CN106660447B - 混合驱动系统 - Google Patents

混合驱动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106660447B
CN106660447B CN201580043906.4A CN201580043906A CN106660447B CN 106660447 B CN106660447 B CN 106660447B CN 201580043906 A CN201580043906 A CN 201580043906A CN 106660447 B CN106660447 B CN 106660447B
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internal combustion
combustion engine
round
generator
motor
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CN106660447A (zh
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H·格洛纳
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/448—Electrical distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/354—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having separate mechanical assemblies for transmitting drive to the front or to the rear wheels or set of wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/2035—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with two engaging means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的驱动系统，该驱动系统具有内燃机驱动的和电动机驱动的第一轮对、电动机驱动的第二轮对、与第一轮对耦联的内燃机、能作为电动机运行的发电机以及电动机，该发电机与内燃机和第一轮对耦联，该电动机与第二轮对耦联并且设置成用于将由发电机产生的电能转换成机械能，其中，设有行星齿轮传动装置，内燃机通过该行星齿轮传动装置与发电机和第一轮对耦联。

Description

混合驱动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的驱动系统。
背景技术
在市场上的电动车辆的特征在于，所述电动车辆通过电池电量仅能形成小的续航里程。因此越来越多地提供具有增程器(REX)的系统。这通常是驱动发电机的传统的往复活塞式内燃机。产生的电能或者直接地或者通过在电化学电池中暂存而间接地提供给驱动系统。在此，增程器用于产生电能，而不是用于直接驱动车辆。另外有所谓的插电式混合动力车辆(PHEV)。这些插电式混合动力车辆同样具有电动机和往复活塞式内燃机。但是在此这两个总成通常通过耗费的变速器耦联，并且因此能够直接驱动车辆。具有增程器的电动车辆是所谓的串联式混合动力车辆。在此，内燃机不是直接用于牵引，而是通过发电机给蓄能器充电。在此产生能量转换损耗，因为内燃机的机械功率通过发电机才转换成电功率，并且紧接着电功率又通过牵引电动机转换成机械功率。如果产生的电能被暂存，那么在此还必须考虑蓄能器的效率。
在插电式混合动力车辆中，内燃机虽然能直接驱动车辆，但是为此大部分情况下需要非常复杂的变速器，以便使内燃机的特性适配于行驶目的。这些变速器大部分情况下是沉重的并且需要很多结构空间。
