CN106650158A - Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and multi-data sources-based urban real-time global environment estimation method - Google Patents
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and multi-data sources-based urban real-time global environment estimation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and multi-data sources-based urban real-time global environment estimation method. The method is based on historical data of urban environment monitor stations, global mesoscale meteorological forecast results, national meteorological data, urban major pollutant source data, a urban geographical three-dimensional model and road surface real-time monitor data of a motor vehicle exhaust detection system, CFD is used as a calculation engine, an environment quality mode is adaptively switched according to meteorological information, a multiscale grid discrete urban model is used, a multi-component pollution model is introduced, and a meteorological dry and wet settlement process is considered, so as to establish an urban global air and environment quality real-time estimation method. The urban environment quality estimation method is much better than existing methods in comprehensiveness, accuracy and real-time performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of real-time global context estimation side in city for being based on CFD (Fluid Mechanics Computation) and multi-data source
Method, merges the city overall situation atmospheric environment of meteorological data, pollutant data, motor-vehicle tail-gas Real-time Monitoring Data, city model
Method of estimation, belongs to field of environment engineering.
Background technology
With social development progress, to becoming more meticulous, the demand of personalized weather data is increasingly notable, while environment for people
Contamination phenomenon is on the rise, and in recent years haze phenomenon occurred in many city large area of China, affects people physically and mentally healthy and production
Life.Environmental pollution improvement has become the great subject under discussion of national management.Environmental pollution is researched and analysed firstly the need of obtaining
High-precision environmental pollution distributed data in region, but due to current meteorological site and environmental monitoring sites rare numbers, it is most of
Environmental quality service software can only provide the air quality coarse information of larger geographic range, it is impossible to which realization becomes more meticulous personalized real
When environmental data service.The urban air-quality distributed data of higher resolution contribute to citizen make rational planning for trip arrange,
Avoid high pollution areas；The environmental consciousness of culture people, it is aggressive to safeguard environment.Meanwhile, urban air pollution concentration is empty
Between distribution and time distributed data can carry out new building plan for land for municipal sector, major polluting sources are administered etc., and executive decision is carried
For foundation.
Existing atmospheric pollutant diffusion model mainly has Gauss model.Gauss model assumes that air flow is steady-flow,
And in addition to earth's surface, other directions are non-boundary diffusion.Pollutant is flowed up in wind direction side, and is expanded in the other direction
Dissipate, diffusion process Gaussian distributed.Gauss model physical significance is visual and understandable, is easy to calculate.To fixed point sources analog result
Precision is higher, and less to being input into meteorological data requirement, and many new-type models are all based on stable state Gauss plume dispersion equation, with
Parameterized means process what different terrain environment was obtained.But earth surface complex environment cannot well be simulated, do not examined
Consider dried wet deposition process, so model has limitation.
Statistical model, such as Monte Carlo model.Random walk process is spread according to molecule, contaminant particles rail is tracked
Mark obtains pollutant air mass overall movement feature, carrys out simulating pollution thing spatial and temporal distributions evolutionary process.The model energy Reaction-diffusion terms
Physical essence, it is not necessary to extra to assume.But need to predict surroundings wind field, temperature field.
First generation forecasting model of air quality is mainly Gauss model.After the 1980s, second generation pollutant
Diffusion model research reaches a climax, and has many models to be suggested, and can process Atmospheric Chemistry, dried wet deposition process.Such as AMS systems,
HPDM systems, ADMS systems etc..These systems can process the pollutant diffusion of much room yardstick, but spatial and temporal resolution is very low.
After the nineties, third generation model gradually grows up, such as Model-3 models, and the model is based on Gauss model, and increased dirt
Dye species.Comprising discharge mode system SMOKE, MM5 model and general Multi-Scale Air Quality Modeling System
CMAQ.But Models-3 can only also carry out mesoscale range above Atmospheric qual ity prediction.
Air quality assessment currently for city microenvironment still lacks concrete numerical value pattern.
By carrying out patent retrieval to the field, not yet there are Patents in discovery.In the pretty dinners of Southeast China University Yang Yang, Fang Yong
Magnificent application, the disclosure of on April 20th, 2016, Publication No. CN 105513133A, a kind of entitled " city wind environment numeral
In the Chinese invention patent application of cartography and display methods ", patent applicant proposes a kind of city wind environment digitally
Figure makes and display methods, and by three-dimensional drawing module city three-dimensional space model construction is carried out；By the city three-dimensional space for building up
Between mathematical model input wind environment CFD computing modules；Collection ground wind environment real time data input CFD computing module parts, are carried out
Visual city wind environment universe simulation, using the actual measurement device context test of the wind environment with GPS location function, forms and implements prison
Survey data；Implementing Monitoring Data according to wind environment carries out actual measurement check amendment to the overall analogue data of wind environment, is formed a certain
The urban wind surrounding three-dimensional database at moment；The wind environment three-dimensional data base for building up is input into into three-dimensional visualization module；Using three
Wind environment database is proceeded to and carries out visualization processing by dimension visualization model.The invention carries out city minute yardstick just for wind environment
Simulation monitoring, without proposing a Unified frame pattern for air quality and various contaminant component distributional analysis.
