CN107229297A - A kind of transformer station and switchyard environment remote monitoring method - Google Patents
A kind of transformer station and switchyard environment remote monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
A kind of transformer station and switchyard environment remote monitoring method, category monitoring field.It builds the grid chart of transformer station to be monitored and switchyard room area, determines the connected relation between each grid, carries out dimension-reduction treatment, and simplified model simultaneously carries out sliding-model control, calculates the Temperature Distribution relation of room area environment；To the temperature distribution model of acquisition, carry out boundary condition and primary condition is calculated；By being compared with temperature measuring point observed temperature, carry out the error of correction model；According to amended temperature distribution model or Temperature Distribution relation, the room area for treating monitoring substation and switchyard carries out temperature control.It uses the method for calculating Temperature Distribution, temperature conduction problem is converted into flow conductance problem, the amount of calculation of control unit can be greatly reduced, even if temperature measuring point quantity is very limited, still accurate room temperature control effect can be obtained, avoid causing regional area overheat supercooling, can effectively lift the novel maintenance managerial skills of unattended transformer and distribution power station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental monitoring, and particularly relates to a remote monitoring method for transformer substation and switch station environments.
Background
Due to the restriction of factors such as land and environment, distribution and construction of substations, switchyards, distribution stations and the like (for short, transformer (distribution) stations) are increasingly difficult, and compact substations even emerge continuously. The internal environments of the stations are often high in heat and humidity, unsmooth in ventilation, dust accumulation, no discharge of toxic gas and the like; in addition, the quantity of the switch stations, the distribution stations and the like is large, the distribution range is wide, and daily regular maintenance can hardly be realized.
In order to improve the equipment operating environment of the power transformation (distribution) station, an air conditioner and a dehumidification device are additionally arranged in the station, so that the equipment operating environment of the power transformation (distribution) station is greatly improved.
However, these air conditioners still require manual start and stop at present. The air conditioner is started and stopped manually, a large number of hands are needed, and randomness is high. If the opening time is too long, energy is wasted; and if the starting time is too late, the indoor environment temperature is too high, which affects the service life of the equipment. A set of remote monitoring system for the air conditioner of the power transformation (distribution) station is constructed by relying on years of research and development experiences of our company in the aspect of power safety monitoring and combining with field requirements, so that the indoor temperature and humidity of the power transformation (distribution) station are ensured to be within a reasonable range, and the remote monitoring system has important significance in improving the safety production level of power supply enterprises.
In the prior art, it is a relatively mature technology to control the indoor temperature or humidity of the power transformation (distribution) station by remote monitoring, for example, a plurality of temperature and humidity detection sensors are installed on site in the power transformation (distribution) station room, actual temperature and humidity values in the room are collected, a controller with a CPU is used to remotely control the operation of the air conditioner and the dehumidification equipment in the power transformation (distribution) station room according to the actual temperature and humidity values collected on site, and the start or stop of the air conditioner and the dehumidification equipment is remotely controlled according to the set values of the temperature and humidity, so as to finally realize the adjustment of the indoor temperature and humidity of the power transformation (distribution) station and the data transmission and recording.
