CN106636216B - Anaerobic fermentation acidification control method for organic garbage - Google Patents
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The invention relates to an organic garbage anaerobic fermentation acidification control method, which comprises the steps of fermenting organic garbage with different concentrations by different fermentation concentrations, different inoculum sizes and different anaerobic fermentation devices by adopting different treatment methods, adopting proper biogas slurry reflux concentration, adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum to realize proper conditions for garbage fermentation, judging whether the organic garbage is acidified or not by a pH value and a TIC/VFA ratio in the garbage fermentation process, adjusting by simple technical measures, ensuring timely adjustment of the acidification state in a system, and realizing normal fermentation of the organic garbage. The method has strong pertinence, adjusts the microbial flora in the anaerobic fermentation process of the organic garbage by combining a microbial technology and a process technology, solves the technical problems of fermentation deterioration and gas production delay caused by organic acid accumulation, and improves the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of the garbage and the methane yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a treatment method of organic domestic garbage, in particular to an anaerobic fermentation acidification control method of organic garbage, belonging to the technical field of biogas.
Background
Along with the development of economy and improvement of living standard, the yield of urban and rural domestic garbage is increased sharply, and the garbage components are changed greatly. It is reported that 75% of the waste is biodegradable organic waste. The garbage problem, especially the pollution problem of organic garbage in cities and towns, has become global public nuisance, and the problem of solving the organic garbage disposal problem in cities and towns has become a hotspot and difficulty of social attention.
At present, the urban organic garbage treatment technology mainly comprises sanitary landfill, incineration, biological treatment and other technologies. The traditional landfill treatment has the problems of land occupation, hidden dangers of underground water and soil pollution, waste of recoverable resources and the like. The incineration technology has certain requirements on the calorific value of the garbage, is difficult to adapt to the treatment of the high-moisture-content urban organic garbage, has large one-time investment, high operating cost and higher management level and equipment maintenance requirements, and the smoke generated by incineration can generate the pollution problem of dioxin.
In order to reduce the landfill amount, the garbage is classified, and the organic garbage biological treatment is an effective method for reducing the treatment cost and recycling energy. Biological treatment of organic waste includes aerobic biological treatment (i.e., composting) and anaerobic biological treatment (i.e., anaerobic digestion). The composting process has large energy consumption and odor generation, and the high-moisture content garbage can possibly cause uneven oxygen supply to the compost and is difficult to meet the harmless sanitary requirements. The organic garbage is subjected to anaerobic digestion treatment, so that methane can be generated; the residue and biogas slurry after anaerobic digestion are high-quality organic fertilizers, and can be applied to farmlands to improve soil and increase fertilizer efficiency; anaerobic digestion can also eliminate odor and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and the like. Therefore, the anaerobic digestion treatment of organic garbage has obvious environmental and economic advantages.
However, the technical bottleneck of anaerobic digestion of organic garbage is that the fermentation is deteriorated, the digestion time is long, and the homogenization is difficult. The most important technical problem is that the rates of the anaerobic digestion hydrolysis process and the methanation process of the organic garbage are not matched, and organic acid accumulation caused by overhigh hydrolysis and acidification speed is easy to occur in the early stage of fermentation, so that the system is difficult to start and fails to operate. In order for anaerobic digestion to truly become the primary mode of waste treatment, these key problems that restrict the application of organic waste anaerobic digestion projects must be addressed.