And refer to carry out urban environment numerical simulation using CFD if other non-patent literatures such as non-patent literature 1.
The what naval of non-patent literature 1, Luo Kun. the urban environment numerical simulation [J] based on WRF-CMAQ-Fluent. the energy
Engineering, 2016, (3)：41-45.
Non-patent literature 1 sets pollution sources, regional boundary condition, using CFD simulation studies city by setting up BUILDINGS MODELS
City's wind environment, pollutes substance environment.But the numerical simulation does not account for settlement action of the precipitation to pollutant, at the same boundary condition by
It is artificial to specify, real urban meteorological data are not accounted for the conversion process of boundary condition, while simply isolated analogue simulation, and
Can not be according to measured result real-time update result of calculation.
Existing document and patent are focused primarily upon to city three-dimensional wind environment simulation, and its boundary condition mostly is artificial and specifies,
And actual wind environment situation can not be reflected；Or using environmental monitoring point data carry out simple linear interpolation obtain to environment believe
The rough estimate of breath, the atmospheric fluid dynamics equation that has no basis carries out to environmental pollutants global multiscale estimatiL, while
Lack real-time.
The content of the invention
The technology of the present invention solve problem：Overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of based on CFD and the city of multi-data source
In real time global context method of estimation, is that city global context quality is preferably estimated, gives City-scale environment matter
Amount estimation scheme, accuracy is comprehensive, and accuracy, real-time has very big lifting than existing program.
The technology of the present invention solution：A kind of real-time global context method of estimation in the city based on CFD and multi-data source, knot
Conjunction Monitoring Urban Environment site history data, global Meso-scale meteorology predict the outcome, city major polluting sources data, urban geography
Threedimensional model and motor vehicle tail gas detection system road surface Real-time Monitoring Data, by the use of CFD as computing engines, according to weather information
Self adaptation handoff environment quality mode is complete for city so as to establish one using multiple dimensioned grid discretization city model
Office's quality of air environment real-time estimation pattern.
The present invention proposes a kind of combining global Meso-scale meteorology data, current and history environment Monitoring Data, real-time machine
The measured data of motor-car Tail gas measuring equipment and urban geography surrounding three-dimensional model, with Fluid Mechanics Computation instrument, to city
The method that global context estimates modeling, including herein below.
A kind of real-time overall situation atmospheric environment method of estimation in city based on CFD and multi-data source, comprises the steps：
The first step, extracts city three-dimensional model data, carries out the threedimensional model using model fragment number method for simplifying and melts
Close, and geography information is mapped to into the threedimensional model, generate the simplified city threedimensional model with geography information；
Second step, selectes the region to be solved in city, in region to be solved, city three-dimensional mould is simplified to first step gained
Type carries out hexahedral mesh division, incorporates city major polluting sources GIS information and city arterial street GIS information, then uses
Multiple dimensioned Meshing Method carries out refined net division to major polluting sources region, arterial street, generates multiple dimensioned gridding city
City's threedimensional model；
3rd step, using Realizable k- ε turbulence models closing urban atmosphere flow field equation, adds solar radiation side
Journey, obtains urban atmosphere flow field control equation；
4th step, by the real time data of the emissions data of city major polluting sources, automotive emission by matchingly
Reason position coordinates point methods, are mapped to second step gained city threedimensional model major polluting sources position and arterial street position is located
Place, generates city major polluting sources discharge spatial and temporal distributions Q1j(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t), wherein ξ1, ξ2, ξ3For coordinate variable, t is the time
Variable；And arterial street exhaust pollutant source concentration distribution Q2j(ξ1, ξ2, t), merge Monitoring Urban Environment website pollutant levels
Data, generate global pollutant levels and are distributed Y according to a preliminary estimate using bilinear interpolationEnv, j, using pollutant transportation equation synthesis
Three kinds of data sources described above, i.e. Q1j(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t), Q2j(ξ1, ξ2, t) and YEnv, j, obtain real-time pollutant transportation model；
5th step, by multi-data source national scale wind field, pollutant distribution data and ECMWF meteorological datas, as city
Model solution region time-varying boundary parameter, is obtained into stream interface, is gone out stream interface, coboundary and underlying surface side using atmosphere boundary theory
Boundary's condition；
6th step, using computation fluid dynamics solver on city three-dimensional grid model obtained by second step to the 3rd
Step gained flow field control equation and the 4th step pollutant transportation model discretization, by the time-varying boundary condition of the 5th step, carry out city
City's overall situation flow field calculation, obtains without meteorologic factor real time environment Mass Distribution；
7th step, it is meteorological for different precipitation with reference to urban meteorological data, including snowfall and rainfall, it is rapid to the 6th step CFD
Flow model calculates result of calculation of the gained without meteorologic factor real time environment Mass Distribution and carries out correspondence settlement action process, obtains city
The real-time global context Mass Distribution in city；
8th step, in the 7th step current time city real-time global context Mass Distribution current time environmental quality point is obtained
On the basis of cloth result of calculation, loading subsequent time meteorological data, major polluting sources emissions data, automotive emission data,
Real-time circulation calculating is carried out, the real-time global context Mass Distribution dynamic estimation in city is generated.