However, the above control mode has many problems, that is, in the monitored substation (distribution) room, a plurality of temperature detection sensors need to be arranged, and the actual temperatures at a plurality of positions in the room are detected at the same time, so on one hand, the field installation number and the wiring workload of the actual detection sensors are increased, the one-time investment/purchase cost is increased, and the temperature measurement mode is easy to misjudge for a complex environment (the temperature measurement point is close to a heat source or the room is too long and narrow, etc.), and thus, the local area is overheated or overcooled; on the other hand, the arrangement of a plurality of temperature detection sensors leads the temperature and humidity controllers to need to execute a plurality of monitoring processes, increases the I/O data transmission quantity and the operation workload of the temperature and humidity controllers, and is not favorable for the rapid operation and the improvement of the reaction sensitivity of the temperature and humidity controllers. In addition, the one-time purchase cost of the temperature and humidity controller is increased, the probability of failure is increased due to the increase of the number of temperature detection sensors, and the difficulty is brought to field maintenance and repair. In addition, in order to solve the distance limitation of air conditioner temperature measurement, the number of digital external temperature measurement probes is usually increased. In this case, the temperature measurement range can be greatly improved for a large space switch room (a large space having an area larger than 100 square meters). However, the temperature measuring probe installed in the indoor substation switch room is interfered by signals of high-voltage equipment layout, and the wiring and the installation height of the probe are limited by the safety distance of electrical equipment and cannot be installed. For these "inaccessible" area thermometry, temperature values can only be obtained by indirect methods. Therefore, it is difficult to comprehensively know the specific temperature distribution in the high-voltage equipment room, which causes misjudgment of the air conditioning system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a remote monitoring method for transformer substation and switch station environments. On the basis of an existing remote monitoring indoor temperature control system of a transformer (distribution) station, a temperature distribution graph of a transformer substation switch room is established, a method for calculating temperature distribution is adopted, the temperature conduction problem is converted into an airflow conduction problem, the calculated amount is greatly reduced, the temperature distribution graph of the transformer substation switch room can be obtained as long as a plurality of parameters are given, even if the number of temperature measuring points is very limited, a relatively accurate room temperature control effect can be still obtained, overheating and supercooling of local areas are avoided, the remote operation and maintenance management level of the unattended transformer (distribution) station can be effectively improved, and the purchase and maintenance cost is reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps that a plurality of groups of temperature sensors are arranged in an indoor site and are used for collecting measured values of site temperatures; the temperature controller is arranged to control the operation or stop of the air conditioner according to the difference between the measured value of the field temperature and the set value, monitor and regulate the indoor environment temperature, remotely transmit the measured value of the indoor temperature and the operation parameters of the air conditioner to the centralized monitoring center, and perform corresponding display, data storage and lookup or playback of historical data, and is characterized in that:
gridding indoor areas of the transformer substation to be monitored and the switch station to obtain a group of multiple grid units, and constructing a grid diagram of the indoor areas of the transformer substation to be monitored and the switch station according to the grid units;
determining a grid unit where an air conditioner is located, and determining the airflow output direction and the airflow path of the air conditioner according to the installation condition of actual equipment;
starting the air conditioner to operate, and respectively testing the actual temperature value of the position of each grid unit after the indoor temperature is stable;
respectively arranging a group of temperature sensors at the positions of the grid units where the lowest point and the highest point of the measured temperature are located, and collecting measured values of the field temperature;
determining the communication relation among grids according to the actual building structure on site, simplifying the actual complex space into a simple space or performing dimension reduction treatment, simplifying the model and performing discretization treatment, and converting the computational aerodynamics problem into the conduction problem of airflow;
constructing temperature distribution maps of indoor areas of the transformer substation to be monitored and the switch station;
constructing a temperature distribution model of an indoor area, and calculating a temperature distribution relation of an indoor area environment on the basis of the model;
calculating boundary conditions and initial conditions of the obtained temperature distribution model;
correcting the error of the model by comparing with the measured temperature of the temperature measuring point;
when the error between the calculation result and the temperature measurement result is greater than the error degree set by the error, adjusting the value of the calculation step length delta t for recalculation, and correcting the result;
the required numerical value result can be achieved by performing correction calculation for 2-3 times, and the requirements of real-time calculation and control are met;
and according to the modified temperature distribution model or the temperature distribution relation, performing temperature control on indoor areas of the transformer substation to be monitored and the switch station.
And the communication relation among the grids is determined according to the indoor building layout of the building.
Specifically, according to the indoor building layout of the building, whether two adjacent grids are communicated or not is determined according to whether building partitions or walls exist between each grid unit or not.
Further, the temperature distribution model is a Navier-Stroke equation meeting a 1-dimensional condition.
The Navier-Stroke equation u (x, t) is expressed as follows:
where u (X, t) is a binary function of temperature with respect to the X-axis (direction of airflow propagation) and time;is the partial derivative of u (x, t) with respect to t,is the partial derivative of u (X, t) with respect to X, X being the distance from the initial position in the direction of propagation of the gas flow, in meters, t being the time of propagation of the wave, in seconds; c is the propagation velocity in m/s.
Specifically, the X axis is an airflow output direction or an airflow propagation direction of the air conditioner.
