CN106641130B - Planetary two-gear driving device and two-gear driving method thereof - Google Patents

Planetary two-gear driving device and two-gear driving method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106641130B
CN106641130B CN201710088346.5A CN201710088346A CN106641130B CN 106641130 B CN106641130 B CN 106641130B CN 201710088346 A CN201710088346 A CN 201710088346A CN 106641130 B CN106641130 B CN 106641130B
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China
Prior art keywords
gear
planetary
way clutch
output
sun gear
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CN106641130A (en
Inventor
郭克亚
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Guangdong Xinfang Technology Co ltd
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Guangdong Xinfang Technology Co ltd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2038—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with three engaging means

Abstract

The invention discloses a planetary two-gear driving device, which comprises a support, a motor, a planetary gear train, a first one-way clutch and a second one-way clutch, wherein a planetary gear is rotatably arranged on the support, and an inner gear ring and a sun gear are respectively meshed with the planetary gear; the sun gear is fixedly connected with the rotor, the planet carrier is connected with the sun gear through a first one-way clutch, the annular gear is connected with the support through a second one-way clutch, the support is fixed, the stator is fixedly arranged on the support, the sun gear is used as an input element, the annular gear is used as an output element, and the planet carrier is used as a control element; the mechanical energy is generated by the forward/reverse rotation of the motor to do work so as to realize the two-gear driving output. The invention has simple structure, large transmission ratio, increased load capacity of the vehicle and obvious energy-saving effect. The invention can be used in the fields of electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric scooters and the like.

Description

Planetary two-gear driving device and two-gear driving method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planetary gear transmission and motors, in particular to a planetary two-gear driving device.
Background
The planetary gear train is an advanced gear transmission mechanism, and three independent transmission elements of an inner gear ring, a sun gear and a planet carrier in the planetary gear train are respectively used as a controlled element, an input element and an output element. However, when the driving force is to be changed over between different elements, a plurality of combinations of clutches and brakes are required, and the complex control mechanism is only applied to the automatic transmission of the fuel-fired automobile, but cannot be applied to the increasingly wide electric vehicles.
Among the existing automatic transmissions for automobiles, there are more common compound planetary gear mechanisms of the simpson type and the ravigneaux (ravigneaux) type. The main characteristic of the simpson planetary gear mechanism is that the two rows of planetary gear mechanisms share one sun gear, and the main characteristic of the ravigneaux planetary gear mechanism is that the two rows of planetary gear mechanisms share one gear ring. In order to meet the running demand of the vehicle, it is necessary to construct a multi-speed transmission by different combinations of a plurality of clutches, brakes, and one-way clutches from the driving force of the engine. Since the driving force of this technology requires a plurality of clutch switches, its internal structure and control method are very complex, and the volume and weight are large, so that its application range is greatly limited.
In recent years, a large amount of manpower and financial resources are input into the pure electric vehicle with new energy sources by the inside and outside of the industry, more products with superior performance are developed, and a transmission device of the pure electric vehicle is relatively simple and compact. In particular, in the field of electric vehicles driven in one direction, such as electric bicycles and electric motorcycles, the planetary gear transmission mechanism adopted in the technical field is relatively simple, and has a small transmission ratio range, so that the performance requirement on the driving motor is high, the driving motor must provide a sufficiently large driving force when the electric vehicle starts, and the driving motor must provide a sufficiently high rotating speed when the vehicle runs at a high speed, so that the driving motor works at a low efficiency most of the time, and the energy-saving effect is poor.
In summary, how to realize the best fit transmission between the motor and the planetary gear train needs to further develop a new transmission technology with better performance and lower cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a planetary two-gear driving device, which utilizes the alternate work of forward rotation and reverse rotation of a motor rotor, and automatically completes the switching of transmission routes in a planetary gear train through two one-way clutches to realize the two-gear output function.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the planetary two-gear driving device comprises a support, a motor, a planetary gear train, a first one-way clutch and a second one-way clutch, wherein the motor comprises a rotor and a stator, and the planetary gear train comprises an annular gear, a sun gear, a planet carrier and a plurality of planetary gears.
The planet gears are evenly distributed around the axis of the planet carrier and rotatably arranged on the planet carrier, the inner gear ring, the sun gear and the planet carrier are arranged on the same axis, and the inner gear ring and the sun gear are respectively meshed with the planet gears;
any one element of the sun gear and the annular gear is used as an input element, the other element is used as an output element, and the planet carrier is used as a control element; the input element is integrally or fixedly connected with the rotor, any two elements among the input element, the output element and the control element are connected through a first one-way clutch, the control element is connected with the bracket through a second one-way clutch, the stator is fixedly arranged on the bracket, the bracket is fixed, and the rotor is used as original driving force to generate mechanical energy to do work; when the input element is driven in the clockwise direction, the first one-way clutch is in an overrunning state, the second one-way clutch is in a locking state and prevents the control element from rotating in the clockwise direction, and the output element is driven in the anticlockwise direction and the input element in a variable speed manner; when the input element is driven in the anticlockwise direction, the second one-way clutch is in an overrunning state, the first one-way clutch is in a locking state, and the output element is synchronously driven with the input element in the anticlockwise direction.
The planetary two-gear driving device, wherein the sun gear is used as the input element and is integrally or fixedly connected with the rotor, any one of the inner gear ring and the planet carrier is engaged with the sun gear through a first one-way clutch, the planet carrier is used as the control element and is engaged with the support through a second one-way clutch, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch and the second one-way clutch are set in opposite directions, the support is fixed, the stator is fixedly mounted on the support, and the inner gear ring is used as the output element; when the input member is driven in the clockwise direction, the first one-way clutch is in an overrun state, the second one-way clutch is in a locked state and prevents the control member from rotating in the clockwise direction, and the output member rotates in the counterclockwise direction at a low speed; when the input element is driven in the anticlockwise direction, the second one-way clutch is in an overrunning state, the first one-way clutch is in a locking state, and the input element, the control element and the output element synchronously rotate in the anticlockwise direction; to achieve a two-gear drive.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the first one-way clutch and the second one-way clutch are respectively provided with a self-clutch function by speed change or rotation direction change of a driving part and a driven part; the driving part is set as an inner ring, and the driven part is set as an outer ring; or the driving part is set as the outer ring, and the driven part is set as the inner ring.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the rotor is arranged on the outer side of the stator and rotatably arranged on the support through a bearing, the inner ring of the first one-way clutch is fixedly connected with the rotor, the outer ring of the first one-way clutch is fixedly connected with the planet carrier, the inner ring of the second one-way clutch is fixedly connected with the support, the outer ring of the second one-way clutch is fixedly connected with the planet carrier, and the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch and the second one-way clutch are arranged in opposite directions.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the sun gear is used as the input element and is integrally or fixedly connected with the rotor, the annular gear and the planet carrier are connected through a first one-way clutch, the planet carrier is used as a control element and is connected with the support through a second one-way clutch, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch and the second one-way clutch are arranged in the same direction, and the annular gear is used as the output element.
