CN106648226A - 一种透明压力传感器及其压阻式材料的制作方法 - Google Patents

一种透明压力传感器及其压阻式材料的制作方法 Download PDF

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CN106648226A
CN106648226A CN201611124398.5A CN201611124398A CN106648226A CN 106648226 A CN106648226 A CN 106648226A CN 201611124398 A CN201611124398 A CN 201611124398A CN 106648226 A CN106648226 A CN 106648226A
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刘诗雨
陆建钢
谢汉萍
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种透明压力传感器及其压阻式材料的制作方法,涉及压力传感领域,包括压阻式材料层、导电电极层和衬底层,压阻式材料层由掩埋有导电纳米颗粒的不导电高分子薄膜构成,由导电纳米颗粒、不导电高分子薄膜和可较好分散导电纳米颗粒与不导电高分子薄膜的溶剂经搅拌、镀膜、热蒸干制成,导电电极层分为上下两层,分别位于压阻式材料层的上下表面,衬底层也分为上下两层,分别位于导电电极层的上下表面。本发明所述的透明压力传感器具备灵敏度高、透明度高、线性度好、制作材料和工艺简单等优点,将其应用于触摸屏替代现有的传感器间绝缘层,可不改变传统触控面板工艺制程,可继承性好,成本低廉。

Description

一种透明压力传感器及其压阻式材料的制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及压力传感领域,尤其涉及一种高灵敏度高透明度的压力传感器及其压阻式材料的制作方法。
背景技术
近来,压力传感技术已逐渐被应用于手机(如iPhone 6s)等消费性电子产品之中,其能够提供传统触摸位置以外的第三个维度,为用户带来新的触控体验。现有的压力传感技术主要分为三类:压电式、压容式、压阻式。其中压电式传感器无法探测持续的动态压力,压容式传感器灵敏度低、抗干扰性能差,而压阻式传感器多不透明,且所需材料和工艺制程复杂,成本高昂。
因此,本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种透明压力传感器,并且具有高灵敏度、高透明度等特点。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的缺陷,本发明提供了一种透明压力传感器,包括压阻式材料层、导电电极层和衬底层,所述压阻式材料层是由不导电的高分子薄膜构成,所述高分子薄膜内部均匀混合有导电纳米材料;所述压阻式材料层包括第一压阻式材料层和第二压阻式材料层,在无压力时,所述第一压阻式材料层和第二压阻式材料层之间保持间隙;所述导电电极层包括第一导电电极层和第二导电电极层,所述第一导电电极层设置在所述第一压阻式材料层与所述间隙相对的另一侧,所述第二导电电极层设置在所述第二压阻式材料层与所述间隙相对的另一侧;所述衬底层包括第一衬底层和第二衬底层,所述第一衬底层设置在所述第一导电电极层与所述间隙相对的另一侧,所述第二衬底层设置在所述第二导电电极层与所述间隙相对的另一侧。
进一步地,所述导电纳米材料为棒状材料或球状材料。
进一步地,所述高分子薄膜为透明高分子聚合物。
进一步地,所述导电纳米材料的尺寸大于不导电的高分子薄膜的厚度,所述导电纳米材料在所述高分子薄膜中形成贯穿结构且相互之间无搭接。
进一步地,所述第一压阻式材料层或第二压阻式材料层的结构为双层、单层或者多层。
进一步地,所述导电电极层为透明金属氧化物、透明有机高分子材料或者无机物材料。
进一步地,所述衬底层为柔性材料或者硬质材料。
本发明还提供了一种压阻式材料层的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将导电纳米材料、不导电的高分子材料和溶剂混合,搅拌3h至均匀;
步骤2、将所述压阻式材料层镀膜在衬底层上;
步骤3、加热至80℃,烘干15min。
进一步地,所述溶剂为有机溶剂或无机溶剂。