The first step, extracts city three-dimensional model data, and using model fragment number method for simplifying the three-dimensional mould is carried out
Type merges, and geography information is mapped to into the threedimensional model, generates the side of the simplified city threedimensional model with geography information
Method is：
(1) DirectX data flows when being run using 3D ripper analysis Google Earths, derive with geography information three
Dimension urban architecture model；
(2) using STL Model reducing technique combining steps (1) gained three-dimensional city BUILDINGS MODELS triangular facet, it is simplified
Urban architecture model；
(3) matching step (2) gained three-dimensional city BUILDINGS MODELS and geography information characteristic point, by geography information three are mapped to
Dimension urban architecture model, generates the simplified city threedimensional model with geography information.
The second step, using Realizable k- ε turbulence models closing urban atmosphere flow field equation, the description of Do models
Solar radiation, the method for obtaining urban atmosphere flow field control equation is：
(1) the incompressible continuity equation of stable state is sealed using Realizable k- ε turbulence models, i.e. RKE models
Close, set Realizable k- ε model parameters：Equation constant L1, the turbulent prandtl number σ of tubulence energy and dissipative shock wavek, σε, obtain
To turbulence control equation；
(2) using solar irradiation strength values in meteorological data, it is determined that current intensity of incident radiationGeneration
Enter radiant heat transfer equation, calculating radiation and convection field and temperature affects, and turbulence control equation obtains urban atmosphere in joint step (1)
Flow field control equation group.
In 4th step, using the comprehensive three kinds of data sources of pollutant transportation equation, the step of pollutant transportation model is obtained
Suddenly it is：
(1) monitoring public information Zhong Ge enterprise of the Guo Kong key enterprises discharge number provided using Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection and provinces and cities' environmental protection Room
According to major polluting sources are modeled as into point-source distribution, it is intended that pollution sources coordinate, source strength definable pollution sources position in a model
And discharge capacity, obtain the Spatial-temporal pattern Q of key enterprise's pollution sources1j(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t), wherein：I is pollution source species,
Remember that enterprise pollution source is i=1 herein, j is pollutant kind, Qj(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t) be certain pollutant source item；
(2) according to the motor vehicle tail gas detection system gained pollutant data of supporting exploitation, using linear interpolation formula pair
Between monitoring point 1, the tail gas concentration between 2 enters row interpolation, estimates street canyon inner exhaust gas constituent concentration value,
Q in formula2j, 1For two neighboring motor-vehicle tail-gas test point gained pollutant levels data, l, l1, l2For interpolation point,
Monitoring point 1, the geographic coordinate values of monitoring point 2；By street pollutant levels matching city model correspondence street, pollutant levels are obtained
Map, sets up city way pollution sources concentration spatial and temporal distributions estimate, and is considered as line source, Q2j(ξ1, ξ2, t), and substituted into dirt
Dye thing transport equation；
(3) city is carried out into region division by node of environmental monitoring sites, and environmental data is provided using environmental monitoring sites
With monitoring point as summit, bilinear interpolation is carried out to internal regional pollution thing concentration value, generate the pollutant levels for covering city
Discreet value YEnv, j, field is corrected as course of conveying initial fields, and calculating process using it；
(4) for major pollutants, including PM2.5, nitrogen oxides, sulfide sets up respectively different component conveying sides
Journey, concrete certain component YjThe conveying differential equation be：
In formula：ρ is fluid density, YjFor the mass fraction of component j, UJ, iFor component j diffusion velocity i directions component,
QjFor component source strength, visjFor diffusion of components coefficient entry, different component diffusion coefficient difference, by the dirt of step (1) gained key enterprise
Dye source item Q1j(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t), step (2) gained city way pollutant source Q2j(ξ1, ξ2, t), city is dirty obtained by step (3)
Dye thing concentration discreet value YEnv, jThe said components conveying differential equation is substituted into, generate in real time pollutant transportation model by calculating.
In 5th step, by data source national scale wind field, pollutant distribution data, and ECMWF meteorological datas, as
City model domain time-varying boundary parameter, is obtained into stream interface, is gone out stream interface, coboundary and underlay using atmosphere boundary theory
The step of face boundary condition is：
According to atmosphere boundary theory, using the data of height ground floor in ECMWF data as upper bound boundary condition；Building
Thing and ground are set to wall boundary condition；Inflow face boundary condition：Wind in stream interface atmospheric boundary layer is described with exponential distribution
Speed is with height change situation
Wherein u0For valley top parallel street direction wind speed, z is terrain clearance, z0For street canyon height, loss is side
Speed loss index in interlayer, using entrance atmospheric boundary layer height as altitude datum, correspondence ECMWF air speed datas are used as benchmark
Height wind speed；It is zero to arrange out stream interface relative pressure, by above-mentioned setting, obtains into stream interface, goes out stream interface, coboundary and underlying surface
Boundary condition.
