CN106654335A - 用于防止内部短路的膜和具有该膜的电池 - Google Patents
用于防止内部短路的膜和具有该膜的电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于防止内部短路的膜和包括所述膜的电池。具体地,当具有尖端部分的导电体穿透所述电池时,所述膜可防止可发生在电池中的内部短路。所述膜包括:网结构,其包括多个孔和多条线股,并且所述线股是由绝缘材料制成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池和用于防止在电池内部短路的膜。具体地,所述膜可防止可在具有尖端部分的导电体穿透电池时在电池中发生的内部短路。
背景技术
用于驱动发动机的电池已经安装在诸如电动车辆、混合动力车辆等环境友好型车辆中。如上所述的典型的环境友好型车辆的电池是二次电池。
在这种电池中,为了增加行驶距离,应提高能量密度,并且应该需要保证能够防止电池爆炸的安全性。
然而,能量密度和安全性是相互矛盾的关系。例如,当为了提高安全性而改变电极和隔板的结构时,可降低电池的能量密度并可增加内阻。
具体地,当具有诸如针等尖端部分的导电体由于车辆事故等而穿透电池时,可通过电池中的导电体在阴极和阳极之间发生电气短路,使得高电流可立即流动从而增加导电体附近的温度,从而导致电池的爆炸反应。
在现有技术中的以上描述仅旨在帮助理解本发明的背景,并非旨在表示本发明属于本领域技术人员已经已知的现有技术的范围。
发明内容
在优选方面,本发明提供一种用于防止在电池中内部短路的膜和包括所述膜的电池,所述膜在具有尖端部分的导电体穿透电池时防止导电体和电极之间的物理接触。
在一个方面,用于防止电池的内部短路的膜可包括网结构,所述网结构包括多个孔和多条线股。所述多个孔可通过编织多条线股在多条线股之间形成,并且所述线股可包括绝缘材料。
如本文使用的术语“膜”是指材料层,并且所述膜可适当地具有小于约1mm、小于约900μm、小于约800μm、小于约700μm、小于约600μm,或具体地在约30μm到约500μm的范围内的厚度。此外,如本文使用的膜可具有适当的柔性,使得在将力施加在其上时,所述膜可被弯折、弯曲、翘曲或折叠而不引起其损伤或破损。
如本文使用的术语“网结构”是指一种由线、线股或电线制成的材料或织物,其可交错形成织物结构作为在交错的线、线股或电线之间的允许间隔,从而形成洞、间隔或孔。在本申请中的网结构可不具体受限于编织工艺。
如本文使用的术语“孔”是指用织物材料形成的间隔或空缺,即,网结构。孔的大小没有具体限制,并且基于使用线股用于制造上述网结构的编织工艺,所述孔的大小可适当地从约1μm到50μm、从约50μm到500μm,或具体地从约1μm到500μm的范围内变化。此外,孔的形状没有具体限制,并且根据编织工艺可适当地以二维或三维形成,例如,可以是但不限于,平纹方孔结构、平纹反向荷兰结构、斜纹组织结构以及缎纹组织结构,或者两种或更多种组合。线股的直径可适当地在约25μm到约500μm的范围内,并且孔的宽度可适当地在约1μm到500μm的范围内。
优选地,所述线股可包括合成纤维。
线股可适当地包括选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)以及聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、和其中的两种或更多种的组合的至少一种。
网结构可以是平纹方孔结构、平纹反向荷兰结构、斜纹组织结构以及缎纹组织结构,和其中的两种或更多种的组合中的至少任意一种。
线股的直径可以适当地在约25μm到约500μm的范围内,并且孔的宽度可适当地在约1μm到500μm的范围内。
网结构的厚度可适当地在约30μm到约500μm的范围内。
在另一个方面,本发明提供一种电池。所述电池可包括:至少一个电极组件;覆盖在电极组件外部的壳体;以及为了防止内部短路提供的用于防止内部短路的膜。每个电极可包括隔板,并且两个电极的每个置于隔板的每个表面上。具体地,所述膜可具有网结构,所述网结构包括多个孔和多条线股。多个孔可通过编织多条线股在多条线股之间形成,并且所述线股可包括绝缘材料。
用于内部短路的膜可附着在电极组件的表面的至少一部分上。
此外,用于防止内部短路的膜可置于电极组件和壳体之间。
可替代地,用于防止内部短路的膜可附着在壳体的表面的至少一部分上。
当电池包括多个电极组件时,用于防止内部短路的膜可置于每个电极组件之间。
进一步提供了一种可包括如本文描述的电池的车辆,并且具体地,所述电池可包括用于防止如本文描述的内部短路的膜。
在另一个方面,本发明提供一种用于电池的膜的制造方法。所述方法可包括:编织多条包括绝缘材料的线股以提供网结构。具体地,多个孔可在所述多条线股之间形成。
优选地,所述线股可包括合成纤维。
