CN106637156A - 一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法 - Google Patents

一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法 Download PDF

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CN106637156A
CN106637156A CN201611209201.8A CN201611209201A CN106637156A CN 106637156 A CN106637156 A CN 106637156A CN 201611209201 A CN201611209201 A CN 201611209201A CN 106637156 A CN106637156 A CN 106637156A
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周宏标
李小伟
张世波
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AECC Guizhou Liyang Aviation Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法,采用在非镀镍面涂覆H61‑1环氧有机硅耐热漆方式进行,所述H61‑1环氧有机硅耐热漆为三组分配置,三组分的重量比为,组分一有机硅树脂及有机溶剂:组分二固化剂:组分三铝粉浆=100:30:22。本发明针对非镀镍面进行绝缘保护,提高了绝缘效果、保证了镀层质量,并提高了加工效率。

Description

一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复杂钛合金材料局部化学镀镍对非镀镍面的绝缘保护方法,属于金属材料表面处理技术。
背景技术
钛合金材料比强度高、比重小,耐蚀性优良,已经广泛的应用于航空发动机、航天器及火箭发动机等工业中。为了进一步提高钛合金性能,通过对钛合金进行表面处理,如镀镍等方法,镀镍层表面硬度高,耐磨性好,具有良好的抗腐蚀性能等等。
目前,涡扇发动机钛合金材料局部化学镀镍零部件越来越多,在零件局部化学镀镍的过程中需要对非镀镍表面进行绝缘保护,以往均采用对非镀镍表面涂绝缘漆、缠绝缘胶带、铅胶带的方式进行保护,但随着加工零件形状越来越复杂,传统的保护方法已不能有效的保证产品的顺利加工,给产品质量造成影响,难以保证设计要求。
所以针对复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍对非镀镍面的绝缘保护难的问题,发明的了涂H61-1漆对非镀镍面进行绝缘保护,并确定了最佳的漆料配方及固化参数,以保证漆层能经得住吹砂,耐得起强腐蚀,也能在镀镍溶液中长时间浸泡,并能在镀镍之后去除涂漆层绝缘物。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:提供一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法,针对非镀镍面的进行绝缘保护,提高绝缘效果、保证镀层质量,并提高加工效率等。
本发明的技术解决方案如下:
一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法,包括非镀镍面的绝缘保护,吹砂和弱腐蚀,所述非镀镍面的绝缘保护采用在非镀镍面涂覆H61-1环氧有机硅耐热漆方式进行,所述H61-1环氧有机硅耐热漆为三组分配置,三组分的重量比为,组分一有机硅树脂及有机溶剂:组分二固化剂:组分三铝粉浆=100:30:22。
将部分(这里的部分没有具体量的限定,其目的只是分两步混合组分一与组分二)组分一有机硅树脂及有机溶剂加入组分三铝粉浆中,搅拌成均匀的浆状,再将剩余的组分一有机硅树脂及有机溶剂加入后搅拌均匀,然后按配比加入组分二固化剂,搅拌均匀后用稀释剂调整到施工粘度,涂漆前用铜网过滤,静置后使用。
所述铜网规格为180~200目,静置时间为20~30min。
所述稀释剂为X-7或二甲苯与正丁醇的混合物,且按重量比计X-7或二甲苯:正丁醇=7:3。
所述非镀镍面涂覆H61-1环氧有机硅耐热漆后在烘干炉中对漆层进行干燥,干燥温度为80~100℃,干燥时间为60min~90min。
所述吹砂采用80目棕刚玉砂对零件镀镍表面进行吹砂,吹砂风压为0.2MPa~0.3MPa。
所述弱腐蚀的腐蚀剂组分包括HCL和HF,且弱腐蚀时间为30s~45s,温度为室温。
对非镀镍表面涂H61-1漆绝缘保护,具体配方及参数如下:
(1)配制:成分1(有机硅树脂及有机溶剂):成分2(固化剂):成分3(铝粉浆)=100:30:22,H61-1环氧有机硅耐热漆为西安经建油漆股份有限公司生产的三组分H61-1环氧有机硅耐热漆。
(2)稀释剂:X-7或二甲苯:正丁醇=7:3,涂漆前用(180~200)号铜网过滤,放置(20~30)min后使用,调配好的漆应在12h内用完。