The planetary two-gear driving device, wherein the annular gear is used as the input element and is integrally or fixedly connected with the rotor, any one of the sun gear and the planet carrier is engaged with the annular gear through a first one-way clutch, the planet carrier is used as the control element and is engaged with the support through a second one-way clutch, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch and the second one-way clutch are set in opposite directions, the support is fixed, the stator is fixedly mounted on the support, and the sun gear is used as the output element; when the input element is driven in the clockwise direction, the first one-way clutch is in an overrun state, the second one-way clutch is in a locked state and prevents the control element from rotating in the clockwise direction, and the output element rotates in the counterclockwise direction at a high speed; when the input element is driven in the anticlockwise direction, the second one-way clutch is in an overrunning state, the first one-way clutch is in a locking state, and the input element, the control element and the output element synchronously rotate in the anticlockwise direction; to achieve a two-gear drive.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the annular gear serves as the input element and is integrally or fixedly connected with the rotor, the sun gear and the planet carrier are connected through a first one-way clutch, the planet carrier serves as a control element and is connected with the support through a second one-way clutch, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch and the second one-way clutch are set in the same direction, and the sun gear serves as an output element.
In the planetary two-gear driving device, a permanent magnet is arranged on the rotor in the motor, the armature winding is arranged on the stator, and the rotor generates mechanical energy to do work.
In the planetary two-gear driving device, the armature winding is arranged on the rotor in the motor, the permanent magnet is arranged on the stator, and the rotor generates mechanical energy to do work.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the motor is set to be a driving wheel, and the driving wheel is used as the input element. Alternatively, the motor is provided as a drive shaft, which serves as the input element.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that a first one-way clutch is set as a first clutch; or the first one-way clutch is set as a one-way centrifugal clutch; or the second one-way clutch is set as the second clutch; or the first one-way clutch is set as a first clutch, and the second one-way clutch is set as a second clutch.
The first clutch is a first spur clutch.
The second clutch is a second spur clutch.
The planetary gear train further comprises second planetary gears, the number of the second planetary gears is the same as that of the planetary gears, the second planetary gears and the planetary gears are integrally or fixedly connected, the planetary gears and the second planetary gears are rotatably arranged on the planet carrier, any one of the planetary gears and the second planetary gears is meshed with the annular gear, and the other one is meshed with the sun gear.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that a plurality of planetary gears are evenly distributed around the axis of the planetary carrier and rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, second planetary gears which are the same as the planetary gears in number are also evenly distributed around the axis of the planetary carrier and rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the inner gear ring and the second planetary gears are respectively meshed with the planetary gears, and the sun gear is meshed with the second planetary gears; any one element of the sun gear and the planet carrier is used as the input element, the other element is used as the output element, and the annular gear is used as the control element; or any one element of the annular gear and the planet carrier is used as the input element, the other element is used as the output element, and the sun gear is used as the control element.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the rotor and the sun gear are integrally or fixedly connected, any one of the inner gear ring and the planet carrier is connected with the sun gear through a first one-way clutch, the inner gear ring is used as the control element and is connected with the support through a second one-way clutch, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch and the second one-way clutch are set in opposite directions, the support is fixed, the stator is fixedly installed on the support, the sun gear is used as the input element, and the planet carrier is used as the output element; when the input member is driven in the clockwise direction, the first one-way clutch is in an overrun state, the second one-way clutch is in a locked state and prevents the control member from rotating in the clockwise direction, and the output member rotates in the counterclockwise direction at a low speed; when the input element is driven in the anticlockwise direction, the second one-way clutch is in an overrunning state, the first one-way clutch is in a locking state, and the input element, the control element and the output element synchronously rotate in the anticlockwise direction; to achieve a two-gear drive.
The planetary gear train further comprises a second sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears are evenly distributed around the axis of the planet carrier and rotatably arranged on the planet carrier, the second planetary gears with the same number as the planetary gears are evenly distributed around the axis of the planet carrier and rotatably arranged on the planet carrier, the second sun gear and the sun gear are arranged in the same axis, the inner gear ring, the sun gear and the second planetary gears are respectively meshed with the planetary gears, and the second sun gear is meshed with the second planetary gears; any one element of the sun gear and the second sun gear is connected with the rotor through a first one-way clutch, the other element is connected with the rotor through a second one-way clutch, and the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch and the second one-way clutch are set in opposite directions; any one element of the annular gear and the planet carrier serves as the output element, the other element serves as the control element and is fixedly connected with the support, and the rotor serves as the input element.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the annular gear is omitted, a plurality of planetary gears are evenly distributed around the axis of the planetary carrier and rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, second planetary gears which are the same in number as the planetary gears are evenly distributed around the axis of the planetary carrier and rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the second sun gears are arranged on the same axis as the sun gears, the sun gears and the second planetary gears are respectively meshed with the planetary gears, and the second sun gears are meshed with the second planetary gears; any one element of the sun gear and the second sun gear is used as the input element, the other element is used as the output element, and the planet carrier is used as the control element; the rotor is integrally or fixedly connected with the input element, any two elements among the input element, the output element and the control element are connected through a first one-way clutch, the control element is connected with the bracket through a second one-way clutch, and the stator is fixedly arranged on the bracket.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the rotor and the sun gear are integrally or fixedly connected, any one of the two elements of the planet carrier and the second sun gear is engaged with the rotor through a first one-way clutch, the planet carrier is used as the control element and is engaged with the support through a second one-way clutch, the support is fixed, the stator is fixedly arranged on the support, the sun gear is used as the input element, and the second sun gear is used as the output element.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the annular gear is omitted, a second planetary gear and the planetary gear are arranged on the same axis and are integrally or fixedly connected, the planetary gear and the second planetary gear are rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the planetary carrier is fixedly connected on the rotor, the planetary gear is meshed with the sun gear, and the second planetary gear is meshed with the second sun gear; the planet carrier is used as the input element, any one of a second sun gear and the sun gear is used as the output element, and the other element is used as the control element; any two elements among the input element, the output element and the control element are connected through a first one-way clutch, the control element is connected with the bracket through a second one-way clutch, and the stator is fixedly arranged on the bracket.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that a second planetary gear and the planetary gear are arranged on the same axis, the two elements are integrally or fixedly connected, the planetary gear and the second planetary gear are rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the planetary carrier is fixedly connected on the rotor, the planetary gear is meshed with the sun gear, and the second planetary gear is meshed with the second sun gear; any one of the two elements of the sun gear and the second sun gear is engaged with the rotor through a first one-way clutch, the sun gear serves as the control element and is engaged with the carrier through a second one-way clutch, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch and the second one-way clutch are set in opposite directions, the carrier is fixed, the stator is fixedly mounted on the carrier, the carrier serves as the input element, and the second sun gear serves as the output element.