所述线股可适当地包括选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)以及聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、和其中的两种或更多种的组合的至少一种。
网结构可以是平纹方孔结构、平纹反向荷兰结构、斜纹组织结构以及缎纹组织结构,和其中的两种或更多种的组合中的至少任意一种。
线股的直径可以适当地在约25μm到约500μm的范围内,并且孔的宽度可适当地在约1μm到500μm的范围内。
网结构的厚度可适当地在约30μm到约500μm的范围内。
在以下公开本发明的其他方面。
附图说明
本公开的以上和其他目的、特征以及优点将从以下结合附图的详细描述中显而易见。
图1根据本发明的示例性实施例示出示例性电池。
图2根据本发明的示例性实施例示出用于防止内部短路的示例性膜的平面图。
图3根据本发明的示例性实施例示出在具有尖端部分的导电体穿透用于防止内部短路的膜的网结构的示例性状态。
图4根据本发明的示例性实施例显示用于防止内部短路的示例性膜的示例性网结构的放大图。
附图标记说明
10:电池
20:电极组件
21:隔板
22:阴极
23:阳极
30:膜
60:导电体
具体实施方式
本文使用的术语仅为了描述具体示例性实施例的目的,而非旨在限制本发明。如本文所使用,单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”旨在同样包括复数形式,除非上下文另外明确指明。应当进一步理解,当在本说明书中使用时,术语“包括”和/或“包含”指定所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在,但不排除一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其中的组的存在或添加。
除非特别陈述或从上下文中显而易见,否则如本文所使用的,术语“约”被理解为在本领域正常公差范围内,例如在平均值的2个标准差范围内。“约”可以被理解为在所述数值的10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.1%、0.05%或0.01%的范围内。除非上下文另外明确指明,否则本文提供的所有数值都被术语“约”修饰。
应当理解,如本文所使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或如本文所使用的其他类似术语一般包括机动车辆,诸如包括运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、公共汽车、卡车、各种商业车辆的乘用车,包括各种轮船和舰船的船只,飞行器等,并且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、燃烧插电式混合动力电动车辆、氢动力车辆,以及其他替代燃料车辆(例如,从非石油资源获得的燃料)。如本文所提到的,混合动力车辆是具有两种或更多种动力源的车辆,例如汽油动力和电动力两者的车辆。
在下文中,将参考附图详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。作为参考,为了方便理解可夸大在涉及本发明的附图中示出的组件大小、线的厚度等。此外,本文使用的以下术语是考虑到本公开的功能而定义,并且可以通过用户和运营商的意图、习惯做法等用不同的方式来解释。因此,本说明书使用的定义应该基于贯穿整个说明书的内容来解释。
图1根据本发明的示例性实施例示出示例性电池的示例性电极组件。
如图1所示,电池10可包括电池组件20和覆盖电池组件20的壳体(未示出)。
电池组件20可包括隔板21和两个电极,即,阴极22和阳极23,两个电极的每个置于隔板21的每个表面上。
阴极22包括阴极集流体22a、阴极活性材料22b等,并且阳极23包括阳极集流体23a、阳极活性材料23b等。
此外,用于防止内部短路的膜可置于电池10中,并且膜30可防止阴极22和阳极23之间的电气短路(内部短路),所述电气短路可在具有尖端部分的导电体60穿透电极组件20时发生。
用于防止内部短路的膜30可包括网结构35,在所述网结构35中,多个孔33通过编织多条如图2所示的线股31形成。
根据本发明,由于用于防止内部短路的膜30由如上所述的网结构35形成,因而当导电体60如图1所示的穿透电极组件20时,导电体60的尖端部分可被插入到网结构的孔33,并且同时,孔33周围的线股31可阻挡导电体60,从而防止孔33极度扩大。因此,用于防止内部短路的膜30可与导电体60一起插入到电池10的电极组件20中,从而可靠防止阴极22和阳极23之间的电气短路。
线股31可包括诸如合成纤维的绝缘材料。
