CN1066404C - 烃类的装船和处理方法 - Google Patents

烃类的装船和处理方法 Download PDF

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CN1066404C
CN1066404C CN96193995A CN96193995A CN1066404C CN 1066404 C CN1066404 C CN 1066404C CN 96193995 A CN96193995 A CN 96193995A CN 96193995 A CN96193995 A CN 96193995A CN 1066404 C CN1066404 C CN 1066404C
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oil
platform
stp
adaptor union
floating drum
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CN1184451A (zh
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科勒·布雷维克
马丁·西格蒙茨塔德
阿尔内·斯梅达尔
奥勒·G·斯泰内
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00Buoys
    • B63B22/02Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel
    • B63B22/021Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids
    • B63B22/026Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids and with means to rotate the vessel around the anchored buoy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B63B21/507Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers with mooring turrets
    • B63B21/508Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers with mooring turrets connected to submerged buoy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines

Abstract

一种用海上采油平台、生产平台、生产井开采油层的油气所得到的气液烃混合物的装船和处理方法。这种混合物通过浮筒装油系统送到气体处理平台。该系统有一STL/STP型的浮筒。该混合物还在平台上处理成液化天然气(LNG)或液化石油气(LPG),贮藏在平台中的容器内。在供应烃混合物的同时,石油也通过同一浮筒送到平台中。该浮筒有一内有多通路的STP连接器,油从中经平台上的输油管和卸油装置直接输送到油船内准备贮运。