The current domestic garbage anaerobic treatment method focuses on kitchen garbage and vegetable waste, and a few researches focus on organic garbage fermentation devices. For example, chinese patent document CN105420083A discloses a combined anaerobic digestion treatment device and method for organic garbage. The method comprises an improved plug flow type anaerobic reactor and a plug flow type anaerobic reactor which are connected in sequence, wherein a biogas slurry reflux device is arranged in the plug flow type anaerobic reactor, and the raw materials in the improved plug flow type anaerobic reactor are subjected to size mixing, inoculation, plug flow and heat preservation. Chinese patent document CN105695322A discloses an aerobic-anaerobic combined garbage fermentation device and a fermentation method thereof, which are composed of a feeding hole, a fermentation barrel, a discharging chamber, an oxygen supply device, a water inlet pipe, a water discharge pipe, a liquid discharge pipe and a control system. Chinese patent document CN104893958A discloses an organic garbage high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation device, which comprises a hydrolysis acidification tank and a horizontal anaerobic fermentation tank, and realizes intermittent feeding, continuous operation and automatic discharging of the fermentation device, thereby avoiding blockage of a discharge outlet and facilitating operation.
Most of the technologies improve the existing devices according to the physical characteristics of the garbage, can realize smooth feeding and discharging of the solid garbage, but do not control acid production factors in the garbage fermentation process, lack matched technical means and measures for influencing factors in the garbage fermentation process, and cannot guarantee efficient anaerobic gas production of the garbage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an organic garbage anaerobic fermentation acidification control method, which solves the problems of fermentation deterioration and gas production delay caused by organic acid accumulation in the organic garbage anaerobic fermentation process, and improves the garbage anaerobic fermentation efficiency and the methane yield.
Description of the terms
Organic garbage: the organic garbage is also called wet garbage, and is waste containing organic matter in domestic garbage. Mainly paper, fiber, bamboo, kitchen residue and the like. More than 50% of the municipal solid waste is organic waste. The solid content is 15-40 wt% in mass percentage.
Inoculum: the material rich in methane bacteria is added into the methane tank in order to accelerate the start-up speed of methane fermentation and improve the gas production rate of the methane tank. The inoculum is anaerobic activated sludge consisting of anaerobic digesting bacteria, suspended matter and colloidal matter.
TS: the solid content is the percentage of the dry matter mass in the waste to the total mass of the waste.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an organic garbage anaerobic fermentation acidification control method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding an inoculum or the inoculum and an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum into the organic garbage to be treated, feeding the organic garbage into an anaerobic fermentation reactor for anaerobic fermentation, wherein the inoculum is biogas residues in a normal gas-producing biogas digester;
(2) refluxing fermentation liquor or adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum in the fermentation process; judging whether the fermentation system is acidified in the fermentation process, if the fermentation system is acidified, adjusting the reflux amount of the fermentation liquor and adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum; or adding plant ash or limewater clarified solution;
(3) after fermentation is carried out for 25-40 days, gas production is finished, the degradation rate of the organic garbage is more than or equal to 50%, and the fermentation residues can be used as organic fertilizers to be applied to farmlands.
Preferably, the organic garbage to be treated in the step (1) is classified and crushed before being added with the inoculum, the crushed organic garbage is crushed to have the particle size of 1-2 cm, and the garbage is classified into three types of a, b and c according to the TS concentration of the garbage;
the a type is organic garbage with TS content of 15-20%
The b type is organic garbage with the TS content of 20-25%
The c type is organic garbage with TS content of more than 25%.
Further preferably, different types of organic garbage are specifically treated before anaerobic fermentation in the step (1) as follows:
adding inoculums accounting for 30-50% of TS content of the organic garbage into the class a garbage, and adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum to the organic garbage is 1 (150-200), and the addition amount of the inoculums is calculated by TS;
adding inoculum accounting for 20-30% of TS content of the garbage of class b, wherein the addition amount of the inoculum is counted by TS;
adding water or biogas slurry into the c-type garbage to dilute the c-type garbage to TS 20-25%, and then adding an inoculum accounting for 20-30% of the TS content of the organic garbage, wherein the addition amount of the inoculum is calculated by TS.
According to the invention, the water content of the biogas residue in the step (1) is preferably 80-85% by mass, and the water content of the biogas residue is preferably 50-60%. The water content of the biogas residues in the normal biogas generating tank is higher, and the water content can be reduced by adopting a solid-liquid separation mode.