具体地,由于膜30由网结构35形成,因而膜30不会轻易地被导电体60穿透,使得线股31可由廉价的合成纤维制成。
例如,线股31可包括选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET:polyethylene terephthalate)、聚酰胺(PA:polyamide)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK:polyether ether ketone)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE:polytetrafluoroethylene)以及聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF:polyvinylidene fluoride)、和其中的两种或更多种的组合的至少一种。
进一步地,尽管在图2至图4中示出了平纹方孔网结构35,但是网结构35可不限于此。
例如,网结构35可具有平纹方孔网结构、平纹反向荷兰结构、斜纹组织结构和缎纹组织结构、和其中的两种或更多种的组合中的至少任意一种。
此外,线股31的直径D可在约25μm到约500μm的范围内,孔33的宽度W可在约1μm到约500μm的范围内,以及网结构35的厚度可在约30μm到约500μm的范围内。
可替代地,如图1所示,用于防止内部短路的膜30可附着在电极组件20的一个表面上。
此外,用于防止内部短路的膜30可附着在覆盖电极组件20的壳体的表面上。
进一步地,用于防止内部短路的膜30可介于电极组件20和壳体之间。
进一步地,当电池包括堆叠在其中的多个电极组件20时,用于防止内部短路的膜30可介于每个电池组件20之间。
电池10可具有各种结构。例如,一个或多个电池组件20可堆叠在单电池(battery cell)中,并且一个或多个单电池可彼此串联或并联连接以形成电池模块、电池组等。
堆叠一个或多个电极组件20的单电池可密封在壳体中,使得电池10可被配置为单位电池(unit cell)。当电池被配置为单位电池时,用于防止内部短路的膜30可附着在电极组件20或壳体的表面上。
进一步地,当电池10是通过多个单电池彼此串联或并联连接形成的电池模块或电池组时,用于防止内部短路的膜30可附着在电池模块或电池组的表面上,或介于电池单元之间。
此外,电池10可以是袋型电池(pouch type battery),其中电极组件20被配置在果冻卷式结构中,并且壳体可形成为袋状。在如上所述的袋型电池的情况下,用于防止内部短路的膜30可介于电池组件20和壳体之间。
本发明也可提供一种制造用于如上所述的电池的膜的方法。例如,包括绝缘材料的多条线股可被编织以提供网结构,使得多个孔可形成在多条线股之间。编织工艺可不受具体限值,并且孔的大小和形状可基于编织工艺而改变。
示例
在下文中,将通过示例和比较例详细描述用于防止内部短路的膜,但是用于防止内部短路的膜的范围不限于此。
示例1
使用聚酰胺(PA)制造具有90μm的厚度和网结构的用于防止内部短路的膜。
示例2
使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制造具有55μm的厚度和网结构的用于防止内部短路的膜。
示例3
使用聚醚醚酮(PEEK)制造具有75μm的厚度和网结构的用于防止内部短路的膜。
比较例1
使用聚乙烯(PE)制造具有40μm厚度的用于防止内部短路的多孔膜。
比较例2
使用由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制成的无纺布制造具有100μm厚度的用于防止内部短路的膜。
以下表1示出通过测试获得的、当直径为5mm的钉以80mm/sec的速度向安装在电池中的、如上所述的示例和比较例的膜中的每个膜穿透时是否发生短路的结果。
【表1】
结构(材料,厚度) | 短路 | |
示例1 | 网结构(PA,90μm) | 防止短路 |
示例2 | 网结构(PET,55μm) | 防止短路 |
示例3 | 网结构(PEEK,75μm) | 防止短路 |
比较例1 | 多孔结构(PE,40μm) | 短路 |
比较例2 | 无纺布(PET,100μm) | 短路 |
如表1所示,可以知道,用于防止示例1至示例3的内部短路的膜由网结构形成,在执行穿透测试时,用于防止内部短路的膜被推入到电池中从而防止内部短路。反之,当所述膜是使用基于聚乙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的由比较例1和比较例2的多孔膜或无纺布形成而非网结构时,在执行穿透测试时,用于防止内部短路的膜没有被推入到电池中,使得膜不能防止内部短路。