Description

烃类的装船和处理方法
本发明涉及气态或液态烃混合物的装船和处理的方法。该烃混合物是从油气储集层通过海上采油平台、采油平台或油井装置开采得到的并通过内有一STL/STP型浮筒的浮筒装油系统输送到气体处理平台作处理,生产液化天然气(LNG)或液化石油气(LPG)混合物并贮藏在该平台的舱中。
在海上开采烃类(石油及天然气)时大家都知道使用基于所谓STP技术(STP=水下转盘开采)的采油平台。在这种技术中所使用的那种水下浮筒有一底部固定的中央部件,通过一根或一根以上的柔性立管与局部的海底油气源连通;浮筒的旋转接头将流体在高压下输送给浮动平台上的生产装置。在浮筒中央部件外侧有一可转动的浮力部件,可插入并固定到平台底部水下向下开口的装配空腔中,因此平台在风力、波浪、和水流作用下能对准锚定的浮筒中央部件。进一步说明这一技术可查阅挪威公开出版物No.PCT/N094/00119。
在海上装卸烃类燃料时都采用一种所谓的STL浮筒(STL=水下回转装入),它的原理和STP浮筒相同,但其旋转接头比STP旋转接头简单,后者一般有几个贯穿的通道或通路。这种浮筒结构的进一步说明可参考国际专利申请No.PCT/NO92/00056。
通过STL/STP技术,可以在几乎是全天候,甚至有大风浪的恶劣气候条件下完成烃类的装卸和海上开采,并且平台和浮筒的拆卸与连接迅速简便。此外,任何天气浮筒保持与平台连接,如果气候状况太差也可快速拆开。
本发明的目的是提供一种通过STL/STP浮筒使油和气可同时装入一艘或一艘以上浮动平台的柔性系统。
为了达到上述目的而提供本文开头介绍的本发明所述方法,其特征在于在供应烃混合物的同时也把油经过上述浮筒供应到气体处理平台,该浮筒所含STP连接器中有各种流体的管路,油从STP连接器经平台上的输送管和卸油设备直接输送到贮运所供石油的油船上。
借助于本发明所述方法可获得一种十分灵活的系统,通过装油浮筒可同时把油和气装到一艘或一艘以上平台上。此外,还可做到在装油的同时收集液化石油气(LPG)和天然气,不然的话它们会重新进入油藏中去。
本发明将在下面结合示范性的实施例参照附图作进一步说明,这些附图是:
图1示出用于供应天然气和LPG混合物的海上油田装置及浮动平台的示意图;
图2示出实施本发明所述方法的两互相连接平台的示意图;
图3示出可同时装油和装LPG混合物的STP连接器的纵剖面图;
图4示出只供装油用的经过改良的STP连接器的纵剖面图。
图1中采出了采油平台1、普通浮式装油浮筒2和浮式平台3。浮式平台3系住本文开头提到的STL或STP型水下船底锚定浮筒4(系紧系统未示),浮筒4插入并锚定到船底的水下装配空腔内。有许多根从采油平台1输送烃类的立管5,它们伸展在平台的底座6和浮筒4之间。相似的立管对7和8分别伸展在平台底座与装油浮筒2及平合底座与采油平台9之间。此外,所示的生产井10与油藏(未示)连通,并经油管线11连接到平台1。
以前习惯做法是将LPG和天然气回流,所以这部分烃的价值未被利用,但若用图1所示系统,这部分烃就可以利用,因为立管5形成了这类天然气和LPG的通道,结果,天然气或LPG混合物便经浮筒4,再配合适当的STP连接器输送到平台3。平台3可以是LPG平台或LNG平台,用于处理天然气或LPG混合物。一般有必要回流一些天然气,而这是通过一根立管5完成的。
图2示出的系统由互相连接的浮式平台组成,用以实现本发明所述的方法。
为所示,该系统包括第一平台12和第二平台13。假定第一平台12是一LPG采油平台,而第二平台13是油船。平台12在其底部的水下装配空腔15中系紧一STP浮筒14,并连接到抛起锚系统或系油系统,该系统的锚绳16连到位于海底18的链条17上。浮力部件19与锚绳16连接,以简化锚系装置。实际上,这样的系统可应用在几千米深的海洋中。
在海底18和STP浮筒14之间有许多根立管20,各立管底部与各自的紧固件或海底部件21相连。这种情况下,立管由输油立管20a、输送LPG或天然气的立管20b、和天然气回流立管20c组成。各立管顶端则与浮筒14的底部固定中央部件(未进一步示出)中的相应通路相连,而浮筒与STP连接器(也叫回转接头)配合。此STP连接器可用于将某处的流体输入或输出到采油平台12(见图3)。这样就通向并充满各贮罐,在本例中是LPG混合物贮罐。
液态或气态烃类从立管输送到其产平台、采油平台、生产井或其他合适的装置输送到,如图1所示。
如上所述,在本例中浮式平台12是一LPG混合物的生产平台,因此它不能贮存经过立管20并与烃混合物同时供给的原油。因而所供原油直接从STP连接器经输送管23输送到卸油装置25,该输送管23在图上是沿平台甲板24放置的在卸油装置25和第二浮式平台(即油船13)之间有一根输送管26,原油即通过此输送管输送到油船的油罐内。油船13通过锚绳28检到生产平台12上。用这种办法能通过完全相同的STL/STP浮筒14将原油和天然气/LPG装到二艘不同的平台内。
实际上,装满一艘油船只化较短时间,不到24小时;而从含油气地层将初步处理的天然气或LPG混合物充满平台内的容器要化多得多的时间,几周到几个月。
当生产平台12准备卸掉处理过的天然气时,可把平台与装气浮筒14脱开,以便开到卸气地点。为此目的,这艘平台也要先有一水下装配空腔(未示)。如上所述,平台13是一艘油船。因此不能处理从当地油藏得到的天然气。为了能在这种情况下利用卸油系统,应利用一种插入装置或适配器作为对浮筒14的改进,结果,其天然气输送管路被关闭,而浮筒的原油传送管路按常规的STL法使用。该修改型将参照图4作进一步说明。
图3示出在前述的国际专利申请No.PCT/N 094/00119中公开的那种旋转连接器(STP连接器)的轴向剖面,供作进一步说明。简单地讲,这样的连接器有一旋转装置,内有许多将上述浮筒和当把平台的管路系统连接起来的流体通路,该旋转装置有一包容部件和一凸状部件,二者可相互插进和拔出,该包容部件永久性地固定到浮筒的底部锚定中央部件上。
图3中提出一种和浮筒14相当的浮筒30,假定它插进并固定到平台(如浮动平台12)的装配空腔内。旋转连妆器31的包容部件32永久性地装配在浮筒30的中央部件33上端。凸状部件34插入包容部件内,且通过操纵装置36的液压千斤顶35可作升降运动。旋转连接器还有一导套37,用于引导凸状部件34运动。
在所示的实施例中,正如上述浮筒所提到过的浮筒的中央部件33有三条输送流体的管路。一条管路38输送石油,一条管理39输送天然气或LPG,一条管路40用于天然气回流。根据要求还可有其他管路。在连接器的凸状部件34中有轴向的通路41、42、43。这些通路下端通过位于凸状部件34和包容部件32之间的各环形空间44分别与管路38、39、40连通,而其上端通过凸状部件34和导槽37之间各环形空间48可与平台上有关输送管45、46、47连通。因此,旋转连接器31可向平台供油供气,并可从平台返回天然气,即使在风浪和水流作用下平台与浮筒外浮力件绫底部固定的浮筒中央部件作转动也罢。
图4示出STP连接器50的轴向剖面。它是按上述普通STL构造经过修改后,只能用于输送原油。在此实施例中,接入件或接头51插进固定在浮筒30中的包容件32内。该接头目的是切断浮筒内不用的管路,即切断天然气/LPG的管路39及天然气回流管路40。接头51和包容件32形成的环形空间52可与浮筒的供油管路连通,并与沿轴向穿过接头51内的管路53连通,还通过常规的STL连接头与管件55连通,可通到输油管23。
为了使上述的STP接头与常规的STL接头配合,管路53布置在接头51的中央。插入STP连接器50中的接头,既可插进天然气处理平台12,也可插进油船13。为了装上该接头,首先须将STP连接器的凸状部件从包容部件中拔出并收藏起来。
一当天然气加工平台12返回油田,它必须与装油浮筒30连接。然后将接头51从浮筒的包容部件32中拔出,而将可使输送当地补充的流体的管道打开的原始STP联接器上的凸状部件,必须插进包容部件内。