Further, the discretization is carried out according to the following steps:
starting from the definition of the partial derivatives, obtainingAndof discrete formula
Wherein, the step length of the extreme form is delta x, delta t, when the step length of the extreme form is very small,andcan be replaced by the above two groups of formulas to form the following equations
Differential forms from which the above equations can be derived
Can be calculated by the following formulaValue of (A)
Wherein,for numerical solution, n, n +1 is a serial number of two adjacent intervals of a calculation step length, and i, i +1 is two adjacent discrete coordinates of an x coordinate axis; finally, a one-dimensional simplified formula of the Navier-Stroke equation is obtained.
Specifically, when the boundary condition and the initial condition are calculated, the existing temperature measuring point temperature is substituted into the boundary condition of the Navier-Stroke equation one-dimensional simplified formula, including the air-conditioner air outlet temperature u0And the measured temperature u of other temperature measuring pointsiAnd calculating a numerical solution of the conduction velocity of the airflow in the x-axis direction, and calculating the estimated temperature of the point according to the conduction velocity of the airflow so as to prepare for correcting the calculation step length in the next step.
The air conditioner outletTuyere temperature u0Obtained from actual temperature sensor measurements.
Further, in the step of correcting the model error by comparing with the measured temperature of the temperature measuring point, the model error is corrected by comparing with the measured temperature of the temperature measuring point, the simulation calculation is normally performed when the error is less than a preset value, and the step length of each simulation interval is shortened when the error exceeds a set upper limit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. in the indoor temperature control process, the temperature conduction problem is converted into the airflow conduction problem, the calculated amount can be greatly reduced, the temperature distribution map of the switch room of the transformer substation can be obtained as long as a plurality of parameters are given, and a more accurate room temperature control effect can be obtained even if the number of temperature measuring points is very limited;
2. the indoor temperature is controlled by adopting a temperature distribution diagram or a temperature distribution curve, so that the arrangement quantity of indoor temperature sensors can be greatly reduced, the workload of indoor wiring and arrangement of threading pipes (the transformer safety regulation stipulates that the indoor wiring of the transformer substation needs to adopt a pipe-penetrating structure form to meet the fireproof and damp-proof requirements) is reduced, and the problem of uniformity of arrangement of the indoor temperature sensors due to the influence of the installation position of equipment is avoided;
3. in the calculation process, the analog calculation step length can be adaptively adjusted according to the error, the manual intervention control process is reduced to the maximum extent, and the intelligent degree is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram of the control method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic temperature profile of a grid cell of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the building structure of the indoor areas of the transformer substation to be monitored and the switch station;
FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of a planar grid of indoor areas of a substation to be monitored and a switchyard;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of temperature curves of grid cells of the original temperature control system;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the temperature curve of each grid cell after the technical scheme is adopted.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The temperature sensor of the common industrial air conditioner adopts a thermistor to measure the temperature. The temperature change changes the resistance value of the air conditioner thermistor, and the air conditioner temperature processing controller determines the running state of the air conditioner according to the temperature measurement value. The temperature measurement mode of the air conditioner is easy to misjudge for complex environments (temperature measurement points are close to a heat source body, and a room is too long and narrow), so that local areas are overheated and overcooled.
In order to solve the distance limitation of air conditioner temperature measurement, a digital external temperature measurement probe (see figure 1) is added. For a larger space switch room (a large space with the area larger than 100 square meters), the temperature measurement range can be greatly improved. However, the temperature measuring probe installed in the indoor substation switch room is interfered by signals of high-voltage equipment layout, and the wiring and the installation height of the probe are limited by the safety distance of electrical equipment and cannot be installed. For these "inaccessible" area thermometry, temperature values can only be obtained by indirect methods. Therefore, it is difficult to comprehensively know the specific temperature distribution in the high-voltage equipment room, which causes misjudgment of the air conditioning system.
In order to solve the problem that the temperature measurement mode of the air conditioner generates misjudgment on a complex environment, the invention provides a mathematical model for calculating temperature distribution, a Navier-Stroke method in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD for short) is adopted, the temperature distribution diagram of a switching room of a transformer substation can be obtained as long as a plurality of parameters, air outlet temperature, air conditioning air speed and the temperature of a plurality of temperature measurement points are given, even if the number of the temperature measurement points is very limited, more accurate room temperature distribution can be obtained at any time, and overheating and supercooling of a local area are avoided.