7th step combines urban meteorological data, for different Meteorological Models, the 6th step result of calculation is settled
Effect is processed, and is the step of obtain the real-time global context Mass Distribution in city：
In real time National Meteorological Center's real-time weather is combined without meteorologic factor real time environment Mass Distribution result of calculation to gained
Data, it is meteorological for different precipitation, including snowfall, rainfall, different contaminant components are to contaminant component distribution applying sedimentation work
With pollutant levels value after being rinsed：Yj=Y0, je-phi(Rf), wherein：Y0, jFor pollutant levels value before precipitation, It is the function of precipitation Rf to rinse coefficient, rinses figure parameters L2, L3For empirical coefficient, with precipitation
Type and pollutant type are related, to contaminant component spatial distribution YjAt any time iteration updates, and obtains the real-time global context in city
Mass Distribution.
The present invention is compared to the advantage of prior art：
(1) tractability：Existing atmospheric environment pattern such as models3 patterns etc. are just for mesoscale (3km) environment above matter
Amount is estimated, and the present invention, using CFD computational methods, is capable of achieving the environment matter that becomes more meticulous by carrying out three-dimensional modeling to city
Amount estimates that spatial resolution is up to 50-100m.
(2) real-time：Existing environmental quality reporting system is limited to environmental monitoring station data renewal frequency, for street
The change of transient state pollution concentration can not provide fast report.And the present invention uses supporting motor vehicle tail gas detection system energy real-time update
Street pollutant levels situation, so as to realize that in real time overall situation pollutant levels are estimated.
(3) multicomponent prediction is comprehensive：The pretty dinners of Southeast China University Yang Yang, Fang Yonghua applications, on April 20th, 2016 are open, public
The number of opening is CN 105513133A, the middle promulgated by the State Council of entitled " a kind of city wind environment numerical map makes and display methods "
A kind of urban wind environmental map preparation method is proposed in bright patent application, but the invention carries out city minute yardstick just for wind environment
Simulation monitoring, without proposing a Unified frame pattern for air quality and various contaminant component distributional analysis,
Impact of the meteorologic factor effect to urban air environment is not more accounted for.And the present invention is by introducing city primary pollution source data
And street pollutant levels real time data, unified multicomponent course of conveying is set up, so as to obtain the overall situation point of different pollutants
Cloth.
(4) accuracy：Existing city environmental quality detection pattern such as Gaussian plume model, or box model etc. is to diffuser ring
Border, such as earth surface, wind field have been made to greatly simplify, and can only provide rough result.The present invention is examined by City Modeling
Urban wind ambient turbulence effect is considered, using the Realizable k- ε model treatments city wind environment with clear and definite physical significance；
The multivariate datas such as conurbation major polluting sources data, the real-time emission data in street, obtain city overall situation real time environment quality and estimate
Meter pattern, there is very big lifting on accuracy of estimation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the flow chart of CFD cities global context quality determining method；
Fig. 2 is 3 D City illustraton of model；
Key enterprise of Tu3Shi Hefei Cities waste gas monitoring geographical map；
Fig. 4 is avenue pollutant levels datagram；
Fig. 5 is city global context quality distribution diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is better understood from for ease of those skilled in the art, the present invention is done furtherly below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
It is bright.
As shown in figure 1, the present invention be embodied as it is as follows：
First step is to carry out three-dimensional modeling to city.The present invention is primarily based on Google Earth and obtains city threedimensional model.
Urban area to be solved is chosen from Google Earth, DirectX when running using 3D ripper analysis Google Earths
Data flow, derives the three-dimensional city BUILDINGS MODELS with geography information, saves as * .3dr files.
3dr files importing 3d Max are carried out into pinup picture setting .obj files is saved as, then using Deep
Exploration generates sketchup model files, as shown in Fig. 2 the figure is the city threedimensional model for combining geography information.
In City-scale flow field calculation is carried out, the detail data pair such as low buildings, building material, fine geometric configuration
City upper air current intelligence affects very little.Therefore to reduce amount of calculation, model is carried out to non-street region low buildings same
Change, assimilate into the single model with average height.Simultaneously model entity face number is reduced using union operation, by building simplification
It is the rigid body with simple geometry configuration (cuboid, square), is simplified urban architecture model, further reduces and calculate
Amount.
Matching simplifies three-dimensional city BUILDINGS MODELS and geography information characteristic point, and geography information is mapped to into three-dimensional city building
Model, generates the simplified city threedimensional model with geography information.Sketchup model files after process are imported into CFD to calculate
Software, the present invention selects fluent as solver software.
Second step carries out stress and strain model to model area
Domain：Domain height is set in fluent, according to atmosphere boundary theory, in atmospheric boundary layer
Air flow is affected exponentially to decay with increasing apart from ground level by underlying surface, is in more than the air motion in the boundary layer
Plateau.This layer of general thickness is divided into ground layer, surface layer, Ekman layers within 1km.Mankind's activity, and air pollution
Thing is also concentrated mainly on the gas-bearing formation.Herein the atmospheric boundary layer upper bound is considered as into the domain upper bound, so as to domain selection is
One framework for including urban area.