The planetary two-gear driving device, wherein the annular gear is omitted, the planet carrier is used as the input element, the second sun gear is used as the output element, and the sun gear is used as the control element; a second planetary gear and any one of the two planetary gear elements are rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the two planetary gear elements are jointed through a second one-way clutch, the planetary carrier is fixedly connected to the rotor, the planetary gear is meshed with the sun gear, and the second planetary gear is meshed with the second sun gear; any two elements among the input element, the output element and the control element are connected through a first one-way clutch, and the control element and the stator are fixedly arranged on the bracket.
The planetary two-gear driving device further comprises second one-way clutches the same as the planetary gears in number, and each group of planetary gears and the second planetary gears are connected through the corresponding number of the second one-way clutches.
The planetary two-gear driving device further comprises a brake, wherein the brake comprises a driven end element, a fixed end element and at least one brake element, the control element is connected with the driven end element through a second one-way clutch, the fixed end element is integrated with the bracket or fixedly connected with the bracket, and the driven end element and the fixed end element are selectively connected with or separated from each other through the brake element. Or the second one-way clutch is omitted, the driven end element in the brake is integrally or fixedly connected with the control element, the fixed end element is integrally or fixedly connected with the bracket, and the driven end element and the fixed end element are selectively engaged or disengaged through the brake element.
The planetary two-speed drive device is characterized in that the brake is a drum brake, or the brake is a cam brake, or the brake is a disc brake, or the brake is a fixed caliper disc brake, or the brake is a floating caliper disc brake, or the brake is an electromagnetic brake.
The planetary two-gear driving device further comprises a traction device and at least one reset spring, the driven end element is arranged to be a driven end gear, the fixed end element is arranged to be a fixed end support, the braking element is arranged to be a braking bolt, at least one braking tooth is arranged on the braking bolt, the fixed end support and the support are integrally or fixedly connected, one end of the braking bolt is pivoted with the fixed end support, the other end of the braking bolt is pivoted with the traction device, the braking tooth is meshed with the driven end gear through the rotation of the braking bolt on the fixed end support driven by the reset spring, and the braking tooth is reversely rotated on the fixed end support through the traction device to realize the separation function with the driven end gear.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the fixed end support and the support are integrally or fixedly connected, the brake bolt is slidably arranged on the fixed end support and connected with the traction device, the brake bolt is pushed by the reset spring to slide on the fixed end support so as to enable the brake tooth to be meshed with the driven end gear to achieve a braking function, and the traction device drives the brake bolt to reversely slide on the fixed end support so as to enable the brake tooth to be separated from the driven end gear.
The brake bolt can also be set to be a brake inner gear ring, the brake inner gear ring is only installed on the fixed end support in a sliding way according to the axial direction of the driven end gear and is connected with the traction device, the brake inner gear ring is pushed to slide on the fixed end support through the return spring so as to enable the brake inner gear ring to be meshed with the driven end gear to achieve a braking function, and the traction device drives the brake inner gear ring to reversely slide on the fixed end support so as to enable the brake inner gear ring to be separated from the driven end gear.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the brake bolt can be further provided with a brake gear, the driven end gear is provided with a driven end inner gear ring, the brake gear is only axially and slidably arranged on the fixed end support and is connected with the traction device, the brake gear is pushed to slide on the fixed end support through the return spring so that the brake gear is meshed with the driven end inner gear ring to achieve a brake function, and the traction device drives the brake gear to reversely slide on the fixed end support so that the brake gear is separated from the driven end inner gear ring.
The planetary two-gear driving device comprises a second motor, a screw rod and a nut, wherein the fixed end support is integrally or fixedly connected with the support, the brake bolt is slidably installed on the fixed end support, the nut is integrally or fixedly connected with the brake bolt, the screw rod is meshed with the nut and is integrally or fixedly connected with an output shaft of the second motor, a shell of the second motor is fixedly installed on the fixed end support, a reset spring is arranged between the brake bolt and the fixed end support, and the brake bolt is driven to slide back and forth on the fixed end support through forward rotation and reverse rotation of the second motor, so that braking teeth are meshed with a driven end gear to realize braking and separating functions.
The planetary two-gear driving device further comprises a rim, and the rim is arranged on the output element. Or the support is provided as an intermediate fixed shaft, and the rim is provided on the output member and rotatably mounted on the intermediate fixed shaft.
The planetary two-gear driving device is characterized in that the motor is omitted and comprises a support, a planetary gear train, a first one-way clutch and a second one-way clutch, the planetary gear train comprises an input element, a control element and an output element, the input element is driven by motive power, the output element is connected with an external element, any two elements among the input element, the control element and the output element are connected through the first one-way clutch, the control element is connected with the support through the second one-way clutch, and the support is fixed.
The first two-gear driving method of the planetary two-gear driving device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) When the input element does work clockwise, the output element rotates anticlockwise to be output in a first gear;
(2) When the input element applies work in the counterclockwise direction, the output element also rotates in the counterclockwise direction to output as the second gear.
(3) When the input element does not work, the output element can only rotate freely in the anticlockwise direction.
The second two-gear driving method of the planetary two-gear driving device comprises the following specific steps:
1) When the input element does work clockwise, the output element rotates anticlockwise to be output in a first gear;
(2) When the input element applies work in the counterclockwise direction, the output element also rotates in the counterclockwise direction to output as the second gear.
(3) When the input element does not perform work, the output element can freely rotate in the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction.
The third two-gear driving method of the planetary two-gear driving device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) When the brake is in a braking state, the output element rotates in a counterclockwise direction to be output in a first gear when the rotor does work in a clockwise direction, the output element also rotates in the counterclockwise direction to be output in a second gear when the rotor does work in the counterclockwise direction, and the output element only can rotate freely in the counterclockwise direction when the rotor does not do work.
(2) The output member is free to rotate in both a clockwise and counterclockwise direction when the brake is in the disengaged condition.
The fourth two-gear driving method of the planetary two-gear driving device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) When the brake is in a braking state, the output element rotates in a counterclockwise direction to be output in a first gear when the rotor does work in a clockwise direction, and the output element only can rotate freely in the counterclockwise direction when the rotor does not do work.