(3)采用涂H61-1漆绝缘的零件需要在烘干炉中对漆层进行干燥,干燥温度:(80~100)℃;干燥时间:60min~90min。
(4)H61-1漆可在TX-B除漆剂中去除,温度:室温;时间:除尽为止。
局部化学镀镍零件绝缘保护方法在同行业内各不相同,通常情况下采用的保护方法多为临时性的,没有相关标准。故传统保护方法在零件加工过程中只能针对形状简单,加工批量小的生产情况。对大批量,形状复杂的零件的绝缘保护没有可靠性,且生产效率极低。
本发明中,绝缘方式由现有的覆盖保护(如缠绝缘胶带、缠铅胶带及塞胶皮塞等)更改为涂覆保护(采用涂H61-1漆绝缘保护),并确定最佳的绝缘漆配方及升温固化参数。去除绝缘物有原来的手工去除(拆除绝缘物)更改为有机溶剂去除(TX-B除漆剂中去除)。本项目所采用的绝缘保护方法与传统方法相比,保护效果及方法的可靠性有极大提升,不仅能够对各类形状复杂的零件起到良好的保护作用,而且在加工效率方面也大大缩短了绝缘保护时间,同时该方法对零件质量没有任何影响。
附图说明
图1为本发明钛合金化学镀镍工艺流程图;
图2为本发明涂漆绝缘工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,钛合金化学镀镍包括除油,涂漆绝缘,吹砂,冷流水洗,弱腐蚀,冷流水洗,化学镀镍,冷流水洗,热水洗,除绝缘漆,冷流水洗,吹干,检验,热处理和热处理后检验。其中,钛合金化学镀镍过程经过吹砂、弱腐蚀、化学镀镍三个主要工序。(1)吹砂会影响表面光度状态,所以在吹砂之前要对零件的非镀镍表面要保护镀镍表面,相邻的非镀镍表面也会被吹到,所以涂的绝缘保护膜必须经得起吹砂,而膜层不脱落。(2)弱腐蚀的主要成分是HCl(d=1.19)40ml/L~50ml/L(工业中所使用的酸不是纯的,d=1.19就是指盐酸的密度=1.19g/cm3,40ml/L~50ml/L是体积分数,就是1L溶液中含有40~50ml密度为1.19g/cm3的盐酸);HF(40%)25ml/L~30ml/L(40%的HF是指质量分数,就是100g溶液中含有40gHF;25ml/L~30ml/L是体积分数,就是1L溶液中含有质量分数为40%的HF25~30ml);要在室温条件下弱腐蚀30s~45s,浓盐酸和氢氟酸都有很强的腐蚀性,特别是氢氟酸有很强的腐蚀性,对零件有很强的腐蚀作用,会消耗零件的尺寸,所以在弱腐蚀过程要确保非镀表面的绝缘保护膜不被强酸腐蚀,没有渗漏;(3)化学镀镍时,槽液温度为85℃~95℃,而且要在槽液中浸泡1小时左右进行镀镍,在镀镍过程中要确保非镀表面的绝缘保护膜不脱落,溶液不渗漏,否则非镀表面将有镍层沉积。
本发明中所使用的绝缘保护方法,保证漆层能经得住吹砂,耐得起强腐蚀,也能在镀镍溶液中长时间浸泡,并能在镀镍之后去除涂漆层绝缘物。
某涡扇发动机壳体组件为钛合金材料,形状特别复杂,需要对其局部表面进行化学镀镍进一步提高其性能,采取图1中镀镍工艺。镀镍前对非镀镍表面涂H61-1环氧有机硅耐热漆绝缘保护,方法如图2。下面针对主要工序及参数进行详细说明。
1、除油
除油有两种方法,
方法一:水基清洗剂除油:槽液成分及工作条件如下:
LCX-52 含量1%~3%
温度 室温~70℃
时间 15min~30min
其中:LCX-52是一种水基清洗剂。
方法二:使用去污粉、金刚砂擦拭零件表面除油
2、涂H61-1环氧有机硅耐热漆绝缘:该漆为三组份常温固化漆,组分一:有机硅树脂及有机溶剂,组分二:固化剂,组分三:铝粉浆。
配制:组分1(有机硅树脂及有机溶剂):组分2(固化剂):组分3(铝粉浆)=100:30:22(重量比)
稀释剂:X-7或二甲苯:正丁醇=7:3(重量比)
将部分组分一加入组分三中,搅拌成均匀的浆状,再将剩余的组分一加入后搅拌均匀。然后按配比加入组分二,再搅拌均匀,用稀释剂调整到施工粘度。涂漆前用180~200目铜网过滤,静置20~30min后使用,调配好的漆应在12h内用完。
按照零件图纸要求,对非镀表面进行涂漆绝缘。
采用涂H61-1环氧有机硅耐热漆绝缘的零件需要在烘干炉中对漆层进行干燥,干燥温度:80~100℃;干燥时间:60min~90min。
3、吹砂:用80号棕刚玉砂,对零件镀镍表面进行吹砂,吹砂风压为:0.2MPa~0.3MPa。
4、弱腐蚀成分及工艺参数:
5、化学镀镍成分及工艺参数:
6、除绝缘漆
H61-1漆可在TX-B除漆剂中去除,温度:室温;时间:除尽为止。
7、热处理:温度300℃~350℃,时间1h~2h。
8检验:
①外观检查:应为稍带浅黄色的银白色或带黄色色彩的钢灰色。镀层结晶应细致、均匀,不允许有突起、脱层。
②结合力检验:结合力的检验可每年一次或按批抽查,结合力的检验可在与零件相同材料、相同表面状态并同槽化学镀镍的试样上进行。方法:将试样夹在台钳上,用粗锉刀锉镀层边棱,锉刀与镀层表面大约成45°角,由基体金属向镀层方向锉,镀层不应起皮和脱落。
③镀层厚度检验:厚度检查在试样上进行,检验用试样应与零件材料牌号相同、表面状态相同并与零件同槽化学镀镍。
经检验,复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍后,镀层外观、结合力、厚度等各项指标均合格,绝缘保护层无起皮脱落现象,非镀镍表面无渗漏现象,本发明绝缘效果良好。