Start GAMBIT stress and strain model devices, treating domain carries out volume mesh division, from hexahedron as grid element
Element, and check stress and strain model situation：Luid mechanics computation model is enterprising in space lattice by by continuous fluid equation discretization
Row numerical computations.Can be the grid cells such as hexahedron, tetrahedron, pyramid by model partition.Hexahedral element allows to compare four
The bigger ratio of face body unit, and numerical dissipation phenomenon is less.Big in view of urban area flowing yardstick, model has more letter
Single geometric shape, therefore using big ratio hexahedral element, make generation grid cell quantity less, reduce calculation cost.
Multiple dimensioned grid：Using refined net method, with reference to the major polluting sources that Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection's pollution source monitoring center provides
Automatically Geography of enterprise information in essential information is monitored, in mapping that to city model.To major polluting sources and road network peripheral region
Domain carries out stress and strain model using refined net.
Third step governing equation is arranged
Because the hollow gas motor pattern of atmospheric boundary layer is mainly turbulent flow, therefore need to portray air motion using turbulence model
Process.Common turbulence model has a standard k-ε model, RNG k- ε models, Realizable k- ε models, reynolds stress model, greatly
Whirlpool simulation model. the Physical Mechanism that various models consider progressively is goed deep into, but corresponding amount of calculation also gradually rises. consider,
This method adopts Realizable k- ε models (RKE models)) the incompressible continuity equation of stable state is closed.
RKE models Turbulent Kinetic and its dissipative shock wave transport equation are：
In above-mentioned equation, ρ is fluid density, and k is tubulence energy, and ε is dissipative shock wave, μtFor viscosity, ΘkRepresent due to flat
The Turbulent Kinetic that velocity gradient causes；L5It is constant, σk, σεIt is respectively the turbulent prandtl number of tubulence energy and dissipative shock wave. acquiescence
It is worth for L5=1.9, σk=1.0, σε=1.2.
Viscosity formula isWherein ΛμIt is calculated by equation below：
Model coefficient：
L4For formula constant, η is fluid viscosity characteristic, SijFor fluid spinor tensor.
Fluid continuity equation：
U in formulaiFor i (i=ξ1, ξ2, ξ3) direction upper fluid flowing velocity.
Turbulent flow momentum-transport equation form is：
In formula：ρ is fluid density, ucfd,iFor i directions fluid velocity component, TcfdFor fluid temperature (F.T.), EcfdFor gross energy,
keffFor effective thermal conductivity, (τij)effFor deviatoric stress tensor, pfluFor average pressure.
RKE turbulence models are selected in fluent turbulence model model parameters panel, above-mentioned parameter L is input into4, L5, Λμ, obtain
Turbulence control equation.
For heat conveying, current air temperature is obtained by environmental monitoring sites, solar radiation data substitute into energy of flow
Equation.Energy equation essence is exactly Reynolds Momentum Transport equation in RKE models.For solar radiation heat transfer, there is equation below：
In formula：For intensity of incident radiation,It is vectorial for radiation position,For body surface
Normal vector,For radiation direction vector, κ be radiating surface absorption coefficient, nsunTo radiate refraction coefficient, σsFor radiating surface folding
Penetrate coefficient, T is local temperature, ΦsunFor radiating phase function, Ω 'cfdFor radiation space solid angle,For radiating scattering side
To.
Local intensity of incident radiation data are obtained from environmental monitoring websiteSelect in fluent
Transient state Solution model, setting radiation patterns are solar radiation model.Assume urban surface underlying surface refraction coefficient, reflectance factor,
Absorption coefficient is a steady state value, according to architectural thermal engineering architectural exterior-protecting construction outer surface solar radiation parameter subordinate list numerical value, can be set
Underlying surface is unrestrained gray surface, absorption coefficient 0.2, scattering coefficient 0.Air index is taken as 1, scattering coefficient 0.Set above-mentioned ginseng
Number, joint RKE turbulence models obtain urban atmosphere flow field control equation group.
Diffusion process component transport process is portrayed in fluent, and for contaminant component conveying, the present invention combines city
City's primary pollution source data, air quality monitoring stations point data, and motor vehicle tail gas detection system the data obtained, weather environment feelings
Condition carries out equation Modeling to pollutant diffusion process.The main source of urban atmospheric pollution thing has extraneous conveying, urban automobile
Exhaust emissions, city factory pollution sources, life discharge.
To the modeling of factory pollution sources, need geographical distribution, the pollutant kind data for considering pollution sources, using Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection and
Monitoring public information Zhong Ge enterprise of the Guo Kong key enterprises emissions data that provinces and cities' environmental protection Room provides, such as Fig. 3, table 1, table 1 is Hefei
Key enterprise of city waste gas monitoring data.It is modeled as point-source distribution.In fluent, UDF scripts are write, because of city model
With relative dimensional, by specifying corresponding coordinate, and source strength definable pollution sources position in a model and discharge capacity.Obtain weight
The Spatial-temporal pattern Q in point enterprise pollution sourceij(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t), wherein：I is pollution source species, and enterprise pollution source is remembered herein
For i=1, j is pollutant kind, QijFor the source item of certain pollutant.
