌落总数,降低腐烂率,还能提高鸽子蛋的品质,储藏期延长效果明显且成本低廉,利于工业化应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下方法:
一种可延长鸽子蛋贮藏期的处理方法,具体步骤如下:
将新鲜鸽子蛋置于滑动弧放电设备喷出腔下方1~5cm处,输入频率为10~1000kHz、电压为1000~3000V的交流电源,调节放电气体流量为1~100L/min,在由气体电离形成的等离子体羽辉下处理时间为2~30s。
所述放电气体选用空气、氧气、氮气、氩气或它们的混合气体,包含但不仅限于具有硅氧基团的可挥发有机物,所述硅氧类有机物的含量为1~10ml/min。
进一步地,所述鸽子蛋与大气弧光放电设备喷出腔的距离优选为2.5~3cm。
进一步地,所述放电气体流量优选为20~50L/min。
进一步地,所述鸽子蛋的处理时间优选为5~15s。
对经本发明方法处理后的鸽子蛋进行检测,并与臭氧杀菌和涂膜处理技术比较,得出保鲜效果最优的处理方式。
本发明利用滑动弧放电技术对新鲜鸽子蛋进行处理,并通过检测得出最佳的处理时间、放电功率、放电气体流量,有效的减少了鸽子蛋表面的有害微生物的菌落总数,从而降低腐烂率。大气放电产生的等离子体中含有电子、离子、自由基等,还含有一部分的Si-O离子,有利于在鸽子蛋表面沉积一层较薄的氧化硅层,在杀菌的同时还能阻止鸽子蛋表面气孔的扩大,有利于降低水的损耗,延长贮藏期。
具体实施方式:
下面通过具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
一、购买同一批鸽子蛋,共220枚,随机分为11组,每组20枚,统一称重,分别按下表1不同方式进行处理:
表1 鸽子蛋处理分组情况
具体处理方式如下:
实施例一:
将第1-8组的鸽子蛋,置于滑动弧放电设备下方1-5cm处,调节放电气体流量为20-50L/min,控制电源频率为10~1000kHz、电压为1000~3000V,放电气体选用空气,其中包含但不仅限于具有硅氧基团的可挥发有机物,硅氧类有机物的含量为1~10ml/min。按表1所述时间分别处理后,各组鸽子蛋用保鲜膜包好置于温度30℃、湿度55%的恒温恒湿箱存放,供定期检测。
所述滑动弧放电装置通过商业途径购得,型号为PG-1000ZD、PTS-2000、PTS-3000等,所用的电极材料为铝制、不锈钢、铜等,陶瓷反应腔选用石英、玻璃。鸽子蛋的传送装置需要保证鸽子蛋360°旋转至少一周,硅氧基团的可挥发有机物可以是八甲基硅氧烷,四甲基硅氧等有机类化合物。
实施例二:
第9组为臭氧水洗组,将鸽子蛋置于臭氧发生器作用20min的臭氧水中清洗表面脏物,室温下在无菌环境中自然晾干后用保鲜膜包好置于温度30℃、湿度55%的恒温恒湿箱存放,供定期检测。
实施例三:
将第10组的鸽子蛋用蘸有白油的纸巾逐个擦拭表面,再置于温度30℃、湿度55%的恒温恒湿箱存放,供定期检测。
实施例四:
将第11组的鸽子蛋置于滑动弧放电设备低功率下处理15s后,用蘸有白油的纸巾逐个擦拭表面。鸽子蛋置于温度30℃、湿度55%的恒温恒湿箱存放,供定期检测。
对上述处理后的11组鸽子蛋进行检测:
①腐败率的测定
鸽子蛋贮藏期间定期检查外观,将其置于照蛋器光源处,观察鸽子蛋内部是否有霉斑或者变黑的迹象,将腐败蛋剔除出去,并将此现象记录下来。
鸽子蛋贮藏期间,对第8天和第20天的腐败情况分别进行统计,随着贮藏时间的延长,鸽子蛋中合格蛋数逐渐减少,即腐败率逐渐增大。贮藏至20天时,第6-10组的鸽子蛋腐败率增高,其中第9组经臭氧杀菌处理过的鸽子蛋腐败数量最多。只经过等离子体处理的第1-8组,几乎没有腐败蛋,该处理对于鸽子蛋品质及保鲜效果有很大的作用。
②失重率的测定
鸽子蛋贮藏期间每天对其称重,计算失重率,直到出现腐败蛋为止。具体测定方法如下:将贮藏前的蛋品置于精度为0.001 g的分析天平称量原始重量,记为W 0 ;贮藏期间的蛋品用同样方法称其重量,记为W,则蛋品失重率用如下公式表示:
经照蛋器检验发现从第8天开始有腐败蛋出现,因此将前7天的失重率进行统计分析,随着贮藏时间的延长,鸡蛋失重率逐渐增大。比较可知,鸽子蛋失重率最大的是只经过臭氧杀菌的第9组,其次为只经过等离子体处理的1-8组,最小的为涂膜的。