由DE10012221A1已知一种具有一个内燃机和两个电机的混合动力车辆，该内燃机用于驱动第一车轴，并且所述电机用于驱动第一车轴和另一个车轴。
发明内容
由现有技术出发，本发明的目的是，提供一种改进的用于机动车的驱动系统。
该目的通过一种按本发明的用于机动车的驱动系统以及通过按本发明的方法以及通过具有按本发明驱动系统的车辆解决。
按一个方面，按本发明的用于机动车的驱动系统具有：内燃机驱动的和电动机驱动的第一轮对；电动机驱动的第二轮对；与第一轮对耦联的内燃机；能作为电动机运行的发电机，该发电机与内燃机和第一轮对耦联；以及电动机，该电动机与第二轮对耦联并且设置成用于将由发电机产生的能量转换成机械能。另外设有行星齿轮传动装置，内燃机通过该行星齿轮传动装置与发电机和第一轮对耦联，其中，脱耦装置设置成连接在第一差速器与第一轮对之间，该第一差速器配设于第一轮对，其中，驱动系统能切换到至少以下运行方式中：
(a)仅第二轮对通过电动机驱动，其中，内燃机通过脱耦装置与第一轮对脱耦；
(b)第一轮对通过内燃机驱动，或者第一轮对通过内燃机驱动并且第二轮对通过电动机驱动；
(c)发电机通过内燃机驱动，其中，第一轮对通过脱耦装置与内燃机脱耦并且第二轮对与电动机脱耦；
(d)两个轮对通过电动机和发电机驱动，其中，第二制动器是闭合的；
(e)内燃机通过发电机起动，其中，第一轮对通过脱耦装置脱耦。
电动机和发电机优选构成为异步电机(ASM)或持久激励的同步电机(PSM)。因此这两者不仅可以作为用于产生能量的发电机运行而且可以用于产生转矩地运行。
内燃机通过行星齿轮传动装置与发电机和输出装置耦联。通过这种布置可以将变化的机械功率传递到输出装置上。在此，内燃机和发电机的转速可变化。这种自由度允许由发电机提供的电功率尤其灵活地适配于车载电网需求。
改良尤其也在于各单个部件的设置。优选设置在后车轴即第二轮对上的电动机可以类似于在单纯的电动车辆中那样构成。因此，在此可以采用廉价的标准解决方案。通过优选添加例如在前车轴上的第一轮对的基于内燃机的驱动，实现如下可能性，即不仅在少的燃料消耗中延长车辆的续航里程，而且提供附加的驱动功率。通过在第一轮对上添加驱动，与传统的电动驱动相比，不仅可改善消耗而且可以改善行驶功率。如果放弃在第一轮对上的驱动，那么还总是提供完全有功能性的驱动，这鉴于模块性具有优点。
第一轮对的驱动优选如下设计，即能够无问题地以恒定速度直至最大速度行驶并且也能以较小加速度行驶。从而这种驱动也适用于在较长行程上运动的电动车辆。因此，非常小的内燃机功率和发电机功率就已经足够了(满足驱动基本负荷)。于是在高的行驶动力学中优选使用在第二轮对上的较强的电动机。另外，驱动系统提供如下优点：优选基于单纯后置驱动的车辆可实现全轮驱动车辆。
按本发明驱动系统的有利结构，第一轮对配设于前驱动车轴并且第二轮对配设于后驱动车轴。这提供如下优点：配设于内燃机的总成即发电机可以安置在车辆前面的发动机室中，而仅较紧凑的电动机安置在车尾中。因此能实现空间优点。
按本发明驱动系统的另一有利的结构，用于存储和输出能量的电池设置成连接到发电机和电动机上。因此可以实现通过发电机产生能量和通过电动机提供驱动力矩的较好解耦。例如基于转换过程可以补偿通过发电机产生的暂时较小的能量，使得电动机能连续地得到能量。
按本发明驱动系统的另一有利的结构，设置第一制动器用于制动尤其是固定行星齿轮传动装置的齿圈。因此，内燃机可以尤其简单地由发电机起动。第一制动器例如构成为爪式离合器，这在闭合状态中允许无打滑性并且另外在打开状态中允许小的摩擦损耗。
按本发明的驱动系统的另一有利的结构，设置第二制动器用于制动尤其是固定行星齿轮传动装置的行星架。这允许在电动行驶中发电机能附加地用于驱动车辆。此外，这种附加元件允许通过发电机在第一轮对上优选在前车轴上的回收性的制动力矩。