According to the technical scheme, the model of temperature distribution in an indoor complex environment needs to be solved, the temperature distribution relation of the environment is calculated on the basis of the model, and finally a relatively complex indoor scene of the transformer substation is selected for calculation and test, and the model is tested on site to test the correctness.
The control method and the specific steps of the technical scheme are implemented as shown in figure 1.
Step 1: simplified spatial model, simplified equation:
simplifying the space model:
the three-dimensional space model has the disadvantages of huge calculation amount and high reduction of the conditions of site temperature and airflow velocity
Simplifying the model, simplifying the complex space into a simple space or performing dimension reduction (reducing the three-dimensional space problem into a two-dimensional plane problem and reducing the two-dimensional plane problem into a one-dimensional problem), and performing discretization processing on the simplified model, wherein in the project, the dimension reduction of the three-dimensional space into the one-dimensional linear problem is performed, the larger the number of units is, the higher the calculation progress is, and the calculation complexity is from 0(n)3) Decrease to 0(n)
The simplified equation:
first convert the CFD problem into a conduction problem for the air stream, u (x, t) satisfies the 1-dimensional Navier-Stroke equation:
where u (X, t) is a binary function of temperature with respect to the X-axis (direction of airflow propagation) and time,is the partial derivative of u (x, t) with respect to t,is the partial derivative of u (X, t) with respect to X, X is the distance from the initial position in the direction of propagation of the gas flow in meters, t is the time of propagation of the wave in seconds, c is the propagation velocity in m/s.
Starting from the definition of the partial derivatives, obtainingAndof discrete formula
Wherein, the step length of the extreme form is delta x, delta t, when the step length of the extreme form is very small,andcan be replaced by the above two groups of formulas to form an equation
Differential forms from which the above equations can be derived
The following formula can be usedCalculate outValue of (A)
WhereinFor numerical solution, n, n +1 is the serial number of two adjacent intervals of a calculation step length, and i, i +1 is two adjacent discrete coordinates of an x coordinate axis. The formula (6) is a final one-dimensional simplified formula.
And 2, calculating boundary conditions and initial conditions:
substituting the temperature of the existing temperature measuring point into the boundary condition of the Navier-Stroke discrete equation (6) (boundary condition: boundary condition refers to the condition that the solution of the equation set on the motion boundary should meet), including the temperature u of the air outlet of the air conditioner0(obtained by actual measurement of the temperature measuring probe), and the measured temperature u of other temperature measuring pointsiA numerical solution of the conduction velocity of the airflow in the x-axis direction can be calculated, and the estimated temperature at that point is calculated based on the conduction velocity of the airflow, in preparation for correcting the calculation step size in step 3.
And 3, correcting and controlling the calculation result:
the error of the model is corrected by comparing with the measured temperature of the temperature measuring point, generally speaking, the simulation calculation is normally carried out when the error is very small, and the step length of each simulation interval is shortened when the error exceeds the upper limit set by people.
Example (b):
step 1, simplifying space model and numerical model
Introduction of the field Environment:
the indoor structure of a certain transformer substation is shown in figure 3, wherein 1 layer of the indoor structure is 30 meters long and 8 meters wide, two concrete walls are arranged in the middle of the indoor structure for separating, the other parts of the indoor structure are communicated, and the middle area is lifted by 0.65 meter.
The planar grid pattern of the 1 layer is shown in fig. 4 after simplification.
The number of the grid diagram of the 1-layer transformer substation is shown in the following table:
| 30 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 |
| 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 |
| 40 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 32 | 31 |
step 2, calculating boundary conditions and initial conditions
And determining the communication direction of each grid unit according to the building structure of the transformer substation.
Wherein the grid cells are connected at the lateral positions, such as grid cell 30 and grid cell 29.
Grid unit 1, grid unit 11, grid unit 21 and grid unit 31 are communicated at longitudinal positions
The grid cells 10, 20, 30, 40 are communicated in the longitudinal direction, and the rest directions are not communicated.
In the grid unit 3, the temperature measuring module is installed on the grid unit 8, the air outlet position is the position of the grid unit 1, and when the wind direction is fixed (leftwards all the time), the problem can be simplified into the problem of 1-dimensional Navier-Stroke.