(2) When the brake is in a separation state, the output element rotates in a counterclockwise direction to be output in a second gear when the rotor does work in the counterclockwise direction, and the output element can rotate freely in the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction when the rotor does not do work.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through alternately doing work of forward rotation and reverse rotation of the motor rotor and then automatically completing switching of transmission routes in the planetary gear train through the two one-way clutches, so that output of two different transmission ratios is realized, the transmission ratio and transmission efficiency of the transmission mechanism can be effectively improved, and two-gear driving can be realized without any external power executing element. The invention has compact structure, small volume and light weight, can greatly increase the load capacity of the vehicle, has obvious energy-saving effect, improves the working efficiency of the motor, and the like. The invention can be used for electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric scooters and the like, and can also be used in the fields of driving of various electric vehicles, rope climbing devices, unidirectional mechanical transmission and the like.
Drawings
The invention includes the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a seventh embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of an eighth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a ninth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a tenth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of an eleventh embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a twelfth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of fifteen embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of fifteen embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples:
as shown in fig. 1, the planetary two-gear driving device of the present invention comprises a carrier 1, a motor 100, a planetary gear train 200, a first one-way clutch 8 and a second one-way clutch 9, wherein the motor 100 comprises a rotor 3 and a stator 2, and the planetary gear train 200 comprises an annular gear 6, a sun gear 4, a planet carrier 7 and a plurality of planetary gears 5;
The plurality of planet gears 5 are evenly distributed around the axis of the planet carrier 7 and rotatably arranged on the planet carrier 7, the annular gear 6, the sun gear 4 and the planet carrier 7 are arranged on the same axis, and the annular gear 6 and the sun gear 4 are respectively meshed with the planet gears 5;
the sun gear 4 is used as the input element and is integrally or fixedly connected with the rotor 3, any one element of the annular gear 6 and the planet carrier 7 is connected with the sun gear 4 through a first one-way clutch 8, the planet carrier 7 is used as a control element and is connected with the support 1 through a second one-way clutch 9, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 are set in opposite directions, the support 1 is fixed, the stator 2 is fixedly arranged on the support 1, the rotor 3 generates mechanical energy to do work, and the annular gear 6 is used as the output element; when the input element is driven in the clockwise direction, the first one-way clutch 8 is in an overrunning state, the second one-way clutch 9 is in a locking state to prevent the control element from rotating in the clockwise direction, and the output element rotates in the anticlockwise direction at a low speed; when the input element is driven in the anticlockwise direction, the second one-way clutch 9 is in an overrun state, the first one-way clutch 8 is in a locked state, and the input element, the control element and the output element synchronously rotate in the anticlockwise direction; to achieve a two-gear drive.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the rotor 3 is arranged on the outer side of the stator 2 and rotatably arranged on the bracket 1 through a bearing, the inner ring of the first one-way clutch 8 is fixedly connected with the rotor 3, the outer ring of the first one-way clutch 8 is fixedly connected with the planet carrier 7, the inner ring of the second one-way clutch 9 is fixedly connected with the bracket 1, the outer ring of the second one-way clutch 9 is fixedly connected with the planet carrier 7, and the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 are arranged in opposite directions.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the outer ring of the first one-way clutch 8 may be fixedly connected to the rotor 3, and the inner ring of the first one-way clutch 8 may be fixedly connected to the planet carrier 7.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the outer ring of the second one-way clutch 9 may be fixedly connected with the carrier 1, the inner ring of the second one-way clutch 9 is fixedly connected with the planet carrier 7, and the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 are set in opposite directions.
In the embodiment of the present invention, permanent magnets are arranged on a rotor 3 in the motor 100, armature windings are arranged on a stator 2, and the rotor 3 generates mechanical energy to do work.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the inner ring of the first one-way clutch 8 may be fixedly connected with the rotor 3, the outer ring of the first one-way clutch 8 is fixedly connected with the ring gear 6, the inner ring of the second one-way clutch 9 is fixedly connected with the carrier 1, the outer ring of the second one-way clutch 9 is fixedly connected with the planet carrier 7, and the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 are set in opposite directions.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the outer ring of the first one-way clutch 8 is fixedly connected with the rotor 3, the inner ring of the first one-way clutch 8 is fixedly connected with the ring gear 6, the outer ring of the second one-way clutch 9 is fixedly connected with the carrier 1, the inner ring of the second one-way clutch 9 is fixedly connected with the planet carrier 7, and the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 are set in opposite directions.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the armature winding may be selectively disposed on the rotor 3 in the motor 100, and the permanent magnet may be disposed on the stator 2, so that the rotor 3 generates mechanical energy to perform work.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the ring gear 6 may be selected as the input element and is integrally or fixedly connected with the rotor 3, any one of the two elements of the sun gear 4 and the planet carrier 7 is engaged with the ring gear 6 through the first one-way clutch 8, the planet carrier 7 is used as the control element and is engaged with the carrier 1 through the second one-way clutch 9, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 are set in opposite directions, the carrier 1 is fixed, the stator 2 is fixedly mounted on the carrier 1, the rotor 3 generates mechanical energy to do work, and the sun gear 4 is used as the output element; when the input element is driven clockwise, the first one-way clutch 8 is in an overrun state, the second one-way clutch 9 is in a locked state to prevent the control element from rotating clockwise, and the output element rotates counterclockwise at high speed; when the input element is driven in the anticlockwise direction, the second one-way clutch 9 is in an overrunning state, the first one-way clutch 8 is in a locking state, and the input element, the control element and the output element synchronously rotate in the anticlockwise direction; to achieve a two-gear drive.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to select the ring gear 6 as the input element and be integral with or fixedly connected to the rotor 3, the sun gear 4 and the planet carrier 7 being engaged by the first one-way clutch 8, the planet carrier 7 being the control element and being engaged by the second one-way clutch 9 with the carrier 1, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 being arranged in the same direction, the sun gear 4 being the output element.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the motor 100 may be selected to be provided as a driving wheel, which is the input element; alternatively, the motor 100 is provided as a drive shaft, which serves as the input element.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the first one-way clutch 8 may be selected to be set as the first clutch; or the first one-way clutch 8 is set as a one-way centrifugal clutch; or the second one-way clutch 9 is set as a second clutch; alternatively, the first one-way clutch 8 is a first clutch, and the second one-way clutch 9 is a second clutch.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the first clutch can also be selected as the first spur clutch.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the second clutch can also be selected as a second spur clutch.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotor 3 may be selectively engaged with the ring gear 6 through the first one-way clutch 8, the inner ring of the first one-way clutch 8 is fixedly connected with the rotor 3, and the outer ring of the first one-way clutch 8 is fixedly connected with the ring gear 6.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the sun gear 4 may also be selected as the input element and be integrally or fixedly connected with the rotor 3, the ring gear 6 and the planet carrier 7 being engaged by the first one-way clutch 8, the planet carrier 7 being the control element and being engaged by the second one-way clutch 9 with the carrier 1, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 being arranged in the same direction, the ring gear 6 being the output element.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the rotor 3 may alternatively be arranged inside the stator 2 and rotatably mounted on the bracket 1 by means of bearings.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the two-gear driving method implemented by the method includes the specific steps of:
(1) When the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does work clockwise, the output element rotates counterclockwise to be output in a first gear;
(2) When the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does work in the counterclockwise direction, the output element also rotates in the counterclockwise direction to be output as the second gear.