按本发明的驱动系统的另一有利的结构，设置脱耦装置，该脱耦装置连接在内燃机与第一轮对之间。在单纯电动运行中，能使第一轮对的驱动装置通过脱耦装置脱耦。这具有如下优点：通过驱动在行星齿轮传动装置例如发电机中的元件产生的摩擦损耗被节省。从而提高效率并且在电动行驶运行中可以实现如下续航里程，即该续航里程与单纯的电动车辆相比较仅略微受限。脱耦装置可以构成为爪式离合器。因此在离合器打开时拖曳损耗能最小化。脱耦装置优选配设于第一轮对并且连接在第一差速器与第一轮对之间。脱耦装置可以优选作为轮毂离合器设置在第一轮对上，这鉴于运动质量是有利的，因为差速器和相应的轴停止，并且能借助于脱耦装置使特别多的部件静止。另外，脱耦装置可以优选连接在内燃机与配设于第一轮对的第一差速器之间，因此可以实现较有利的结构空间利用。
按本发明驱动系统的另一有利的结构，发电机附加地构成为用于内燃机的起动器。因此可以放弃用于起动内燃机的附加的起动器。这鉴于节省结构空间、减小车辆质量和降低车辆成本是有利的。因此优选通过轮毂离合器解耦，并且第一制动器闭合，并且第二制动器打开。
按本发明驱动系统的另一有利的结构，驱动系统优选能切换到至少如下的运行方式：仅第二轮对通过电动机驱动，其中，内燃机通过脱耦装置与第一轮对脱耦；第一轮对通过内燃机驱动，或者第一轮对通过内燃机驱动并且第二轮对通过电动机驱动；发电机通过内燃机驱动，其中，第一轮对通过脱耦装置与内燃机脱耦并且第二轮对与电动机耦联；以及通过电动机和发电机驱动，其中，第二制动器闭合。
本发明的上述各方面和按本发明的驱动系统的配属的有利的结构相应地也适用于车辆的下面描述的方面、按本发明的方法及它们的有利的结构，并且反之亦然。
按本发明的车辆具有如上述描述的驱动系统。
按一个方面，用于运行驱动系统的方法具有至少如下运行方式：仅第二轮对通过电动机驱动，其中，内燃机通过脱耦装置与第一轮对脱耦；第一轮对通过内燃机驱动，或者第一轮对通过内燃机驱动并且第二轮对通过电动机驱动；发电机通过内燃机驱动，其中，第一轮对通过脱耦装置与内燃机脱耦并且第二轮对与电动机脱耦；以及第一轮对通过电动机驱动并且第二轮对通过发电机驱动，其中，第二制动器闭合。
按一种有利的结构，在运行模式——第一轮对通过内燃机驱动，或者第一轮对通过内燃机驱动并且第二轮对通过电动机驱动——中，通过调节内燃机的转速来控制发电机的能量输出。这允许由发电机提供的电功率尤其灵活地适配于车载电网需求。
本发明的其他可能的实现也包括先前描述的特征或者下面关于实施例描述的特征的未明确列举的组合。在此技术人员也能添加单个方面作为相应驱动系统的基本形式的改进或补充。
附图说明
本发明其他有利的结构和方面是下面描述的实施例的主题。另外借助于优选的实施形式参考附图详细解释本发明。
附图在此部分示意地显示。
图1显示具有按第一实施例的驱动系统的机动车的示意图；
图2以空间视图的形式显示按第一实施例的驱动系统；
图3显示在第一运行状态中按第一实施例的驱动系统；
图4显示在第二运行状态中按第一实施例的驱动系统；并且
图5显示在第三运行状态中按第一实施例的驱动系统。
具体实施方式
图1显示机动车1的示意图，该机动车具有按第一实施例的驱动系统3。
在此，机动车1在草图中描述为圆角的矩形。第一轮对5在图中在上面描述并且配设于车辆1的前驱动轴7。第二轮对9在图中远远地在下面配设于后驱动轴11地描述。
内燃机13在前驱动轴7的前面描述并且设置用于驱动第一轮对5。发电机15为了产生电能而与内燃机13耦联。在内燃机13与发电机15之间优选设置行星齿轮传动装置17、第一减速传动装置27和第一差速器29，它们用于在内燃机13、第一轮对5和发电机15之间进行转矩分配或转速分配。内燃机13的输出力矩优选借助于行星齿轮传动装置17传递至第一轮对5和发电机15。
行星齿轮传动装置17优选用作为分动器，其将内燃机13的功率分配到第一轮对5和发电机15上。
在第一差速器29的左边和右边，脱耦装置31描述为两个矩形。脱耦装置31用于使内燃机13与第一轮对5脱耦并且在本实施例中构成为爪式离合器。
后驱动轴11配有用来驱动第二轮对9的电动机33。在本实施例中电动机33也设置成，用于作为用于产生能量的发电机运行。第二传动装置35和第二差速器37优选设置用于在电动机33与第二轮对9之间进行转矩分配或转速分配。
在运行时，机动车1优选不仅能借助于内燃机13通过第一轮对5驱动而且能借助于电动机33通过第二轮对9驱动。另外，发电机15优选可以作为电动机运行并且通过行星齿轮传动装置17、第一减速传动装置27和第一差速器29同样可以提供用于机动车1的驱动力矩。