Claims (2)

1.一种将海上采油平台、生产平台、生产井开采油层获得的气态或液态烃类混合物进行装载和处理的方法,上述混合物是通过含STL/STP型浮筒(14)的浮简装油系统输送到天然气处理平台(12)并在其上处理,用以得到液化天然气或液化石油气并贮藏在平台中的容器内,
其特征在于,在提供烃混合物的同时,油也经过所述浮筒(14)供应到天然气处理平台(12),该浮筒有一个STP连接器(31),其中有各种流体的管路,油直接从STP连接器经输油管(31)和平台(12)上的卸油装置(25)输送到油船(13),以便可贮运所供的原油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于将STP连接器接到相适应的STL连接器的接头(51)插入STP连接器(50)中,且接头(51)的中央通路(53)用于供油,同时能切断穿过STP连接器的其它流体输送管路(39、40)。
CN96193995A 1995-05-18 1996-05-14 烃类的装船和处理方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1066404C (zh)

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AU5846696A (en) 1996-11-29
NO951977L (no) 1996-11-19
GB9722839D0 (en) 1997-12-24
WO1996036529A1 (en) 1996-11-21
CN1184451A (zh) 1998-06-10
US6021848A (en) 2000-02-08
EP0825946A2 (en) 1998-03-04
AU704811B2 (en) 1999-05-06
NO951977D0 (no) 1995-05-18
EP0825946B1 (en) 2000-04-12
BR9608823A (pt) 2000-03-28
DK0825946T3 (da) 2000-08-21

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