③感官情况评定
鸽子蛋贮藏一段时间之后从各组随机选取两枚放入同一个容器内水煮相同时间(20min)至变熟,剥壳后逐一观察记录其色泽、气味。
各组样品经水煮剥壳后观察,其感官情况如下表2所示:
表2 鸽子蛋感官情况评定
由上述测试结果可知,滑动弧放电处理组的鸽子蛋失重率虽然不是最低的但腐败率最低,其对鸽子蛋品质的保证有很大的作用。涂膜处理虽然可以显著减缓失重率变化,但对于延缓鸽子蛋腐败变质没有滑动弧放电处理作用明显。综上所述,鸽子蛋保鲜最好的处理方式是经过2~30s范围内的滑动弧放电处理,可延长鸽子蛋贮藏期至90天;其中5~15s的处理效果更佳。其他处理方式不但品质不好,且蛋黄蛋白分离严重,这可从靠黄程度来判定。
二、购买同一批鸽子蛋,共200枚,随机分为10组,每组20枚,统一称重,分别进行下述处理。
实施例五:
将第1-8组的鸽子蛋,置于滑动弧放电设备下方,距离分别设为0.5cm、1cm、2cm、2.5cm、3cm、4cm、5cm、6cm,调节放电气体流量为1-100L/min,控制电源频率为10~1000kHz、电压为1000~3000V,放电气体选用空气、氧气、氮气、氩气,其中包含具有硅氧基团的可挥发有机物,硅氧类有机物的含量为1~10ml/min。分别处理5s后,各组鸽子蛋用保鲜膜包好置于温度30℃、湿度55%的恒温恒湿箱存放,采用相同的方式定期检测。
经检测可知,鸽子蛋距离滑动弧放电设备喷出腔的最佳处理距离为1~5cm,优选为2.5~3cm。
实施例六:
将第9组的鸽子蛋置于滑动弧放电设备下方3cm,调节放电气体流量为1-50L/min,控制电源频率为10~1000kHz、电压为1000~3000V。放电气体选用空气、氧气、氮气和氩气的混合气体,其中包含具有硅氧基团的可挥发有机物,硅氧类有机物的含量为1~10ml/min。分别处理5s后,各组鸽子蛋置于温度30℃、湿度55%的恒温恒湿箱存放,采用相同的方式定期检测。
将第10组的鸽子蛋采用与第9组鸽子蛋相同的处理方式,不同点在于,通入的放电气体中不含有硅氧基团的可挥发有机物,进行对比测试。
经测试,第9组鸽子蛋的贮藏期要长于第10组,由于通入具有硅氧基团的可挥发有机物,在鸽子蛋表面沉积一层较薄的氧化硅层,在杀菌的同时阻止了鸽子蛋表面气孔的扩大,降低了水的损耗,延长了贮藏期。
Claims (2)
1.一种可延长鸽子蛋贮藏期的处理方法,其特征在于:将新鲜鸽子蛋置于滑动弧放电设备喷出腔下方2.5~3cm处,控制频率为10~1000kHz、电压为1000~3000V的交流电源,调节放电气体流量为1~100L/min,在由气体电离形成的等离子体羽辉下处理5~15s;所述鸽子蛋在传送中需要保证鸽子蛋360°旋转至少一周;所述放电气体选用空气、氧气、氮气、氩气或它们的混合气体,其中包含含量为1~10ml/min具有硅氧基团的可挥发有机物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可延长鸽子蛋贮藏期的处理方法,其特征在于:所述放电气体流量为20~50L/min。
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Application publication date: 20170517 Assignee: Beijing Guoxuan Youpin International Cold Chain Logistics Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: BEIJING University OF AGRICULTURE Contract record no.: X2023110000011 Denomination of invention: A processing method that can prolong the storage period of pigeon eggs Granted publication date: 20210112 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20230129 |