取代直接连接在发电机15上，内燃机13在本实施例中优选通过行星齿轮传动装置17与发电机15和输出装置即第一轮对5耦联。通过这种布置，内燃机13的一部分驱动功率用于驱动第一轮对5，而该内燃机的其他的驱动功率可用于驱动发电机15。在此，内燃机13的转速和发电机15的转速可变化，这种变化允许，由发电机15提供的电功率适配于车载电网需求。
另外，在驱动系统3纯粹电动运行时，使第一轮对5的驱动借助于脱耦装置31脱耦是可能的。这提供如下优点：取消通过在行星齿轮传动装置17中的元件的运动而造成的摩擦损耗。因此可以提高机动车1的续航里程。
在本实施例中，发电机15也设置成用于起动内燃机13。因此可以取消用于内燃机13的附加的起动器，这鉴于结构空间、车辆重量和成本是有利的。
图2以示意空间视图显示按第一实施例的驱动系统3。
图2继续描述驱动系统3的优选结构的和功能的构造。在图2中有已经由图1已知的部件。前驱动轴7水平延伸。前驱动轴7优选配有第一轮对5。除了前驱动轴7之外，还描述后驱动轴11，该后驱动轴具有配设于其的第二轮对9。术语“前驱动轴7和后驱动轴11”在此应在功能上进行理解，即第一轮对5或第二轮对9可以独立悬挂地设置，情况如同安置在刚性轴上一样。配设于前驱动轴7的第一差速器29作为差速传动装置允许第一轮对5的各车轮不同快地旋转。类似地，也设置配设于后驱动轴11的第二差速器37。发电机15和第一轮对5与内燃机13耦联，通过行星齿轮传动装置17实现转矩分配。
下面描述行星齿轮传动装置17。在此，在行星齿轮传动装置17的可旋转的行星架19上可旋转地设置优选三个行星齿轮21，使得所述行星齿轮的轴线在圆形轨迹上环绕运行。行星齿轮21在本实施例中优选围绕行星齿轮传动装置17的与内燃机13的输出装置耦联的太阳轮25并且与该太阳轮啮合。另外，行星齿轮21优选与围绕这些行星齿轮且轴线平行地设置的齿圈23的内齿部啮合。在本实施中，优选设置第一制动器39以便制动齿圈23，并且设置第二制动器24以便制动行星架19。
行星齿轮传动装置17因此允许优选两级传动，其中，第一传动是从太阳轮25到可旋转地保持行星齿轮21的可旋转的行星架19上，并且第二传动是从太阳轮25到齿圈23上。从而行星齿轮传动装置17优选用作为将内燃机13的功率分配到第一轮对5和发电机15上的分动器。
设置在行星齿轮传动装置17的下游的第一减速传动装置27优选用于为第一轮对5的驱动装置降低转速。
第二轮对9优选由电动机33通过第二传动装置35进行驱动。第二传动装置35在本实施例中构成为用于降低转速的减速传动装置。
由发电机15产生的电能优选能通过电线系统43输送至电动机33。电池45优选为了暂存由发电机15产生的能量而与发电机15电耦联。另外，电池45优选与电动机33电耦联，使得储存在电池45中的能量能够输出到电动机33上。在电池45与发电机15之间优选连接第一转换器47，尤其是用于将由发电机15产生的交流电转换成直流电。另外转换器优选能用于电压匹配。在电池45与电动机33之间优选连接第二转换器49用于电流或电压匹配。
图3示意地显示在第一运行状态中按第一实施例的驱动系统3。
在图的左边，用矩形和在该矩形里面的两个圆圈表示内燃机13。在内燃机13的斜右下方，发电机15描述为矩形。在图的右边，第一轮对5表示为圆圈。在它们之间存在传动系，该传动系具有从内燃机13至第一轮对5的力传递。在此，内燃机13在转速1300转/分时将29Nm的输出转矩提供至行星齿轮传动装置17，这通过向右指的箭头表示。行星齿轮传动装置17通过从左下方朝右上方倾斜地延伸的条表示。行星齿轮传动装置17的标识为圆圈的行星架19由具有1300转/分的转速的内燃机13进行旋转。在驱动设备3的描述的运行状态中，发电机15以-8Nm的转矩即制动地在650转/分的转速中悬挂在行星齿轮传动装置17的太阳轮25上。因此能由发电机15提供0.5千瓦的电功率。用于驱动前轮对5的第一减速传动装置27在1550转/分的转速中以-21Nm的负载力矩制动行星齿轮传动装置17的齿圈18。通过由第一减速传动装置27引起的减速，转矩从21Nm提高到63Nm，并且提供用于驱动第一轮对5。由此导致2.8千瓦的驱动功率，该驱动功率提供用于驱动在车辆前车轴上的第一轮对5。在描述的运行状态中，没有驱动功率传递到后车轴上。
