CN106644835B - The measurement device and method of chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under different hydraulic gradients - Google Patents
The measurement device and method of chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under different hydraulic gradients Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the measurement devices and method of the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under a kind of different hydraulic gradients, the device includes telescope support, the measurement device main body case for holding test soil sample and the liquid supply box for holding Chloride Solution, measurement device main body case bottom is equipped with liquid collection opening, top pressure closure is set at the top of measurement device main body case, liquid supply box is arranged on telescope support, and liquid supply box is connected to measurement device main body case by hose；First, filling tests soil sample and uses tap water leaching in measurement device main body case, after testing soil sample saturation, Chloride Solution is injected liquid supply box, adjusts telescope support height by the top pressure closure on measurement device main body box cover, to reach the hydraulic gradient of setting, then, Chloride Solution is injected to test soil sample by hose, the filtrate for finally collecting liquid collection opening carries out analyzing the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient determined under the water conservancy gradient.Compared with prior art, the configuration of the present invention is simple, measurement result are accurate and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurement devices and method of a kind of chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient, more particularly, to a kind of different water
The measurement device and method of chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under force gradient.
Background technique
With the development of society, more and more more river sea shield tunnels investment construction, use, as Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel,
Bohai Sea Gulf Sea-Crossing Passage, Qiongzhou Strait seabed tunnel etc..
On tunnel overburden layer wash away, the unfavorable factors such as treatment technology for tunnel seepage, all chloride ion can be made to penetrate into high pressure seepage water
Section of jurisdiction meets water native face, and the multiple diseases such as the corrosion of shield tunnel track bolt, elastic sealing gasket and lining concrete corrosion is caused to produce
It is raw, the service performance in tunnel is seriously affected, so that tunnel structure is not reached design reference period needs overhaul, substantial contribution is both wasted,
The normal use for influencing tunnel again, shortens maintenance period and service life, traffic safety in tunnel can be also threatened when serious.Such as
Fruit administers the disease in tunnel not in time, liner structure can be made to cause further to damage, or even scrap tunnel.Therefore exist
When design and construction newly built tunnels, as can grasping the migration rule of chloride ion in upper overburden layer, then corresponding prevention can be taken to arrange
It applies, the generation of such disease can be reduced, improve safety of structure, reduce maintenance cost.
It is different from general subaqueous tunnel, the more tunnel Jiang Hai local environment shows as high hydraulic pressure erosion environment, with Qiongzhou Strait
For, maximum water depth reaches 200m, and when seabed tunnel buried depth is 10m, hydraulic gradient reaches 20:1.According to Darcy's law, seepage flow
Water speed rate is directly proportional to hydraulic gradient, and high hydraulic gradient accelerates chloride ion migration, therefore for shield under high hydraulic gradient environment
The chloride ion migration rule research of overburden layer is extremely urgent on structure tunnel.
Model test is to solve complex engineering problems and the essential means of theoretical question that study science, by difference
Chloride ion migration rule under hydraulic gradient is studied, and the relationship of the hydraulic gradient spread vertical with chloride ion is established, and is real
Chloride ion migration rule in the engineering of border under different working conditions provides reference frame.The measurement of chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient is
Study one of the most effectual way of chloride ion Vertical movement rule.Traditional chloride ion vertical proliferation device section and height are solid
Fixed, solution usage is larger, and moisture is volatile during test, causes solution solubility to rise, to cause error to test；Together
When device side wall and soil sample hole it is larger, easily there is " short stream " phenomenon, solution is mixed from seepage flow from side wall hole and normal filtration liquid
It closes, causes test error even test failure.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of different hydraulic gradients
Under chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient measurement device and method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
It is a kind of difference hydraulic gradient under chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient measurement device, the device include for hold examination
It tests the measurement device main body case of soil sample and holds the liquid supply box of Chloride Solution, the measurement device main body case bottom is equipped with
Liquid collection opening, the device further include telescope support, and top pressure closure, the liquid supply box is arranged at the top of the measurement device main body case
It is arranged on telescope support, the liquid supply box measurement device main body case described by hose connection, the hose passes through
The top pressure closure setting；
Firstly, filling tests soil sample and uses tap water leaching in measurement device main body case, after test soil sample saturation,
Chloride Solution is injected liquid supply box, telescope support height is adjusted, to reach by top pressure closure on measurement device main body box cover
Then the hydraulic gradient of setting injects Chloride Solution to test soil sample by hose, the filtrate for finally collecting liquid collection opening carries out
Analyze the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient determined under the water conservancy gradient.