Setting boundary conditions:
wherein i, j is the number of the cell,
is a heat source position; t is tsIs a constant value;the air outlet temperature is a constant value;
directly using equation (6):
whereinIs the 1 st positionTemperature of step n and n +1
Δ t ═ 0.25 (sec)
And c is the wind speed, 3(m/s) (obtained according to the air conditioner specification parameters).
Step 3, correcting and controlling principle of calculation result
The measured individual grid cell temperatures are as follows:
| unit cell | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Temperature of | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22.68 | 24.23 | 26.12 | 27.79 | 28.928 | 29.01 | 27.56 |
The temperature curves for grid cell 1 to grid cell 10 are shown in fig. 2.
According to the grid unit 3, the temperature measuring module is arranged on the grid unit 8.
In performing the calculations, the following values and settings are used:
the calculation step 1 is Δ t ═ 0.25 (sec)
The calculation step 2 is Δ t ═ 0.20 (sec)
| Unit cell | Δt | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Calculation 1 | 0.25 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22.68 | 24.23 | 26.12 | 27.79 | 28.928 | 29.01 | 27.56 |
| Calculation 2 | 0.20 | 22 | 22.6 | 23.1 | 22.98 | 24.43 | 26.33 | 27.81 | 28.928 | 29.15 | 27.63 |
| Temperature measurement | 23.4 | 29.3 |
When the error between the calculation result and the temperature measurement result is larger than the error degree set by the error, the value of delta t is reduced for recalculation, the error value can be reduced, and the result is corrected, because the period for acquiring the real-time temperature each time needs about 40-50 seconds (sampling time), the numerical result required by people can be achieved by performing Navier-Stroke formula calculation for 2-3 times in general, and the requirement of real-time calculation is met.
Fig. 5 shows the temperature curves of the grid cells 1 to 40 when the original temperature control system is used, and fig. 6 shows the temperature curves of the grid cells 1 to 40 after the technical solution is used.
The left and right groups of vertical lines in the figure are respectively the positions of two large heat sources, and the wavy curve is the curve of temperature conduction.
As can be seen from the figure, the waveform change of the temperature propagation curve is obviously improved after the technical scheme is adopted.
The technical scheme of the invention can be directly popularized to a linear working area, an L-shaped working area and a T-shaped working area, can also be expanded to the conditions of a plurality of heat sources, heat source change, a plurality of air conditioners and the like, and has good adaptability.
According to the technical scheme, the temperature distribution map of the transformer substation switch room is established, the temperature distribution method is adopted to convert the 2-dimensional temperature conduction problem into the 1-dimensional air flow conduction problem, the calculation workload of a control unit or a controller can be greatly reduced, the temperature distribution map of the transformer substation switch room can be obtained by only providing a plurality of operation parameters of the air conditioning device and combining with an indoor structure plane grid of the transformer substation, even if the number of temperature measuring points is very limited, a more accurate room temperature control effect can be still obtained, local area overheating is avoided, and the remote operation and maintenance management level of an unattended transformer (distribution) station can be effectively improved.
The invention can be widely applied to the field of indoor environment monitoring of power transformation (distribution) stations.
Claims (10)
1. A remote monitoring method for environment of transformer substation and switch station comprises setting several groups of temperature sensors in indoor site for collecting measured value of site temperature; the temperature controller is arranged to control the operation or stop of the air conditioner according to the difference between the measured value of the field temperature and the set value, monitor and regulate the indoor environment temperature, remotely transmit the measured value of the indoor temperature and the operation parameters of the air conditioner to the centralized monitoring center, and perform corresponding display, data storage and lookup or playback of historical data, and is characterized in that:
gridding indoor areas of the transformer substation to be monitored and the switch station to obtain a group of multiple grid units, and constructing a grid diagram of the indoor areas of the transformer substation to be monitored and the switch station according to the grid units;
determining a grid unit where an air conditioner is located, and determining the airflow output direction and the airflow path of the air conditioner according to the installation condition of actual equipment;
starting the air conditioner to operate, and respectively testing the actual temperature value of the position of each grid unit after the indoor temperature is stable;
respectively arranging a group of temperature sensors at the positions of the grid units where the lowest point and the highest point of the measured temperature are located, and collecting measured values of the field temperature;
determining the communication relation among grids according to the actual building structure on site, simplifying the actual complex space into a simple space or performing dimension reduction treatment, simplifying the model and performing discretization treatment, and converting the computational aerodynamics problem into the conduction problem of airflow;
constructing temperature distribution maps of indoor areas of the transformer substation to be monitored and the switch station;
constructing a temperature distribution model of an indoor area, and calculating a temperature distribution relation of an indoor area environment on the basis of the model;
calculating boundary conditions and initial conditions of the obtained temperature distribution model;
correcting the error of the model by comparing with the measured temperature of the temperature measuring point;
when the error between the calculation result and the temperature measurement result is greater than the error degree set by the error, adjusting the value of the calculation step length delta t for recalculation, and correcting the result;
the required numerical value result can be achieved by performing correction calculation for 2-3 times, and the requirements of real-time calculation and control are met;
and according to the modified temperature distribution model or the temperature distribution relation, performing temperature control on indoor areas of the transformer substation to be monitored and the switch station.