图4示意地显示在第二运行状态中按第一实施例的驱动系统3。图4的原理结构相应于图3的原理结构。在此，内燃机3在2000转/分的转速中将输出转矩29Nm提供至行星齿轮传动装置17，这通过向右指的箭头表示。因此，行星齿轮传动装置17的行星架19由内燃机13以2000转/分的转速进行旋转。在驱动设备3的描述的运行状态中，发电机15以-8Nm的转矩即制动地在3170转/分的转速中悬挂在行星齿轮传动装置17的太阳轮25上。通过提高的转速，能由发电机15提供2.6千瓦的较高的电功率。用于驱动第一轮对5的第一减速传动装置27在1550转/分的转速中以负载力矩-21Nm制动行星齿轮传动装置17的齿圈18。通过借助于第一减速传动装置27的减速，转矩从21Nm提高到63Nm并且提供用于驱动第一轮对5。由此导致2.8千瓦的驱动功率，该驱动功率提供用于驱动在车辆前车轴上的第一轮对5。在描述的第二运行状态中也没有驱动功率传递到后车轴上。
图5示意地显示在第三运行状态中按第一实施例的驱动系统3。在此，内燃机13在3500转/分的转速中将150Nm的输出转矩提供至行星齿轮传动装置17。这相应于55千瓦的驱动功率。发电机15在7000转/分的转速中以50Nm的转矩被行星齿轮传动装置17的太阳轮25驱动。在此被发电机15转换了35千瓦的电功率。320Nm的最大驱动力矩由行星齿轮传动装置17经由齿圈18和第一减速传动装置27输送至在前驱动轴(前车轴)7上的前轮对5。在后驱动轴11上的第二轮对9借助于电动机33驱动，该电动机在该第三运行状态中在12000转/分的转速中将250Nm的转矩并且从而125千瓦的功率输送至连接在第二轮对9上游的第二传动装置35，该第二传动装置构成为减速传动装置。从而在后车轴11的第二轮对9上能实现与减速有关的大约2000Nm的最大转矩。
用于驱动系统3的运行策略优选设置三种运行模式：
电动行驶模式：在此，机动车1由电动机33优选通过在后驱动轴11上的第二轮对9进行驱动。在前驱动轴7上的第一轮对5优选通过脱耦装置31进行脱耦。
充电保持状态：在此，机动车1优选仅由内燃机13通过例如在前驱动轴7上的第一轮对5进行驱动。在操纵第一制动器39并且打开脱耦装置31时，内燃机13的起动优选能通过运行作为马达的发电机15实现(全轮驱动模式)。
全轮驱动模式：当行驶阻力变得过大时或者当要达到最大牵引力时，优选不仅能通过第一轮对5而且能通过第二轮对9进行驱动。在该模式中，优选通过发电机15产生的电功率通过适配内燃机13的转速实现，必要时能减少总电量。
充电模式：如果电池45的充电状态是小的并且该电池要被充电，所谓的串联模式优选能保证，通过发电机15给电池45充电。脱耦装置31在此优选打开，第一制动器39闭合并且第二制动器41打开。然后内燃机13驱动发电机15。
起动模式：内燃机优选能在脱耦装置31打开时通过发电机15被起动。在此，脱耦装置31优选打开，第一制动器39闭合并且第二制动器41打开。然后内燃机13驱动发电机15。
因为优选在后驱动轴11上的第二轮对9在充电保持状态模式中在恒定速度中不提供驱动力矩，并且因此其仅被带动，于是电动机33优选脱耦。如果可切换的变速器安装在后驱动轴11上，这优选能如下实现，即变速器无动力啮合地连接(空挡)。如果没有安装可切换的变速器，那么一种产生小拖曳损失的结构方式可以有利地用作为电动机33，优选异步电机或外部激励的同步电机。
附图标记列表
1 机动车
2 驱动系统
5 第一轮对
7 前驱动轴
9 第二轮对
11 后驱动轴
13 内燃机
15 发电机
17 行星齿轮传动装置
19 行星架
21 行星齿轮
23 齿圈
25 太阳轮
27 第一减速传动装置
29 第一差速器
31 脱耦装置
33 电动机
35 第二传动装置
37 第二差速器
39 第一制动器
41 第二制动器
43 电线系统
45 电池
47 第一转换器
49 第二转换器