Table 1
For street tail gas pollution of motor-driven vehicle source, this method is dirty using the motor vehicle tail gas detection system gained of supporting exploitation
Dye thing data, using linear interpolation formula between monitoring point 1, the tail gas concentration between 2 enters row interpolation, estimate in street canyon
Exhaust gas component concentration value.
Q in formula2j, iFor two neighboring motor-vehicle tail-gas test point i=1,2 gained contaminant component j concentration datas, l, l1,
l2For interpolation point, monitoring point 1, the geographic coordinate values of monitoring point 2；By street pollutant levels matching city model correspondence street, obtain
To pollutant levels map, city way pollution sources concentration spatial and temporal distributions estimate is set up, and be considered as line source, Q2j(ξ1, ξ2, t),
And substituted into pollutant transportation equation.
City is carried out into region division by node of environmental monitoring sites, and provides environmental data to supervise using environmental monitoring sites
Measuring point is summit, and bilinear interpolation is carried out to internal regional pollution thing concentration value, and the pollutant levels for generating covering city are estimated
Value YEnv, j.Field is corrected as course of conveying initial fields, and calculating process using it.
Different component transport equations are set up respectively for major pollutants such as pm2.5, nitrogen oxides, sulfide etc..Tool
Body certain component YjThe conveying differential equation be：
In formula：ρ is fluid density, YjFor the mass fraction of component j, UJ, iFor component j diffusion velocity i directions component,
QjFor component source strength, visjFor diffusion of components coefficient entry, different component diffusion coefficient difference.By step 3.3.1) gained emphasis enterprise
Industry pollutant source Q1j(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t), step 3.3.2) gained city way pollutant source Q2j(ξ1, ξ2, t), step 3.3.3)
Gained urban pollutant concentration discreet value YEnv, jThe said components conveying differential equation is substituted into, it is defeated by calculating generation pollutant in real time
Send model.
, to arrange during solver boundary condition, the embodiment of the present invention is using in European medium-range weather numerical forecast for four steps
The ERA-40 analysiss of data again that the heart (ECMWF) is provided, the data be using four-dimensional assimilation method (4Var) assimilated ground observation,
Global weather data obtained from the data such as souding upper-air observation, satellite Retrieval, temporal resolution is 3h, 0.25 ° of spatial resolution ×
0.25 °, 60 layers of highl stratification, headroom height is 65km, per layer of about 1km.
Domain upper bound boundary condition is set, according to atmosphere boundary theory, by height ground floor in ECMWF data
Temperature, air pressure, air speed data are used as upper bound boundary condition.Select to import data boundary in fluent, coboundary data are led
Enter solver.
Building and ground are set to wall boundary condition (U1, U2, U3)=0.U in formulai, i=(1,2, it is 3) ξi(i=1,
2,3) direction upper fluid flowing velocity.
Domain side circle boundary condition, determines domain wind speed inflow face and goes out stream interface by ECMWF data.It is comprehensive
Ground Meteorological website temperature data Tg, and ECMWF provides atmospheric boundary layer temperature record Te, tentatively judge atmospheric air temperature lapse rate
Size Tg-Te, and rough wind speed size. wind speed with altitude change in atmospheric boundary layer is exponentially distributed：
Wherein u0For valley top parallel street direction wind speed, z is terrain clearance, z0For street canyon highly, it is big with entrance
, used as altitude datum, correspondence ECMWF air speed datas are used as altitude datum wind speed for gas Boundary Layer Height.Loss is speed in boundary layer
Loss index, also referred to as stable current field, by atmospheric air temperature lapse rate different brackets is divided into, so as to can correspond to stability with
Loss values.China's standard GB/T 50009-2012 " building structure loading specification " be given under the conditions of different underlying surface loss values and
The relation of air velocity boundary layer thickness.
Go out stream interface boundary condition：It is assumed that going out stream interface flowing fully development, it is zero that can be set to relative pressure.
Wherein U1, U2, U3Respectively coordinate ξ1, ξ2, ξ3Direction upper fluid flowing velocity, k is tubulence energy, and ε is dissipative shock wave,
Sur is stream interface.
5th step：In real time result of calculation applies settlement action.The processes such as precipitation have cleaning action to pollutant.Cleaning
Intensity it is relevant with precipitation and precipitation duration.Need to apply sedimentation work to contaminant component distribution if precipitation meteorology is run into
With pollutant levels value after being rinsed：
Yj=Y0, je-phi(Rf)
Wherein：Y0, jFor pollutant levels value before precipitation,It is the letter of precipitation Rf to rinse coefficient
Number.Rinse figure parameters L2, L3It is related to type of precipitation (such as snowfall, rainfall) and pollutant type for empirical coefficient.Write UDF
Script, combines National Meteorological Center's real time meteorological data to result of calculation in real time, meteorological (such as snowfall, drop for different precipitation
Rain), using corresponding Settlement Model, to contaminant component spatial distribution YjAt any time iteration updates, and obtains the real-time global context in city
Mass Distribution.