The measurement device main body case is cylindrical tube, and the cylindrical tube bottom is double-layer cavity structure,
Its inner cavity is uni-flow vat, and exocoel is diversion channel, and the shunting trench bottom is sealed by annular seal bottom cover, point
Diffluence pass is arranged in chute side wall, and porous bottom cover is arranged in the fair current trench bottom, and liquid collection opening is arranged in below the uni-flow vat
And with the uni-flow vat sealed set.
The liquid collection opening is funnel-form, and liquid collection opening large diameter end and the uni-flow vat are tightly connected.
The uni-flow vat and diversion channel fills up quartz sand, and the test soil sample is arranged above quartz sand and passes through
Geotextile separates quartz sand and test soil sample.
The top pressure closure is equipped with drain tap.
The top pressure closure is connect by flange-interface with the measurement device main body case.
The liquid supply box is equipped with the draining valve for keeping solution head height in liquid supply box.
There is one layer of oil reservoir on the Chloride Solution held in the liquid supply box.
A kind of measuring method of the measurement device using the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under above-mentioned different hydraulic gradients, should
Method includes the following steps:
(1) quartz sand is filled up in the uni-flow vat and diversion channel of measurement device main body case bottom, soil is laid on quartz sand
Work fabric；
(2) it will test above the geotextile in soil sample filling measurement device main body case, carry out leaching with tap water, determine
Test soil sample saturation；
(3) top pressure closure and measurement device main body case being tightly connected, hose connects measurement device main body case and liquid supply box,
Chloride Solution is injected into liquid supply box, opens the drain tap on top pressure closure, and then inject into liquid supply box by hose
Chloride Solution, while air is discharged drain tap；
(4) drain tap is closed after air discharge in measurement device main body case, adjust telescope support height to setting value,
One layer of oil reservoir is covered in liquid supply box on Chloride Solution, open draining valve and supplements Chloride Solution into liquid supply box in time,
So that Chloride Solution head height is kept constant in liquid supply box；
(5) filtrate for collecting liquid collection opening carries out filtrate to analyze the chloride ion vertical proliferation system determined under the water conservancy gradient
Number；
Step (1)~(5) are repeated, and telescope support height adjustment is different numerical value in step (4), to obtain different water
Chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under force gradient.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
(1) liquid supply box is connected to by the present invention by hose with measurement device main body case, to pass through hose to test soil sample
Middle injection Chloride Solution reduces the dosage of Chloride Solution, has saved resource using flow characteristics；
(2) present invention setting telescope support can change the height of liquid supply box by adjusting the height of telescope support, from
And the convenient measurement to the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under different hydraulic gradients；
(3) diversion channel and uni-flow vat is arranged in measurement device main body case bottom in the present invention, will be in diversion channel and uni-flow vat
Percolate isolation is determined by the analysis that the filtrate in smooth slot carries out chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient, to eliminate side wall
Influence of the short flow phenomenon to measurement result, measurement result are accurate and reliable；
(4) present invention is covering one layer of oil reservoir in liquid supply box on Chloride Solution, eliminates during testing due to water
Divide volatilization, causes solution solubility to rise, thus the problem of causing error to test；
(5) draining valve that the present invention is arranged makes the solution height in liquid supply box remain constant altitude, thus
Hydraulic gradient is kept constant in the continuous mode of the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under a certain hydraulic gradient, guarantees measurement result
Reliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the measurement device of the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under the different hydraulic gradients of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the smooth slot in measurement device main body case of the present invention bottom and shunting groove location horizontal direction cross-sectional view；
Fig. 3 is chloride ion breakthrough curve in embodiment.