Preferably, in the step (1), the alkaligenic accelerating microbial inoculum is prepared by respectively performing liquid fermentation on Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580, Bacillus cereus ATCC 4342 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21005 to obtain fermentation liquor and mixing the fermentation liquor, wherein the total effective viable count in the microbial preparation is (13-26) × 108cfu/m L, wherein the effective viable bacteria ratio of the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus cereus and the pseudomonas subtilis is (3-6), (3-6) and (2-4), and the strains are purchased from American type culture Collection.
Liquid fermentations are carried out according to conventional techniques known in the art.
Preferably, in the step (1), the organic garbage to be treated and the inoculum or the inoculum and the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum are fully stirred and mixed for feeding, the class a garbage is fermented in a semi-continuous mode, the feeding frequency is 3-5 d, and the feeding amount of each time is 10-15% of the tank volume of the reactor; and the b-type garbage and the diluted c-type garbage adopt a batch fermentation mode.
Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation in the step (1) is medium-temperature fermentation at the temperature of 30-35 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), when the class a garbage is normally fermented, the fermentation liquor is refluxed, and the reflux ratio of the fermentation liquor is 20-30%; b. adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum into the c-type garbage in fermentation 2-4 d, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum to the organic garbage is 1 (100-200).
Preferably, in the step (2), the pH value of the fermentation liquor, the VFA (volatile fatty acid) and the TIC alkalinity ratio are used for judging whether the fermentation system is acidified or not during the fermentation process.
Further preferably, the specific judgment standard for acidification of the fermentation system is as follows:
the pH value of the class a garbage is less than 6.0, and VFA/TIC is more than 0.8, the fermentation system is in an acidification state;
b. the pH value of the c-type garbage is less than 5.5, and the VFA/TIC is more than 1.0, the fermentation system is in an acidification state;
the other conditions are normal fermentation of the fermentation system.
Preferably, in the step (2), when the fermentation system of the a-type garbage is acidified, the feeding frequency of the a-type garbage is adjusted to be 6-8 d, the reflux ratio of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to be 30-50%, an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum is added during feeding, and the using amount of the microbial inoculum is the same as that in the step (1).
Preferably, in the step (2), plant ash accounting for 5-10% of the mass ratio of the organic garbage or limewater clarified liquid accounting for 3-5% of the mass ratio of the organic garbage is added when the b-type garbage fermentation system and the c-type garbage fermentation system are acidified.
The invention preferably adopts a technical scheme that:
an acidification control method for an organic garbage anaerobic fermentation process comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the organic garbage after the household garbage classification to 1-2 cm for later use, and classifying the garbage into three types of a, b and c according to the TS concentration of the garbage;
(2) adding inoculums accounting for 30-50% of TS content of the organic garbage into the class a garbage, and adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum to the organic garbage is 1 (150-200), and the addition amount of the inoculums is calculated by TS;
adding inoculum accounting for 20-30% of TS content of the garbage of class b, wherein the addition amount of the inoculum is counted by TS;
adding water or biogas slurry into the c-type garbage to dilute the c-type garbage to TS 20-25%, and then adding an inoculum accounting for 20-30% of the TS content of the organic garbage, wherein the addition amount of the inoculum is calculated by TS;
(3) fully stirring and mixing organic garbage to be treated with an inoculum or the inoculum and an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum, feeding the mixture into an anaerobic fermentation reactor for anaerobic fermentation, wherein the inoculum is biogas residue in a normal gas-producing biogas digester, and the water content is 80-85% by mass percent;
the class a garbage is fermented in a semi-continuous mode, the feeding frequency is 3-5 d, and the feeding amount of each time is 10-15% of the volume of a reactor;
the class b garbage and the diluted class c garbage adopt a batch fermentation mode;
(4) when the class a garbage is normally fermented, refluxing the fermentation liquor, wherein the reflux ratio of the fermentation liquor is 20-30%, and refluxing is carried out during each feeding; b. adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum into the c-type garbage at the fermentation stage 2-4 d, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum to the organic garbage is 1 (100-200);
(5) and judging whether the fermentation system is acidified or not according to the pH value of the fermentation liquor, VFA (volatile fatty acid) and TIC alkalinity ratio in the fermentation process.