(3) When the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does not perform work, the output element can only rotate freely in the counterclockwise direction.
As shown in fig. 2, the motor 100 of the present invention is omitted, and includes only the carrier 1, the planetary gear train 200, the first one-way clutch 8, and the second one-way clutch 9, the planetary gear train 200 includes the input element, the control element, and the output element, the input element is driven by motive power, the output element is connected with an external element, any two of the three elements are engaged through the first one-way clutch 8, the control element is engaged with the carrier 1 through the second one-way clutch 9, and the carrier 1 is fixed.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, either one of the sun gear 4 and the ring gear 6 serves as the input element, the other serves as the output element, the carrier 7 serves as the control element, the sun gear 4 and the carrier 7 are engaged by the first one-way clutch 8, the carrier 7 and the carrier 1 are engaged by the second one-way clutch 9, and the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 are set in the same direction.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, a planet carrier 7 may be chosen as the control element, two of the three elements sun gear 4, ring gear 6 and planet carrier 7 being engaged by a first one-way clutch 8,
as shown in fig. 3, the planetary gear train 200 in the present invention further includes second planetary gears 10 having the same number as the planetary gears 5, the second planetary gears 10 being integrally or fixedly connected with the planetary gears 5, the planetary gears 5 and the second planetary gears 10 being rotatably mounted on the planet carrier 7, any one of the two elements of the planetary gears 5 and the second planetary gears 10 being engaged with the ring gear 6, and the other element being engaged with the sun gear 4.
As shown in fig. 4, a plurality of planetary gears 5 in the present invention are equally distributed around the axis of a planetary carrier 7 and rotatably mounted on the planetary carrier 7, and second planetary gears 10, which are the same in number as the planetary gears 5, are also equally distributed around the axis of the planetary carrier 7 and rotatably mounted on the planetary carrier 7, and an inner gear ring 6 and the second planetary gears 10 are respectively engaged with the planetary gears 5, and a sun gear 4 is engaged with the second planetary gears 10; the rotor 3 is integrally or fixedly connected with the sun gear 4, any one of the two elements of the annular gear 6 and the planet carrier 7 is jointed with the sun gear 4 through a first one-way clutch 8, the annular gear 6 is used as the control element and is jointed with the support 1 through a second one-way clutch 9, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 are set in opposite directions, the support 1 is fixed, the stator 2 is fixedly arranged on the support 1, the sun gear 4 is used as the input element, and the planet carrier 7 is used as the output element; when the input element is driven in the clockwise direction, the first one-way clutch 8 is in an overrun state, the second one-way clutch 9 is in a locked state to prevent the control element from rotating clockwise, and the output element rotates in the counterclockwise direction at a low speed; when the input element is driven in the anticlockwise direction, the second one-way clutch 9 is in an overrun state, the first one-way clutch 8 is in a locked state, and the input element, the control element and the output element synchronously rotate in the anticlockwise direction; to achieve a two-gear drive.
As shown in fig. 5, the planetary gear train 200 in the present invention further includes a second sun gear 11, a plurality of planetary gears 5 are equally distributed around the axis of the planet carrier 7 and rotatably mounted on the planet carrier 7, second planetary gears 10, which are the same in number as the planetary gears 5, are also equally distributed around the axis of the planet carrier 7 and rotatably mounted on the planet carrier 7, the second sun gear 11 is disposed with the same axis as the sun gear 4, the ring gear 6, the sun gear 4 and the second planetary gears 10 are respectively meshed with the planetary gears 5, and the second sun gear 11 is meshed with the second planetary gears 10; either one of the two elements of the sun gear 4 and the second sun gear 11 is engaged with the rotor 3 through the first one-way clutch 8, the other element is engaged with the rotor 3 through the second one-way clutch 9, and the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 are set in opposite directions; either one of the ring gear 6 and the carrier 7 serves as the output element, the other serves as the control element and is fixedly connected with the carrier 1, and the rotor 3 serves as the input element.
As shown in fig. 6, the present invention may alternatively omit the ring gear 6, a plurality of planet gears 5 are equally distributed around the axis of the planet carrier 7 and rotatably mounted on the planet carrier 7, and second planet gears 10, which are the same as the planet gears 5, are also equally distributed around the axis of the planet carrier 7 and rotatably mounted on the planet carrier 7, a second sun gear 11 is disposed with the same axis as the sun gear 5, the sun gear 4 and the second planet gears 10 are respectively meshed with the planet gears 5, and the second sun gear 11 is meshed with the second planet gears 10; the rotor 3 is integrally or fixedly connected with the sun gear 4, any one of the two elements of the planet carrier 7 and the second sun gear 11 is engaged with the rotor 3 through the first one-way clutch 8, the planet carrier 7 is used as the control element and is engaged with the carrier 1 through the second one-way clutch 9, the carrier 1 is fixed, the stator 2 is fixedly mounted on the carrier 1, the sun gear 4 is used as the input element, and the second sun gear 11 is used as the output element.
As shown in fig. 7, the present invention may alternatively omit the ring gear 6, the second planetary gear 10 is disposed on the same axis as the planetary gear 5 and is integrally or fixedly connected, the planetary gear 5 and the second planetary gear 10 are rotatably mounted on the planet carrier 7, the planet carrier 7 is fixedly connected to the rotor 3, the planetary gear 5 is meshed with the sun gear 4, and the second planetary gear 10 is meshed with the second sun gear 11; either one of the sun gear 4 and the second sun gear 11 is engaged with the rotor 3 through the first one-way clutch 8, the sun gear 4 is the control element and is engaged with the carrier 1 through the second one-way clutch 9, the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch 8 and the second one-way clutch 9 are set in opposite directions, the carrier 1 is fixed, the stator 2 is fixedly mounted on the carrier 1, the carrier 7 is the input element, and the second sun gear 11 is the output element.