Claims (14)

1.用于机动车(1)的驱动系统(3)，该驱动系统具有：内燃机驱动的和电动机驱动的第一轮对(5)；电动机驱动的第二轮对(9)；与第一轮对(5)耦联的内燃机(13)；能作为电动机运行的发电机(15)，该发电机与内燃机(13)和第一轮对(5)耦联；以及电动机(33)，该电动机与第二轮对(9)耦联并且设置成用于将由发电机(15)产生的能量转换成机械能，其中，设有行星齿轮传动装置(17)，内燃机(13)通过该行星齿轮传动装置与发电机(15)和第一轮对(5)耦联，其中，脱耦装置(31)设置成连接在第一差速器(29)与第一轮对(5)之间，该第一差速器配设于第一轮对(5)，其中，驱动系统(3)能切换到至少以下运行方式中：
(a)仅第二轮对(9)通过电动机(33)驱动，其中，内燃机(13)通过脱耦装置(31)与第一轮对(5)脱耦；
(b)第一轮对(5)通过内燃机(13)驱动，或者第一轮对(5)通过内燃机(13)驱动并且第二轮对(9)通过电动机(33)驱动；
(c)发电机(15)通过内燃机(13)驱动，其中，第一轮对(5)通过脱耦装置(31)与内燃机(13)脱耦并且第二轮对(9)与电动机(33)脱耦；
(d)两个轮对(5、9)通过电动机(33)和发电机(15)驱动，其中，第二制动器(41)是闭合的；
(e)内燃机(13)通过发电机(15)起动，其中，第一轮对(5)通过脱耦装置(31)脱耦。
2.按权利要求1所述的驱动系统(3)，其中，第一轮对(5)配设于前驱动轴(7)，并且第二轮对(9)配设于后驱动轴(11)。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的驱动系统(3)，其中，设有电池(45)，所述电池为了存储和输出能量而连接到发电机(15)和电动机(33)上。
4.按权利要求1或2所述的驱动系统(3)，其中，第一制动器(39)设置用于制动行星齿轮传动装置(17)的齿圈(23)。
5.按权利要求4所述的驱动系统(3)，其中，第一制动器(39)设置用于固定行星齿轮传动装置(17)的齿圈(23)。
6.按权利要求1或2所述的驱动系统(3)，其中，第二制动器(41)设置用于制动行星齿轮传动装置(17)的行星架(19)。
7.按权利要求6所述的驱动系统(3)，其中，第二制动器(41)设置用于固定行星齿轮传动装置(17)的行星架(19)。
8.按权利要求1或2所述的驱动系统(3)，其中，脱耦装置(31)设置成连接在内燃机(13)与第一轮对(5)之间。
9.按权利要求1或2所述的驱动系统(3)，其中，脱耦装置(31)设置为在第一轮对(5)上的轮毂离合器。
10.按权利要求8所述的驱动系统(3)，其中，脱耦装置(31)设置成连接在内燃机(13)与第一差速器(29)之间，该第一差速器配设于第一轮对(5)。
11.按权利要求1或2所述的驱动系统(3)，其中，发电机(15)附加地构成为用于内燃机(13)的起动器。
12.车辆(1)，该车辆具有按权利要求1至11中任一项所述的驱动系统(3)。
13.用于运行按权利要求1至11中任一项所述的驱动系统(3)的方法，所述方法具有至少以下运行方式：
(a)仅第二轮对(9)通过电动机(33)驱动，其中，内燃机(13)通过脱耦装置(31)与第一轮对(5)脱耦；
(b)第一轮对(5)通过内燃机(13)驱动，或者第一轮对(5)通过内燃机(13)驱动并且第二轮对(9)通过电动机(33)驱动；
(c)发电机(15)通过内燃机(13)驱动，其中，第一轮对(5)通过脱耦装置(31)与内燃机(13)脱耦并且第二轮对(9)与电动机(33)脱耦；
(d)第一轮对(5)通过电动机(33)驱动并且第二轮对(9)通过发电机(15)驱动，其中，第二制动器(41)是闭合的；
(e)内燃机(13)通过发电机(15)起动，其中，第一轮对(5)通过脱耦装置(31)脱耦。
14.按权利要求13所述的方法，其中，在运行模式(b)中，发电机(15)的能量输出通过调节内燃机(13)的转速进行控制。
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