In figure, 1 is liquid supply box, and 2 be hose, and 3 be measurement device main body case, and 4 be test soil sample, and 5 be geotextile, and 6 are
Uni-flow vat, 7 be diversion channel, and 8 be quartz sand, and 9 be porous bottom cover, and 10 be sealing bottom cover, and 11 be liquid collection opening, and 12 be diffluence pass, 13
It is top pressure closure for drain tap, 14,15 be flange-interface, and 16 be telescope support, and 17 be oil reservoir, and 18 be draining valve.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of measurement device of the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under difference hydraulic gradient, the device include
For holding the measurement device main body case 3 of test soil sample 4 and holding the liquid supply box 1 of Chloride Solution, held in liquid supply box 1
There is one layer of oil reservoir 17 on Chloride Solution, 3 bottom of measurement device main body case is equipped with liquid collection opening 11, which further includes telescope support
16, top pressure closure 14 is set at the top of measurement device main body case 3, and top pressure closure 14 is equipped with drain tap 13, and top pressure closure 14 is logical
It crosses flange-interface 15 to connect with measurement device main body case 3, measurement device main body case 3 is arranged on telescope support 16, and liquid supply box 1 is logical
It crosses hose 2 and is connected to measurement device main body case 3, hose 2 is arranged across top pressure closure 14；Firstly, being filled out in measurement device main body case 3
Enter to test soil sample 4 and use tap water leaching, after test soil sample 4 is saturated, covers top pressure closure on measurement device main body case 3
14, Chloride Solution is injected into liquid supply box 1, adjusts 16 height of telescope support, to reach the hydraulic gradient of setting, then, is led to
It crosses hose 2 and injects Chloride Solution to test soil sample 4, the filtrate for finally collecting liquid collection opening 11, which analyze, determines the water conservancy gradient
Under chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient.
Measurement device main body case 3 is cylindrical tube, and cylindrical tube bottom is double-layer cavity structure, and inner cavity is fair current
Slot 6, exocoel are diversion channel 7, and 7 bottom of diversion channel is sealed by annular seal bottom cover 10, and diffluence pass is arranged in 7 side wall of diversion channel
12,6 bottom of uni-flow vat is arranged porous bottom cover 9, liquid collection opening 11 be arranged in below the uni-flow vat 6 and with the uni-flow vat 6
Sealed set.Liquid collection opening 11 is funnel-form, and 11 large diameter end of liquid collection opening and uni-flow vat 6 are tightly connected.Uni-flow vat 6 and diversion channel 7
Quartz sand 8 is filled up, test soil sample 4 is arranged above quartz sand 8 and divides quartz sand 8 and test soil sample 4 by geotextile 5
Every.It is illustrated in figure 27 position horizontal direction cross-sectional view of the smooth slot 6 in 3 bottom of measurement device main body case and diversion channel, it can from figure
With find out 7 horizontal direction section of diversion channel for annular, 6 horizontal direction section of uni-flow vat is circle, and annular central point and
The circular center of circle is overlapped.
In addition, liquid supply box 1 is equipped with the draining valve 18 for keeping solution head height in liquid supply box 1, when liquid supply box 1
In solution height reach 18 height of draining valve when, solution from draining valve 18 be discharged, and then in liquid case Chloride Solution protect
It holds in setting height, while filling into Chloride Solution into liquid supply box 1 in time, in practical measurement process, due in liquid supply box 1
The speed for flowing into the solution in measurement device main body case 3 is very slow, therefore solution height decrease speed is very slow, under normal conditions can be with
It ignores, therefore at regular intervals, observes that liquid supply box 1 leads to liquid height when decreased significantly, feed in liquid supply box 1 in time
Solution.
Liquid supply box 1 and measurement device main body case 3 can be observed clearly in test using high-intensitive organic glass production
Trystate.