6th step：Real-time update result of calculation.Motor vehicle tail gas detection system collects real-time street pollutant levels
Numerical value, using street tail gas pollution of motor-driven vehicle source modeling method above street pollutant line source release strength, sampling period are generated
For real-time.Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection and environmental administration of provinces and cities discharge of pollutant sources data, 24 hours sampling periods, using third step governing equation
Factory's pollution sources modeling method in setting, generates major polluting sources discharge model.By the ECMWF weather prognosis data (sampling periods
For 6 hours) and National Meteorological Bureau's meteorological data (0.5 hour sampling period) be used as model entrance boundary condition data, and region
Correction field, is corrected to solving result, while updating data boundary, carries out next round calculating.Above-mentioned data are substituted into and is solved
Device, using Realizable k- ε models the real-time global context Mass Distribution dynamic estimation in city is obtained.
Fig. 5 is to have merged street exhaust pollutant data, major polluting sources data, when instantaneous wind direction is North-East Bound, city
Above the ground at 25 meters pm2.5 concentration instantaneous distribution result of calculation.
Above example is provided just for the sake of the description purpose of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.This
The scope of invention is defined by the following claims.The various equivalents made without departing from spirit and principles of the present invention and repair
Change, all should cover within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the real-time overall situation atmospheric environment method of estimation in a kind of city based on CFD and multi-data source, it is characterised in that including as follows
Step：
The first step, extracts city three-dimensional model data, and using model fragment number method for simplifying the threedimensional model fusion is carried out, and
Geography information is mapped to into the threedimensional model, the simplified city threedimensional model with geography information is generated；
Second step, selectes the region to be solved in city, in region to be solved, simplifies city threedimensional model to first step gained and enters
Row hexahedral mesh is divided, and city major polluting sources GIS information and city arterial street GIS information is incorporated, then using many chis
Degree Meshing Method carries out refined net division to major polluting sources region, arterial street, generates multiple dimensioned gridding city three
Dimension module；
3rd step, using Realizable k- ε turbulence models closing urban atmosphere flow field equation, adds solar radiation equation, obtains
To urban atmosphere flow field control equation；
4th step, by the real time data of the emissions data of city major polluting sources, automotive emission by the geographical position of matching
Coordinate point methods are put, are mapped at second step gained city threedimensional model major polluting sources position and arterial street position place,
Generate city major polluting sources discharge spatial and temporal distributions Q1j(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t), wherein ξ1, ξ2, ξ3For coordinate variable, anaplasia when t is
Amount；And arterial street exhaust pollutant source concentration distribution Q2j(ξ1, ξ2, t), merge Monitoring Urban Environment website pollutant levels number
According to generating global pollutant levels using bilinear interpolation and be distributed Y according to a preliminary estimateEnv, j, using in pollutant transportation equation synthesis
State three kinds of data sources, i.e. Q1j(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t), Q2j(ξ1, ξ2, t) and YEnv, j, obtain real-time pollutant transportation model；
5th step, by multi-data source national scale wind field, pollutant distribution data and ECMWF meteorological datas, as city model
Domain time-varying boundary parameter, is obtained into stream interface, is gone out stream interface, coboundary and underlying surface perimeter strip using atmosphere boundary theory
Part；
6th step, using computation fluid dynamics solver on city three-dimensional grid model obtained by second step to the 3rd step institute
Flow field control equation and the 4th step pollutant transportation model discretization are obtained, by the time-varying boundary condition of the 5th step, city is carried out complete
Office's flow field calculation, obtains without meteorologic factor real time environment Mass Distribution；
7th step, it is meteorological for different precipitation with reference to urban meteorological data, including snowfall and rainfall, to the 6th step CFD turbulent flow mould
Type calculates result of calculation of the gained without meteorologic factor real time environment Mass Distribution and carries out correspondence settlement action process, obtains city reality
When global context Mass Distribution；
8th step, in the 7th step current time city real-time global context Mass Distribution current time environmental quality distribution meter is obtained
On the basis of calculating result, subsequent time meteorological data is loaded into, major polluting sources emissions data, automotive emission data are carried out
Real-time circulation is calculated, and generates the real-time global context Mass Distribution dynamic estimation in city.
2. the real-time overall situation atmospheric environment method of estimation in the city based on CFD and multi-data source according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：The first step, extracts city three-dimensional model data, and using model fragment number method for simplifying the threedimensional model is carried out
Fusion, and geography information is mapped to into the threedimensional model, the method for generating the simplified city threedimensional model with geography information
For：
(1) DirectX data flows when being run using 3D ripper analysis Google Earths, derive the three-dimensional city with geography information
City's BUILDINGS MODELS；
(2) using STL Model reducing technique combining steps (1) gained three-dimensional city BUILDINGS MODELS triangular facet, it is simplified city
BUILDINGS MODELS；
(3) matching step (2) gained three-dimensional city BUILDINGS MODELS and geography information characteristic point, by geography information three-dimensional city is mapped to
City's BUILDINGS MODELS, generates the simplified city threedimensional model with geography information.