Claims (7)

1.一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法,包括非镀镍面的绝缘保护,吹砂和弱腐蚀,其特征在于:所述非镀镍面的绝缘保护采用在非镀镍面涂覆H61-1环氧有机硅耐热漆方式进行,所述H61-1环氧有机硅耐热漆为三组分配置,三组分的重量比为,组分一有机硅树脂及有机溶剂:组分二固化剂:组分三铝粉浆=100:30:22。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法,其特征在于:将部分组分一有机硅树脂及有机溶剂加入组分三铝粉浆中,搅拌成均匀的浆状,再将剩余的组分一有机硅树脂及有机溶剂加入后搅拌均匀,然后按配比加入组分二固化剂,搅拌均匀后用稀释剂调整到施工粘度,涂漆前用铜网过滤,静置后使用。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法,其特征在于:所述铜网规格为180~200目,静置时间为20~30min。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法,其特征在于:所述稀释剂为X-7或二甲苯与正丁醇的混合物,且按重量比计X-7或二甲苯:正丁醇=7:3。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法,其特征在于:所述非镀镍面涂覆H61-1环氧有机硅耐热漆后在烘干炉中对漆层进行干燥,干燥温度为80~100℃,干燥时间为60min~90min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法,其特征在于:所述吹砂采用80目棕刚玉砂对零件镀镍表面进行吹砂,吹砂风压为0.2MPa~0.3MPa。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种复杂钛合金零件局部化学镀镍方法,其特征在于:所述弱腐蚀的腐蚀剂组分包括HCL和HF,且弱腐蚀时间为30s~45s,温度为室温。
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