A kind of measuring method of the measurement device using the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under above-mentioned different hydraulic gradients, should
Method includes the following steps:
(1) quartz sand 8 is filled up in the uni-flow vat 6 and diversion channel 7 of 3 bottom of measurement device main body case, on 8 upper berth of quartz sand
If geotextile 5；
(2) it will test above the geotextile 5 that soil sample 4 is inserted in measurement device main body case 3, carry out leaching with tap water,
Determine test 4 earth of soil sample saturation；
(3) top pressure closure 14 and measurement device main body case 3 are tightly connected, hose 2 connects measurement device main body case 3 and supplies
Liquid case 1, injects Chloride Solution into liquid supply box 1, opens the drain tap 13 on top pressure closure 14, so by hose 2 to
Chloride Solution is injected in liquid supply box 1, while air is discharged drain tap 13；
(4) drain tap 13 is closed after air discharge in measurement device main body case 3, adjusts 16 height of telescope support to setting
Value covers one layer of oil reservoir 17 in liquid supply box 1 on Chloride Solution, open draining valve 18 and supplement in time into liquid supply box 1
Chloride Solution, so that Chloride Solution head height is kept constant in liquid supply box 1；
(5) filtrate for collecting liquid collection opening 11 carries out filtrate to analyze the chloride ion vertical proliferation determined under the water conservancy gradient
Coefficient carries out water quality test to filtrate with ICS-1000 type ion chromatograph, measures the concentration of Chloride Ion In Water, utilize experiment
Data obtain chloride ion vertical proliferation system by being fitted to solute breakthrough curve (Breakthrough curve, BTC)
Number.The parsing of one semo-infinite soil column leaching sees below formula:
In formula: βmForPositive root, C be collect liquid collection opening filtrate chloride ion
Solubility, g/mL；C0For chloride ion solubility in test soil sample, g/mL；CsFor the chloride ion solubility of the Chloride Solution in liquid supply box,
g/mL；L is test 4 total height of soil sample, cm；D is chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient, cm2/s；V is average pore water flow velocity, cm/
s；T is time of measuring, s；RdFor retardation coefficient.
Step (1)~(5) are repeated, and 16 height adjustment of telescope support is different numerical value in step (4), to obtain difference
Chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under hydraulic gradient.
Testing soil sample is Songjiang District in Shanghai City's 4. layer silt clay, dry density 1.86g/cm3, porosity 0.512.?
Quartz sand 8 is put into uni-flow vat 6 and diversion channel 7, geotextile 5 is then spread in compacting leveling, and above-mentioned soil to be measured is placed in layering
Earth sample is put into test soil sample of the invention 4 casees 3, and guarantees that earth pillar inside is closely knit, is then carried out leaching with tap water, is determined
Soil saturation, 6 diameter 29cm of bottom uni-flow vat are tested, soil pattern then passes through flange-interface 15 having a size of Φ 45cm × 5cm
Liquor box and top pressure closure 14 are connected and fixed, and guarantee leakproofness, liquid supply box 1 and liquor box are connected by hose 2, toward feed flow
3%NaCl solution is inputted in case 1, opens drain tap 13, is full of solution to liquor box, while air in liquor box all being arranged
Out, drain tap 13 is closed, liquid supply box 1 is placed on telescoping shoring column 16, it is high to adjust the adjustment liquid supply box 1 of telescoping shoring column 16
Degree, adds one layer of oil reservoir 17 in 1 superjacent of liquid supply box, opens draining valve 18, liquid level is maintained at fixed height, head is high
Degree is 0.75m, hydraulic gradient 15:1, and chloride ion breakthrough curve (BTC) after 45 days is as shown in figure 3, quasi- using CXTFIT software
Closing and obtaining the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient of Songjiang District in Shanghai City under the conditions of hydraulic gradient is 15 4. layer silt clay is 5.023
×10-6cm2/s。
Claims (7)
1. a kind of measurement device of the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under difference hydraulic gradient, the device include for holding test
The measurement device main body case (3) of soil sample (4) and the liquid supply box (1) for holding Chloride Solution, the measurement device main body case
(3) bottom is equipped with liquid collection opening (11), which is characterized in that the device further includes telescope support (16), the measurement device main body
Top pressure closure (14) are set at the top of case (3), the top pressure closure (14) passes through flange-interface (15) and the measurement device
Main body case (3) connection, the liquid supply box (1) are arranged on telescope support (16), and the liquid supply box (1) passes through hose (2)
The connection measurement device main body case (3), the hose (2) pass through the top pressure closure (14) and are arranged, the survey
Determining apparatus main body case (3) is cylindrical tube, and the cylindrical tube bottom is double-layer cavity structure, and inner cavity is uni-flow vat
(6), exocoel is diversion channel (7), and the diversion channel (7) bottom is sealed by annular seal bottom cover (10), point
Diffluence pass (12) are arranged in chute (7) side wall, and porous bottom cover (9) is arranged in the uni-flow vat (6) bottom, and liquid collection opening (11) setting exists
Below the uni-flow vat (6) and with described uni-flow vat (6) sealed set；
Firstly, filling tests soil sample (4) and uses tap water leaching in measurement device main body case (3), test soil sample (4) saturation
Afterwards, it is covered on measurement device main body case (3) top pressure closure (14), Chloride Solution is injected into liquid supply box (1), adjust flexible branch
Frame (16) height, thus reach the hydraulic gradient of setting, it is then, molten to test soil sample (4) injection chloride ion by hose (2)
Liquid, the filtrate for finally collecting liquid collection opening (11) carry out analyzing the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient determined under the hydraulic gradient.