进一步地,所述导电纳米材料为银纳米线,所述不导电的高分子材料为PVB,所述溶剂为无水乙醇,所述镀膜方法为滚涂。
本发明公开了一种透明压力传感器及其压阻式材料的制作方法,包括压阻式材料层、导电电极层和衬底层,压阻式材料层由掩埋有导电纳米颗粒的不导电高分子薄膜构成,由导电纳米颗粒、不导电高分子薄膜和可较好分散导电纳米颗粒与不导电高分子薄膜的溶剂经搅拌、镀膜、热蒸干制成,导电电极层分为上下两层,分别位于压阻式材料层的上下表面,衬底层也分为上下两层,分别位于导电电极层的上下表面。本发明所述的透明压力传感器具备灵敏度高、透明度高、线性度好、制作材料和工艺简单等优点,将其应用于触摸屏替代现有的传感器间绝缘层,可不改变传统触控面板工艺制程,可继承性好,成本低廉。
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明,以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个较佳具体实施例的压阻式材料的示意图。
图2是本发明的一个较佳具体实施例的压力传感器结构图;
具体实施方式
图1为本发明的一个较佳具体实施例的压阻式材料的示意图,从图中可以看出,本发明提出的一种压阻式材料层1,是一种混合有导电纳米材料10的不导电高分子薄膜11。导电纳米材料10均匀分散于不导电高分子薄膜11中。通过调节导电纳米材料10在不导电高分子薄膜11中的浓度,可使导电纳米材料10相互之间并无搭接,使得平行薄膜方向无导电性;通过选择导电纳米材料10的尺寸(棒状的长度或者球状的直径)令其大于不导电高分子薄膜11的厚度,可使导电纳米材料10贯穿不导电高分子薄膜11,使得垂直薄膜方向有导电性。导电纳米材料10可以是棒状,也可以是球状。不导电高分子薄膜11应为透明聚合物。因为导电纳米材料10比较稀疏,且不导电高分子薄膜11本身透明,因此薄膜透明度较高。本实施例中,导电纳米材料10选为棒状的银纳米线,其长度约为10微米,直径约为80纳米,不导电高分子薄膜11选为透明聚合物PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛),其膜厚约为1.5微米,导电纳米材料10在不导电高分子薄膜11中的浓度约为重量比5.4%。
压阻式材料层1的制备过程如下:将导电纳米材料10、不导电高分子薄膜11和溶剂12(图中未示出)混合,搅拌3h至均匀,镀膜,80℃加热15min烘干。其中溶剂12应选取能够较好分散导电纳米材料10和溶解不导电高分子薄膜11的溶剂,可以为有机溶剂,也可以为无机溶剂。镀膜制程可以为滚涂、旋涂、喷涂或者打印,镀膜厚度根据需要选择,但厚度越大,透明度越低,制成的压力传感器灵敏度越高。本实施例中,溶剂选为有机溶剂无水乙醇,镀膜制程选为滚涂。
图2是本发明的一个较佳具体实施例的压力传感器结构图,从图中可以看出,本发明提出的一种高灵敏度高透明度压力传感器,包括第一压阻式材料层200和第二压阻式材料层201、第一导电电极层210和第二导电电极层211、第一衬底层220和第二衬底层221。第一压阻式材料层200和第二压阻式材料层201是由混合由导电纳米材料10的不导电高分子薄膜11构成,第一导电电极层210和第二导电电极层211分为上下两层,分别位于第一压阻式材料层200和第二压阻式材料层201的上下表面,第一衬底层220和第二衬底层221也分为上下两层,分别位于第一导电电极层210和第二导电电极层211的上下表面。当没有压力23挤压时,第一压阻式材料层200和第二压阻式材料层201之间无导电通道,因此由第一导电电极层210和第二导电电极层211量出的电阻趋向于无穷大;当有较小压力23挤压时,第一压阻式材料层200和第二压阻式材料层201中的一些导电纳米材料10接触形成导电通路,但因为接触不甚紧密,且出现接触的导电纳米材料10较少,因此由第一导电电极层210和第二导电电极层211量出的电阻依然较大;当有较大压力23挤压时,第一压阻式材料层200和第二压阻式材料层201中的导电纳米材料10紧密接触,接触电阻大大减小,且出现接触的导电纳米材料10较多,因此由第一导电电极层210和第二导电电极层211量出的电阻较小。由此,第一导电电极层210和第二导电电极层211之间的电阻随着施加的压力23大小而改变,该压力传感器可探测多级压力大小。