2. A method for remote monitoring of the environment of substations and switchyards according to claim 1, characterized in that the connectivity between the grids is determined according to the building layout in the building premises.
3. A method for remote monitoring of the environment of substations and switchyards according to claim 2, characterised in that it is determined whether two adjacent grids are connected or not according to the building layout in the building room, whether building partitions or walls are present between the grid cells or not.
4. The method for remotely monitoring the environment of the transformer substation and the switch station according to claim 1, wherein the temperature distribution model is a Navier-Stroke equation meeting a 1-dimensional condition.
5. The method for remotely monitoring the environment of the transformer substation and the switchyard according to claim 4, wherein the Navier-Stroke equation u (x, t) is expressed as follows:
<mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>&part;</mo> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>&part;</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>&part;</mo> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>&part;</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
where u (X, t) is a binary function of temperature with respect to the X-axis (direction of airflow propagation) and time;is the partial derivative of u (x, t) with respect to t,is the partial derivative of u (X, t) with respect to X, X being the distance from the initial position in the direction of propagation of the gas flow, in meters, and t being the propagation of the waveBroadcasting time, with seconds as a unit; c is the propagation velocity in m/s.
6. A method for remote monitoring of the environment of substations and switchyards according to claim 5, characterized in that the X-axis is the direction of air flow output or the direction of air flow propagation of the air conditioning unit.
7. A method for remote monitoring of the environment of substations and switchyards according to claim 1, characterized in that the discretization is carried out according to the following steps:
starting from the definition of the partial derivatives, obtainingAndof discrete formula
<mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>&part;</mo> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>&part;</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&ap;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
<mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>&part;</mo> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>&part;</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&ap;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Wherein, the step length of the extreme form is delta x, delta t, when the step length of the extreme form is very small,andcan be replaced by the above two groups of formulas to form the following equations
<mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Differential forms from which the above equations can be derived
<mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>cu</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mfrac> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Can be calculated by the following formulaValue of (A)
<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>cu</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Wherein,for numerical solution, n, n +1 is a serial number of two adjacent intervals of a calculation step length, and i, i +1 is two adjacent discrete coordinates of an x coordinate axis; finally, a one-dimensional simplified formula of the Navier-Stroke equation is obtained.
8. The method for remotely monitoring the environment of the transformer substation and the switch station according to claim 1, wherein when the boundary conditions and the initial conditions are calculated, the boundary conditions of a one-dimensional simplified formula of a Navier-Stroke equation are substituted by the temperature of the existing temperature measuring point, wherein the boundary conditions comprise the temperature u of an air outlet of an air conditioner0And the measured temperature u of other temperature measuring pointsiAnd calculating a numerical solution of the conduction velocity of the airflow in the x-axis direction, and calculating the estimated temperature of the point according to the conduction velocity of the airflow so as to prepare for correcting the calculation step length in the next step.
9. A method for remote monitoring of the environment of substations and switchyards according to claim 8, characterised in that the air-conditioning outlet temperature u0Obtained from actual temperature sensor measurements.
10. A method for remote monitoring of the environment of substations and switchyards according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step of correcting the model error by comparison with the measured temperature of the temperature measuring points, the model error is corrected by comparison with the measured temperature of the temperature measuring points, the simulation calculation is normally performed when the error is smaller than a predetermined value, and the step length of each simulation interval is shortened when the error exceeds a set upper limit.
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