Further preferably, the specific judgment standard for acidification of the fermentation system is as follows:
the pH value of the class a garbage is less than 6.0, and VFA/TIC is more than 0.8, the fermentation system is in an acidification state;
b. the pH value of the c-type garbage is less than 5.5, and the VFA/TIC is more than 1.0, the fermentation system is in an acidification state;
the rest conditions are normal fermentation of the fermentation system;
and (3) adjusting the feeding frequency of the class-a garbage to 6-8 d and the reflux ratio of the fermentation liquor to 30% -50% during acidification of the class-a garbage fermentation system, and simultaneously adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum during feeding, wherein the using amount of the microbial inoculum is the same as that in the step (1).
b. When the c-type garbage fermentation system is acidified, adding plant ash accounting for 5-10% of the mass ratio of the organic garbage or limewater clarifying solution accounting for 3-5% of the mass ratio of the organic garbage;
(6) after fermentation is carried out for 25-40 days, gas production is finished, the degradation rate of the organic garbage exceeds 50%, and the fermentation residues can be used as organic fertilizers to be applied to farmlands.
The crushing can be carried out by a crusher, and the preferable type is a common crusher which is commercially available.
The organic garbage anaerobic fermentation acidification control method can be implemented by adopting the existing reaction device.
The class a garbage adopts a semi-continuous fermentation anaerobic reactor, and the anaerobic reactor invented in the publication No. CN103614288B 'a high solid anaerobic reaction device and anaerobic reaction method for organic garbage' can be used in practical production.
b. The class c garbage adopts a batch fermentation anaerobic reactor, and a garage type anaerobic reactor can be selected.
Preferably, the method for measuring TIC and VFA adopts a Nordmann titration method, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, filtering a sample to remove massive impurities, taking a sample solution with the volume V, titrating the solution to the pH value of 5.0 by using 0.05 mol/L diluted sulfuric acid, and recording the volume reading V of the consumed diluted sulfuric acid1The dilute sulfuric acid consumed in the process is HCO in solution3－Or H2CO3Conversion of inorganic carbon to CO2The titration of the solution was continued to pH 4.4, at which time the volume reading V of dilute sulfuric acid was recorded2，V2－V1The dilute sulfuric acid of (a) functions to convert the VFA in solution from an ionic state to a molecular state. The mass concentration calculation formula of VFA and TIC is as follows:
VFA/TIC＝[(V2-V1)×6.64-0.15]×500/V1×1000
the raw materials and equipment used in the invention are all the prior art without special description.
The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the organic acid accumulation in the organic garbage anaerobic fermentation process is controlled, the gas production delay is reduced, the organic garbage produces methane through anaerobic fermentation, the TS of the garbage is controlled to be 20-25% in the initial stage and is in a range which is difficult to acidify, and the hydrolysis acidification speed is too high if the concentration is too low; if the concentration is too high, the material is difficult to homogenize and local toxic substances accumulate. Too low and too high TS concentration easily causes deterioration of fermentation. If the concentration is lower than 20%, the method of the invention adopts the method of adding the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum and improving the inoculation amount, and can allocate the fermentation flora, neutralize the pH value of the system and promote the advantageous effect of methanogens. If the system has an acidification phenomenon, the excessive propagation of acid-producing bacteria is inhibited by technical means of adding a microbial inoculum, adjusting reflux ratio, adjusting feeding frequency and the like in time, the coordination among system microorganisms can be effectively maintained, the antagonism of the acid-producing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria is avoided, the technical problems of fermentation deterioration and gas production delay caused by organic acid accumulation are solved, and the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of garbage and the methane yield are improved.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides an acidification control method for an anaerobic fermentation process of organic garbage, aiming at the problems of easy acidification, uneven mass transfer, deteriorated fermentation and the like during the anaerobic fermentation of the organic garbage, so as to achieve the aim of high-efficiency gas production through normal fermentation.