2. the measurement device of the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under a kind of different hydraulic gradients according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the liquid collection opening (11) is funnel-form, and liquid collection opening (11) large diameter end and the uni-flow vat (6), which seal, to be connected
It connects.
3. the measurement device of the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under a kind of different hydraulic gradients according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the uni-flow vat (6) and diversion channel (7) fill up quartz sand (8), and the test soil sample (4) is arranged in stone
Separate above sand (8) and by geotextile (5) by quartz sand (8) and test soil sample (4).
4. the measurement device of the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under a kind of different hydraulic gradients according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the top pressure closure (14) is equipped with drain tap (13).
5. the measurement device of the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under a kind of different hydraulic gradients according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the liquid supply box (1) is equipped with the draining valve (18) for keeping solution head height in liquid supply box (1).
6. the measurement device of the chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under a kind of different hydraulic gradients according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that thering is one layer of oil reservoir (17) on the Chloride Solution held in the liquid supply box (1).
7. a kind of chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient using under different hydraulic gradients as described in any one of claims 1 to 6
The measuring method of measurement device, which is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
(1) quartz sand (8) are filled up in the uni-flow vat (6) and diversion channel (7) of measurement device main body case (3) bottom, in quartz sand
(8) laying geotextile (5) on；
(2) it will test above the geotextile (5) in soil sample (4) filling measurement device main body case (3), be drenched with tap water
Filter determines test soil sample (4) saturation；
(3) top pressure closure (14) and measurement device main body case (3) are tightly connected, hose (2) connects measurement device main body case (3)
The drain tap (13) on top pressure closure (14) is opened, in turn to Chloride Solution is injected in liquid supply box (1) with liquid supply box (1)
Chloride Solution is injected into liquid supply box (1) by hose (2), while air is discharged drain tap (13)；
(4) drain tap (13) are closed after air discharge in measurement device main body case (3), adjusts telescope support (16) highly to setting
Definite value covers one layer of oil reservoir (17) in liquid supply box (1) on Chloride Solution, open draining valve (18) and in time to liquid supply box
(1) Chloride Solution is supplemented in, so that Chloride Solution head height is kept constant in liquid supply box (1)；
(5) filtrate for collecting liquid collection opening (11) carries out filtrate to analyze the chloride ion vertical proliferation system determined under the hydraulic gradient
Number；
Step (1)~(5) are repeated, and telescope support (16) height adjustment is different numerical value in step (4), to obtain different water
Chloride ion vertical proliferation coefficient under force gradient.
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| CN107192640B (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2023-10-03 | 广西路桥工程集团有限公司 | Concrete soaking test device |
| CN110501274B (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2022-02-11 | 重庆大学 | Device for testing permeability of chloride ions at reinforcing steel bar-concrete interface and testing method based on device |
| CN113155701B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-11-08 | 温州大学 | Bentonite penetration-diffusion-expansive force combined test device and test method thereof |
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