其中第一导电电极层210和第二导电电极层211可以是同一种材料,也可以分别是不同材料,可以是透明金属氧化物,也可以是透明有机导电高分子材料,或者是其他无机物材料。第一衬底层220和第二衬底层221可以是同一种材料,也可以分别是不同材料,可以是硬质材料,也可以是柔性材料。第一压阻式材料层200和第二压阻式材料层201可以是双层,也可以是单层,或者是多层。在本实施例中,第一导电电极层210和第二导电电极层211都选为透明金属氧化物ITO(铟锡氧化物),第一衬底层220和第二衬底层221都选为柔性材料PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯),第一压阻式材料层200和第二压阻式材料层201选为双层。
本领域技术人员应该理解,本发明不仅仅限于优选的具体实施例的设置,在另外一些优选实施例中导电纳米材料10可选为除银纳米线以外的其他棒状结构,如碳纳米管,还可以为球状结构,如金属颗粒、富勒烯等;不导电高分子薄膜11可以选为除PVB以外的其他透明高分子聚合物,如PVA(聚乙烯醇)等;溶剂12可以选为除无水乙醇以外的其他有机物溶剂,如丙酮等,也可以为无机物溶剂,如水等;镀膜制程可选为除滚涂以外的其他工艺,如旋涂、喷涂、打印等;传感器结构可以选为除双层以外的其他结构,如单层或者多层;第一导电电极层210和第二导电电极层211可以选为除ITO以外的其他透明金属氧化物或者透明导电高分子材料,如PEDOT(聚乙烯二氧噻吩)等,还可以为无机物材料,如金属网格、银纳米线、石墨烯和碳纳米管等;第一衬底层220和第二衬底层221可以选为除PET以外的其他柔性材料或者硬质材料,如玻璃。
本发明提出的压力传感器灵敏度高、透明度高、线性度好、所需材料和工艺简单,将该压力传感器应用于触摸屏替代现有的传感器间绝缘层,可不改变传统触控面板工艺制程,可继承性好,成本低廉,因此适合大面积推广。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种透明压力传感器,其特征在于,包括压阻式材料层、导电电极层和衬底层,所述压阻式材料层是由不导电的高分子薄膜构成,所述高分子薄膜内部均匀混合有导电纳米材料;所述压阻式材料层包括第一压阻式材料层和第二压阻式材料层,在无压力时,所述第一压阻式材料层和第二压阻式材料层之间保持间隙;所述导电电极层包括第一导电电极层和第二导电电极层,所述第一导电电极层设置在所述第一压阻式材料层与所述间隙相对的另一侧,所述第二导电电极层设置在所述第二压阻式材料层与所述间隙相对的另一侧;所述衬底层包括第一衬底层和第二衬底层,所述第一衬底层设置在所述第一导电电极层与所述间隙相对的另一侧,所述第二衬底层设置在所述第二导电电极层与所述间隙相对的另一侧。
2.如权利要求1所述的透明压力传感器,其特征在于,所述导电纳米材料为棒状材料或球状材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的透明压力传感器,其特征在于,所述高分子薄膜为透明高分子聚合物。
4.如权利要求1所述的透明压力传感器,其特征在于,所述导电纳米材料的尺寸大于不导电的高分子薄膜的厚度,所述导电纳米材料在所述高分子薄膜中形成贯穿结构且相互之间无搭接。
5.如权利要求1所述的透明压力传感器,其特征在于,所述第一压阻式材料层或第二压阻式材料层的结构为单层、双层或者多层。
6.如权利要求1所述的透明压力传感器,其特征在于,所述导电电极层为透明金属氧化物、透明有机高分子材料或者无机物材料。
7.如权利要求1所述的透明压力传感器,其特征在于,所述衬底层为柔性材料或者硬质材料。
8.一种压阻式材料层的制作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将导电纳米材料、不导电的高分子材料和溶剂混合,搅拌3h至均匀;
步骤2、将所述压阻式材料层镀膜在衬底层上;
步骤3、加热至80℃,烘干15min。
9.如权利要求8所述的压阻式材料层的制作方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为有机溶剂或无机溶剂。
10.如权利要求8所述的压阻式材料层的制作方法,其特征在于,所述导电纳米材料为银纳米线,所述不导电的高分子材料为PVB,所述溶剂为无水乙醇,所述镀膜方法为滚涂。
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