根据本发明,当具有尖端部分的导电体穿透电池时,可通过阻止导电体和电极之间的物理接触阻止从电池中的阴极和阳极之间流动的电流,从而防止可因导电体周围温度的增加而发生的电池的爆炸。
在上文中,尽管参考示例性实施例和附图已经描述了本公开,然而本发明不限于此,而在不脱离所附权利要求所要求的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以通过本领域的技术人员对本发明所涉及的进行各种修改和改变。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于电池的膜,包括:
网结构,其包括多个孔和多条线股,
其中所述多个孔通过编织所述多条线股形成在所述多条线股之间,
其中所述线股包括绝缘材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的膜,其中所述线股包括合成纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的膜,其中所述线股包括选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)以及聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、和其中的两种或更多种的组合的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的膜,其中所述网结构是平纹方孔结构、平纹反向荷兰结构、斜纹组织结构以及缎纹组织结构、和其中的两种或更多种的组合中的至少任一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的膜,其中每条线股的直径在约25μm到约500μm的范围内,且每个孔的宽度在约1μm到约500μm的范围内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的膜,其中所述网结构的厚度在约30μm到约500μm的范围内。
7.一种电池,包括:
至少一个电极组件,每个电极组件包括隔板和两个电极,所述两个电极中的每个置于所述隔板的每个表面上;
壳体,其覆盖在所述电极组件的外部;以及
膜,其用于防止电池中的内部短路,
其中所述膜包括网结构,所述网结构包括多个孔和多条线股,
其中所述多个孔通过编织所述多条线股形成在所述多条线股之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电池,其中所述膜附着在所述电极组件的表面的至少一部分。
9.根据权利要求7所述的电池,其中所述膜介于所述电极组件和所述壳体之间。
10.根据权利要求7所述的电池,其中所述膜附着在所述壳体的表面的至少一部分。
11.根据权利要求7所述的电池,其中所述电池包括多个电极组件,并且所述膜介于每个电极组件之间。
12.一种包括权利要求7所述的电池的车辆。
13.一种用于电池的膜的制造方法,所述制造方法包括:
编织包括绝缘材料的多条线股以提供网结构,
其中在所述多条线股之间形成多个孔。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述线股包括合成纤维。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述线股包括选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)以及聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、和其中的两种或更多种的组合的至少一种。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述网结构是平纹方孔结构、平纹反向荷兰结构、斜纹组织结构以及缎纹组织结构、和其中的两种或更多种的组合中的至少任一种。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中每条线股的半径在约25μm到约500μm的范围内,且每个孔的宽度在约1μm到约500μm的范围内。
18.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述网结构的厚度在约30μm到约500μm的范围内。
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US20170125762A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
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