As shown in fig. 8, the planet carrier 7 of the present invention serves as the input element, the second sun gear 11 serves as the output element, and the sun gear 4 serves as the control element; a second planetary gear 10 and any one of two elements of the planetary gear 5 are rotatably arranged on the planet carrier 7, the two elements are jointed through a second one-way clutch 9, the planet carrier 7 is fixedly connected on the rotor 3, the planetary gear 5 is meshed with the sun gear 4, and the second planetary gear 10 is meshed with a second sun gear 11; the input element and the output element are connected through a first one-way clutch, the control element and the stator 2 are fixedly arranged on the bracket 1, the bracket 1 is fixed, and the rotor 3 is used as the original driving force to generate mechanical energy to do work.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the same number of second one-way clutches 9 as the number of planetary gears 5 are further included, and each set of planetary gears 5 and the second planetary gears 10 are engaged by the corresponding number of second one-way clutches 9.
As shown in fig. 9, the present invention further includes a brake 300, the brake 300 including a driven end member, a fixed end member and at least one braking member (not shown in the drawings), the control member being engaged with the driven end member through a second one-way clutch 9, the fixed end member being integrally or fixedly connected with the bracket 1, the driven end member and the fixed end member being selectively engaged or disengaged through the braking member.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the planet carrier 7 is used as the control element, the inner ring of the second one-way clutch 9 is fixedly connected with the control element, and the outer ring of the second one-way clutch 9 is integrally or fixedly connected with the driven end element (not shown in the figure).
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the outer ring of the second one-way clutch 9 may be selectively fixedly connected to the control element, and the inner ring of the second one-way clutch 9 may be integrally or fixedly connected to the driven end element.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to select the brake 300 to be a drum brake, or the brake 300 to be a cam brake, or the brake 300 to be a disc brake, or the brake 300 to be a fixed caliper disc brake, or the brake 300 to be a floating caliper disc brake, or the brake 300 to be an electromagnetic brake.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the two-gear driving method implemented by the method includes the specific steps of:
(1) When the brake 300 is in a braking state, the output element rotates in a counterclockwise direction to be output in a first gear when the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does work in a clockwise direction, and rotates in a counterclockwise direction to be output in a second gear when the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does work in a counterclockwise direction, and the output element can only rotate freely in the counterclockwise direction when the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does not do work.
(2) The output member is free to rotate in both a clockwise and counterclockwise direction when the brake 300 is in the disengaged condition.
As shown in fig. 10, the second one-way clutch 9 of the present invention is omitted, the driven end member of the brake 300 is integrally or fixedly connected with the control member, the fixed end member is integrally or fixedly connected with the carrier 1, and the driven end member and the fixed end member are selectively engaged or disengaged by the brake member (not shown).
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the two-gear driving method implemented by the method includes the specific steps of:
(1) When the brake 300 is in a braking state, the output element rotates in a counterclockwise direction to be output in a first gear when the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does work in a clockwise direction, and only rotates freely in the counterclockwise direction when the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does not do work.
(2) When the brake 300 is in the disengaged state, the output element is also rotated in the counterclockwise direction to be output in the second gear when the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does work in the counterclockwise direction, and the output element can be freely rotated in the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction when the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does not do work.
As shown in fig. 11, the brake 300 in the present invention includes a driven end member 12, a fixed end member 13, and at least one brake member 14, wherein at least one brake tooth 14a is provided on the brake member 14, the driven end member 12 is provided as a driven end gear member 12, the brake member 14 is pivotally connected to the fixed end member 13, the brake tooth 14a is engaged with the driven end gear member 12 when the brake member 14 rotates in one direction about an axis of the pivotal connection, and the driven end gear member 12 is braked; when the brake element 14 rotates in the other direction about the axis of the pivot, the brake tooth 14a disengages from the driven end gear element 12, and the driven end gear element 12 is in a free state.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the brake element 14 is provided with brake teeth 14a, brake teeth 14b and brake teeth 14c, and the brake teeth 14a, brake teeth 14b and brake teeth 14c are respectively engaged with the driven-end gear element 12 when the brake element 14 rotates in one direction about the axis of the pivot joint, and the driven-end gear element 12 is braked; when the brake element 14 rotates in the other direction about the axis of the pivot, the brake teeth 14a, 14b and 14c are all disengaged from the driven end gear member 12, and the driven end gear member 12 is in a free state.
As shown in fig. 12, the present invention further includes a traction device 400 and at least one return spring 15, wherein the driven end element 12 is configured as a driven end gear 12, the fixed end element 13 is configured as a fixed end bracket 13, the brake element 14 is configured as a brake bolt 14, and the brake bolt 14 is provided with brake teeth 14a, brake teeth 14b and brake teeth 14c; the fixed end bracket 13 is integral with the bracket 1 or fixedly connected (not shown in the figure), the brake bolt 14 is slidably arranged on the fixed end bracket 13 and connected with the traction device 400, the brake bolt 14 is pushed to slide on the fixed end bracket 13 by the return spring 15 so as to enable the brake teeth 14a, the brake teeth 14b and the brake teeth 14c to be meshed with the driven end gear 12, the brake function is realized, and the traction device 400 is used for driving the brake bolt 14 to reversely slide on the fixed end bracket 13 so as to enable the brake teeth 14a, the brake teeth 14b and the brake teeth 14c to be separated from the driven end gear 12.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the tumblers 14 are slidably mounted on the fixed end brackets 13 only in compliance with the normal direction of the movable end gear 12.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the brake bolt 14 may be alternatively set as a brake ring gear, where the brake ring gear is only mounted on the fixed end bracket 13 in compliance with the axial sliding of the movable end gear 12 and is connected to the traction device 400, and the brake ring gear is pushed by the return spring 15 to slide on the fixed end bracket 13 so as to engage with the driven end gear 12 to implement a braking function, and the traction device 400 drives the brake ring gear to slide reversely on the fixed end bracket 13 so as to implement a separation function between the brake ring gear and the driven end gear 12.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the optional brake bolt 14 may be also set as a brake gear, the driven end gear 12 is set as a driven end inner gear ring, the brake gear is only axially slidably mounted on the fixed end bracket 13 and is connected with the traction device 400, the brake gear is pushed to slide on the fixed end bracket 13 by the return spring 17 to enable the brake gear to be meshed with the driven end inner gear ring, so that a brake function is realized, and the traction device 400 drives the brake gear to slide on the fixed end bracket 13 in a reverse direction to enable the brake gear to be separated from the driven end inner gear ring.