1. The method has strong pertinence. Aiming at the specific characteristics of the anaerobic fermentation of the organic garbage with different TS concentrations, the invention adopts different technical methods to realize high-efficiency fermentation.
2. The method has reasonable technology. The invention adjusts the microbial flora in the anaerobic fermentation process of the organic garbage by combining the microbial technology and the process technology, promotes the normal action of methanogens, and improves the gas production efficiency.
3. The method has wide applicability. The method for controlling the anaerobic fermentation acidification of the organic garbage can be suitable for treating various types of and mixed garbage including kitchen waste, vegetable and fruit waste, human and animal excrement, paper and the like, can select different fermentation parameters according to different fermentation materials, and has wide application range.
4. The technical method of the invention is convenient to operate. The indexes adopted in the fermentation process are convenient to detect, the adopted technical means are simple to operate, the materials are convenient to obtain, the practicability is high, and the method can be widely popularized and applied in rural areas.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to further illustrate the invention so as to enable those skilled in the art to further understand the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples are not described in detail and are in accordance with the prior art in the field.
The microbial agents used in the examples are commercially available products, and Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus TCC 14580, Bacillus cereus ATCC 4342 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21005 are all purchased from American type culture Collection.
Example 1: rural organic domestic garbage, TS 16-18%.
The main components of the rural organic domestic garbage comprise kitchen waste, vegetable, fruit, vegetable, leaf, paper and the like.
The acidification control method for the anaerobic fermentation process of the rural organic domestic garbage comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the garbage as a-type garbage according to the TS concentration of the garbage, and crushing the classified organic garbage to 1-2 cm for later use;
(2) adding 50% of inoculum into the garbage, and adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum to the organic garbage is 1: 200.
The alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum is prepared by respectively performing liquid fermentation on bacillus licheniformis, bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis to obtain fermentation liquor and uniformly mixing, and the total effective viable count in the acidification microbial preparation is 20 × 108cfu/m L, wherein the effective viable count ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus cereus to the bacillus subtilis is 4: 4: 3;
(3) the materials are fully stirred and mixed, and are filled into a high-solid anaerobic fermentation reactor described in CN 103614288B. Semi-continuous fermentation is adopted, the feeding frequency is 4d, and the feeding amount of each time is 12 percent of the volume of the reactor.
(4) The fermentation liquor backflow is carried out during each feeding, and the garbage fermentation liquor backflow ratio is 25%.
(5) During the fermentation process, the pH value of the fermentation liquor, VFA (volatile fatty acid) and TIC alkalinity ratio are used for judging whether the system is acidified.
If the pH is less than 6.0 and VFA/TIC > 0.8, the fermentation system is already in an acidified state. In other cases, the system can ferment normally.
If the fermentation system has been acidified, the following adjustments are made:
the feeding frequency of the class a garbage is adjusted to 6-8 d, an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum is added during feeding, and the using amount of the microbial inoculum is the same as that in the step (2). The reflux ratio of the fermentation liquid was adjusted to 40%.
(6) The gas production rate of the tank volume can reach 1.0m after the normal operation for 3d3Biogas/m3The tank capacity is that the degradation rate of the organic garbage is 60 percent, the gas production lag phase is reduced by more than 15 days, and the fermentation residues can be used as organic fertilizer to be applied to farmlands.
Example 2: vegetable waste garbage in the vegetable area is collected, and TS 20-23.