3. the real-time overall situation atmospheric environment method of estimation in the city based on CFD and multi-data source according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：In 3rd step, using Realizable k- ε turbulence models closing urban atmosphere flow field equation, the description of Do models
Solar radiation, the method for obtaining urban atmosphere flow field control equation is：
(1) the incompressible continuity equation of stable state is closed using Realizable k- ε turbulence models, i.e. RKE models,
Setting Realizable k- ε model parameters：Equation constant L1, the turbulent prandtl number σ of tubulence energy and dissipative shock wavek, σε, obtain rapids
Flow control equation；
(2) using solar irradiation strength values in meteorological data, it is determined that current intensity of incident radiationSubstitute into spoke
Heat transfer equation is penetrated, calculating radiation and convection field and temperature affects, and turbulence control equation obtains urban atmosphere flow field in joint step (1)
Governing equation group.
4. the real-time overall situation atmospheric environment method of estimation in the city based on CFD and multi-data source according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：In 4th step, using the comprehensive three kinds of data sources of pollutant transportation equation, the step of obtain pollutant transportation model
For：
(1) monitoring public information Zhong Ge enterprise of the Guo Kong key enterprises emissions data provided using Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection and provinces and cities' environmental protection Room,
Major polluting sources are modeled as into point-source distribution, it is intended that pollution sources coordinate, source strength definable pollution sources position in a model and
Discharge capacity, obtains the Spatial-temporal pattern Q of key enterprise's pollution sources1j(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t), wherein：I is pollution source species, this
Place note enterprise pollution source is i=1, and j is pollutant kind, Qj(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t) be certain pollutant source item；
(2) according to the motor vehicle tail gas detection system of supporting exploitation gained pollutant data, using linear interpolation formula between
Monitoring point 1, the tail gas concentration between 2 enters row interpolation, estimates street canyon inner exhaust gas constituent concentration value,
Q in formula2j, 1For two neighboring motor-vehicle tail-gas test point gained pollutant levels data, l, l1, l2For interpolation point, monitoring
Point 1, the geographic coordinate values of monitoring point 2；By street pollutant levels matching city model correspondence street, pollutant levels ground is obtained
Figure, sets up city way pollution sources concentration spatial and temporal distributions estimate, and is considered as line source, Q2j(ξ1, ξ2, t), and substituted into pollution
Thing transport equation；
(3) city is carried out into region division by node of environmental monitoring sites, and provides environmental data to supervise using environmental monitoring sites
Measuring point is summit, and bilinear interpolation is carried out to internal regional pollution thing concentration value, and the pollutant levels for generating covering city are estimated
Value YEnv, j, field is corrected as course of conveying initial fields, and calculating process using it；
(4) for major pollutants, including PM2.5, nitrogen oxides, sulfide sets up respectively different component transport equations, has
Body certain component YjThe conveying differential equation be：
In formula：ρ is fluid density, YjFor the mass fraction of component j, UJ, iFor component j diffusion velocity i directions component, QjFor
Component source strength, visjFor diffusion of components coefficient entry, different component diffusion coefficient difference, by the pollution of step (1) gained key enterprise
Source item Q1j(ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, t), step (2) gained city way pollutant source Q2j(ξ1, ξ2, t), step (3) gained municipal pollution
Thing concentration discreet value YEnv, jThe said components conveying differential equation is substituted into, generate in real time pollutant transportation model by calculating.
5. the real-time overall situation atmospheric environment method of estimation in the city based on CFD and multi-data source according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：In 5th step, by data source national scale wind field, pollutant distribution data, and ECMWF meteorological datas, as
City model domain time-varying boundary parameter, is obtained into stream interface, is gone out stream interface, coboundary and underlay using atmosphere boundary theory
The step of face boundary condition is：
According to atmosphere boundary theory, using the data of height ground floor in ECMWF data as upper bound boundary condition；Building and
Ground is set to wall boundary condition；Inflow face boundary condition：With exponential distribution describe in stream interface atmospheric boundary layer wind speed with
Height change situation：
Wherein u0For valley top parallel street direction wind speed, z is terrain clearance, z0For street canyon height, loss is boundary layer
Interior speed loss index, using entrance atmospheric boundary layer height as altitude datum, correspondence ECMWF air speed datas are used as altitude datum
Wind speed；It is zero to arrange out stream interface relative pressure, by above-mentioned setting, obtains into stream interface, goes out stream interface, coboundary and underlying surface border
Condition.
6. the real-time overall situation atmospheric environment method of estimation in the city based on CFD and multi-data source according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：In 7th step, with reference to urban meteorological data, for different Meteorological Models, sedimentation work is carried out to the 6th step result of calculation
With process, it is the step of obtain the real-time global context Mass Distribution in city：
In real time National Meteorological Center's real time meteorological data is combined without meteorologic factor real time environment Mass Distribution result of calculation to gained,
Meteorological for different precipitation, including snowfall, rainfall, different contaminant components apply settlement action, obtain to contaminant component distribution
The pollutant levels value to after flushing：Yj=Y0, je-phi(Rf), wherein：Y0, jFor pollutant levels value before precipitation, It is the function of precipitation Rf to rinse coefficient, rinses figure parameters L2, L3For empirical coefficient, with type of precipitation and dirt
Dye species type is related, to contaminant component spatial distribution YjAt any time iteration updates, and obtains the real-time global context Mass Distribution in city.
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