As shown in fig. 13, the traction device 400 of the present invention includes a second motor 18, a screw 16 and a nut 17, the fixed end bracket 13 is integrally or fixedly connected with the bracket 1 (not shown in the drawings), the brake bolt 14 is slidably mounted on the fixed end bracket 13, the nut 17 is integrally or fixedly connected with the brake bolt 14, the screw 16 is meshed with the nut 17 and is integrally or fixedly connected with an output shaft of the second motor 18, a housing of the second motor 18 is fixedly mounted on the fixed end bracket 13, a return spring 15 is disposed between the brake bolt 14 and the fixed end bracket 13, and the brake teeth 14a, the brake teeth 14b and the brake teeth 14c are meshed with the driven end gear 12 by driving the brake bolt 14 forward and backward on the fixed end bracket 13 through forward rotation and reverse rotation of the second motor 18 to realize braking and separating functions.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the tumblers 14 are slidably mounted on the fixed end brackets 13 only in compliance with the normal direction of the movable end gear 12.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the return spring 15 may optionally be omitted.
As shown in fig. 14, the invention further comprises a rim 19, the rim 19 being arranged on said output element. Or the support 1 is provided as an intermediate stationary shaft 1, the rim 19 being arranged on said output element and being rotatably mounted on the intermediate stationary shaft 1.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of planetary gears 5 are evenly distributed around the axis of a planetary carrier 7 and rotatably mounted on the planetary carrier 7, the ring gear 6, the sun gear 4 and the planetary carrier 7 are arranged with the same axis, and the ring gear 6 and the sun gear 4 are respectively meshed with the planetary gears 5; the sun gear 4 is used as the input element and is integrally or fixedly connected with the rotor 3, the planet carrier 7 is used as the control element, the inner ring of the first one-way clutch 8 is fixedly connected with the sun gear 4, the outer ring of the first one-way clutch 8 is fixedly connected with the planet carrier 7, the outer ring of the second one-way clutch 9 is fixedly connected with the planet carrier 7, the inner ring bracket 1 of the second one-way clutch 9 is fixedly connected, the bracket 1 is fixed, the stator 2 is fixedly arranged on the bracket 1, the annular gear 6 is used as the output element, and the rim 19 is arranged on the annular gear 6; the motor 100, the planetary gear train 200 and the rim 19 are sequentially and axially arranged, the rotor 3 is rotatably arranged on the support 1 through a bearing, and two ends of the rim 19 are rotatably arranged on the support 1 and the rotor 3 through bearings respectively.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the first one-way clutch 8 is set as the one-way centrifugal clutch, and the two-gear driving method implemented by the method specifically includes the following steps:
(1) When the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does work clockwise, the output element rotates counterclockwise to be output in a first gear;
(2) When the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does work in the counterclockwise direction, the output element also rotates in the counterclockwise direction to be output as the second gear.
(3) When the rotor 3 of the motor 100 does not perform work, the output element can be freely rotated in the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction.
As shown in fig. 15, the present invention further includes a first end cap 20, a second end cap 22 and an intermediate connection element 21, wherein the first end cap 20, the stator 2, the rotor 3, the first one-way clutch 8, the sun gear 4, the planet carrier 7, the second one-way clutch 9 and the second end cap 22 are disposed on the same axis and are sequentially sleeved on the carrier 1, the first end cap 20 and the second end cap 22 are rotatably mounted on the carrier 1 through bearings, the stator 2 is fixedly mounted on the carrier 1, the rotor 3 is sleeved on the stator 2 and is rotatably mounted on the carrier 1 through bearings, the inner ring of the first one-way clutch 8 is fixedly connected with the rotor 3, the outer ring of the first one-way clutch 8 is fixedly connected with the planet carrier 7, the rotor 3 is integrally or fixedly connected with the sun gear 4, the planet carrier 7 is rotatably mounted on the carrier 1 through bearings, the outer ring of the second one-way clutch 9 is fixedly connected with the carrier 1, the inner ring gear 6 is used as the output element and is fixedly mounted on the intermediate connection element 21, the inner ring gear 19 is fixedly connected with the intermediate connection element 21, the intermediate connection element 21 is integrally connected with the inner ring gear 20 and the intermediate connection element 200, and is sequentially fixedly connected with the inner ring gear 20 and the intermediate connection element 200.
As shown in fig. 16, in the present invention, a stator 2 is sleeved on a rotor 3, the rotor 3 is rotatably mounted on a bracket 1 through a bearing, the stator 2 is fixedly mounted on the bracket 1, and a planetary gear train 200 is disposed in an inner space formed by the rotor 3.
Those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but includes all equivalent structural modifications which are made in the present invention by the description and the accompanying drawings.

Claims (10)

1. A planetary two-gear driving device, characterized in that:
the motor comprises a rotor and a stator, and the planetary gear train comprises an annular gear, a sun gear, a planet carrier and a plurality of planet gears; the planet gears are evenly distributed around the axis of the planet carrier and rotatably arranged on the planet carrier, the inner gear ring, the sun gear and the planet carrier are arranged on the same axis, and the inner gear ring and the sun gear are respectively meshed with the planet gears;
Any one element of the sun gear and the annular gear is used as an input element, the other element is used as an output element, and the planet carrier is used as a control element; the input element is integrated with or fixedly connected with the rotor, the output element is connected with the control element through a first one-way clutch, the control element is connected with the bracket through a second one-way clutch, the stator is fixedly arranged on the bracket, the bracket is fixed, and the rotor is used as an original driving force to generate mechanical energy to do work; when the input element is driven in the clockwise direction, the first one-way clutch is in an overrunning state, the second one-way clutch is in a locking state and prevents the control element from rotating in the clockwise direction, and the output element is driven in the anticlockwise direction and the input element in a variable speed manner; when the input element is driven in the anticlockwise direction, the second one-way clutch is in an overrunning state, the first one-way clutch is in a locking state, and the output element is synchronously driven with the input element in the anticlockwise direction; the planetary gear train also comprises second planetary gears, the number of which is the same as that of the planetary gears, the second planetary gears and the planetary gears are integrally or fixedly connected, the planetary gears and the second planetary gears are rotatably arranged on the planet carrier, any one element of the planetary gears and the second planetary gears is meshed with the annular gear, and the other element is meshed with the sun gear; or a plurality of the planetary gears are evenly distributed around the axis of the planetary carrier and rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the second planetary gears which are the same as the planetary gears in number are also evenly distributed around the axis of the planetary carrier and rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the inner gear ring and the second planetary gears are respectively meshed with the planetary gears, and the sun gear is meshed with the second planetary gears.
2. The planetary two-speed drive according to claim 1, wherein:
any one element of the sun gear and the planet carrier is used as the input element, the other element is used as the output element, and the annular gear is used as the control element;
or any one element of the annular gear and the planet carrier is used as the input element, the other element is used as the output element, and the sun gear is used as the control element.
3. The planetary two-speed drive according to claim 2, wherein:
the planetary gear train also comprises a second sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears are evenly distributed around the axis of the planetary carrier and rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the second planetary gears which are the same as the planetary gears in number are also evenly distributed around the axis of the planetary carrier and rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the second sun gear and the sun gear are arranged in the same axis, the inner gear ring, the sun gear and the second planetary gears are respectively meshed with the planetary gears, and the second sun gear is meshed with the second planetary gears; any one element of the sun gear and the second sun gear is connected with the rotor through a first one-way clutch, the other element is connected with the rotor through a second one-way clutch, and the overrunning directions of the first one-way clutch and the second one-way clutch are set in opposite directions; any one element of the annular gear and the planet carrier serves as the output element, the other element serves as the control element and is fixedly connected with the support, and the rotor serves as the input element.
4. A planetary two-speed drive as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that:
the inner gear ring is omitted, a plurality of planetary gears are evenly distributed around the axis of the planetary carrier and rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, second planetary gears which are the same as the planetary gears in number are evenly distributed around the axis of the planetary carrier and rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the second sun gear and the sun gear are arranged on the same axis, the sun gear and the second planetary gears are respectively meshed with the planetary gears, and the second sun gear is meshed with the second planetary gears; any one element of the sun gear and the second sun gear is used as the input element, the other element is used as the output element, and the planet carrier is used as the control element; the rotor is integrally or fixedly connected with the input element, any two elements among the input element, the output element and the control element are connected through a first one-way clutch, the control element is connected with the bracket through a second one-way clutch, and the stator is fixedly arranged on the bracket;
Or the inner gear ring is omitted, a second planetary gear and the planetary gear are arranged on the same axis and are integrally or fixedly connected, the planetary gear and the second planetary gear are rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the planetary carrier and the rotor are integrally or fixedly connected, the planetary gear is meshed with the sun gear, and the second planetary gear is meshed with the second sun gear; the planet carrier is used as the input element, any one element of a second sun gear and the sun gear is used as the output element, and the other element is used as the control element; any two elements among the input element, the output element and the control element are connected through a first one-way clutch, the control element is connected with the bracket through a second one-way clutch, and the stator is fixedly arranged on the bracket;
or the ring gear is omitted, the planet carrier is used as the input element, the second sun gear is used as the output element, and the sun gear is used as the control element;
a second planetary gear and any one of the two planetary gear elements are rotatably arranged on the planetary carrier, the second planetary gear and the two planetary gear elements are jointed through a second one-way clutch, the planetary carrier is fixedly connected on the rotor, the planetary gear is meshed with the sun gear, and the second planetary gear is meshed with the second sun gear; any two elements among the input element, the output element and the control element are connected through a first one-way clutch, and the control element and the stator are fixedly arranged on the bracket.
5. The planetary two-speed drive according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:
the brake comprises a driven end element, a fixed end element and at least one braking element, wherein the control element is connected with the driven end element through a second one-way clutch, the fixed end element is integrated with the bracket or fixedly connected with the bracket, and the driven end element and the fixed end element are selectively connected or separated through the braking element;
or the second one-way clutch is omitted, the driven end element in the brake is integrally or fixedly connected with the control element, the fixed end element is integrally or fixedly connected with the bracket, and the driven end element and the fixed end element are selectively engaged or disengaged through the brake element.
6. The planetary two-speed drive according to claim 5, wherein:
the brake device comprises a driven end element, a fixed end element, a brake element and at least one reset spring, wherein the driven end element is set to be a driven end gear, the fixed end element is set to be a fixed end bracket, the brake element is set to be a brake bolt, and at least one brake tooth is arranged on the brake bolt; the fixed end support and the support are integrally or fixedly connected, the brake bolt is movably arranged on the fixed end support and pivoted with the traction device, the brake bolt is pushed to move on the fixed end support through the reset spring so as to enable the brake tooth to be meshed with the driven end gear to achieve a braking function, and the traction device drives the brake bolt to reversely move on the fixed end support so as to enable the brake tooth to be separated from the driven end gear.
7. A planetary two-speed drive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6, characterized in that:
the first one-way clutch is set as a first clutch; or the first one-way clutch is set as a one-way centrifugal clutch; or the second one-way clutch is set as the second clutch; or the first one-way clutch is set as a first clutch, and the second one-way clutch is set as a second clutch.
8. A planetary two-speed drive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6, characterized in that:
the motor is omitted and comprises a support, a planetary gear train, a first one-way clutch and a second one-way clutch, wherein the planetary gear train comprises an input element, a control element and an output element, the input element is driven by motive power, the output element is connected with an external element, the control element is engaged with the support through the second one-way clutch, and the support is fixed.
9. A planetary two-speed drive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 6, characterized in that:
the output element is provided with a rim; or the support is provided as an intermediate fixed shaft, and the rim is provided on the output member and rotatably mounted on the intermediate fixed shaft.
10. The two-stage driving method of a planetary two-stage driving device according to claim 5, wherein,
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) When the motor does work clockwise, the output element rotates anticlockwise to output as a first gear,
(2) When the motor does work in the anticlockwise direction, the output element also rotates in the anticlockwise direction to be output in the second gear,
(3) When the motor does not work, the output element can only rotate freely in the anticlockwise direction;
or the second two-gear driving method of the planetary two-gear driving device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) When the motor does work clockwise, the output element rotates anticlockwise to output as a first gear,
(2) When the motor does work in the anticlockwise direction, the output element also rotates in the anticlockwise direction to be output in the second gear,
(3) When the motor does not work, the output element can rotate freely in the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction;
or the third two-gear driving method of the planetary two-gear driving device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) When the brake is in a braking state, the motor rotates in a counterclockwise direction to be output in a first gear when doing work in a clockwise direction, the output element also rotates in a counterclockwise direction to be output in a second gear when doing work in a counterclockwise direction, the output element only rotates freely in the counterclockwise direction when no work is done by the motor,
(2) When the brake is in the disengaged state, the output member is free to rotate in a clockwise direction and a counterclockwise direction;
or the fourth two-gear driving method of the planetary two-gear driving device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) When the brake is in a braking state, the output element rotates in a counterclockwise direction to be output in a first gear when the motor does work in a clockwise direction, the output element only rotates freely in the counterclockwise direction when the motor does not do work,
(2) When the brake is in a separation state, the output element rotates in a counterclockwise direction to be output in a second gear when the motor does work in the counterclockwise direction, and the output element can rotate freely in the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction when the motor does not do work.
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