The main components of the vegetable waste garbage in the intensive vegetable area are vegetable straws, residual vegetable leaves, residual melons and fruits and the like.
The acidification control method for the vegetable waste garbage anaerobic fermentation process in the intensive vegetable area comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the garbage as class b garbage according to the TS concentration of the garbage, and crushing the classified organic garbage to 1-2 cm for later use;
(2) adding inoculum with 25% of garbage TS content into garbage.
(3) The materials are fully stirred and mixed, and are loaded into a garage type anaerobic fermentation reactor for batch fermentation. The fermentation period is 30 d.
(4) And adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum in the fermentation 3d, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum to the organic garbage is 1: 150.
The alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum is prepared by respectively performing liquid fermentation on bacillus licheniformis, bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis to obtain fermentation liquor and uniformly mixing, and the total effective viable count in the acidification microbial preparation is 15 × 108cfu/m L, wherein the effective viable count ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus cereus to the bacillus subtilis is 4: 3: 4;
(5) during the fermentation process, the pH value of the fermentation liquor, VFA (volatile fatty acid) and TIC alkalinity ratio are used for judging whether the system is acidified.
If the pH is less than 5.5 and VFA/TIC > 1.0, the fermentation system is already in an acidified state. In other cases, the system can ferment normally.
If the fermentation system has been acidified, the following adjustments are made:
adding plant ash accounting for 5-10% of the garbage by mass.
(6) The gas production rate of the tank volume during the fermentation period can reach 1.0m3Biogas/m3And (4) tank capacity. After fermentation for 35 days, gas production is finished and acidification is not performed for controlCompared with garbage preparation, the fermentation period is shortened by more than 10d, the degradation rate of the organic garbage is 50% during fermentation, and the fermentation residues can be used as organic fertilizers to be applied to farmlands.
Example 3: organic garbage of farmers is dispersed, and TS 25-30%.
The main components of the organic garbage of the decentralized farmers are livestock and poultry manure, straws, organic domestic garbage and the like.
The acidification control method for the anaerobic fermentation process of organic garbage of the decentralized farmers comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the garbage as c-type garbage according to the TS concentration of the garbage, and crushing the classified organic garbage to 1-2 cm for later use;
(2) adding water or biogas slurry into the garbage to dilute the garbage to TS 22%, and adding an inoculum with the content of the TS of the garbage being 30% into the garbage.
(3) The materials are fully stirred and mixed, and are loaded into a garage type anaerobic fermentation reactor for batch fermentation. Fermentation period 33 d.
(4) And adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum in the fermentation step 4d, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum to the organic garbage is 1: 150.
The alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum is prepared by respectively performing liquid fermentation on bacillus licheniformis, bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis to obtain fermentation liquor and uniformly mixing, and the total effective viable count in the acidification microbial preparation is 13 × 108cfu/m L, wherein the effective viable count ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus cereus to the bacillus subtilis is 3: 4: 4;
(5) during the fermentation process, the pH value of the fermentation liquor, VFA (volatile fatty acid) and TIC alkalinity ratio are used for judging whether the system is acidified.
If the pH is less than 5.5 and VFA/TIC > 1.0, the fermentation system is already in an acidified state. In other cases, the system can ferment normally.
If the fermentation system has been acidified, the following adjustments are made:
adding limewater clarifying solution with 3-5% of garbage mass ratio.
(6) The gas production rate of the tank volume during the fermentation period can reach 1.0m3Biogas/m3And (4) tank capacity. Fermentation 35d, gas production is finished, compared with the garbage controlled without acidification, the fermentation period is shortened by more than 10d, the degradation rate of the organic garbage is 55 percent, and the fermentation residues can be used as organic fertilizers to be applied to farmlands.
Claims (3)
1. An acidification control method for an organic garbage anaerobic fermentation process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing the organic garbage after the household garbage classification to 1-2 cm for later use, and classifying the garbage into three types of a, b and c according to the TS concentration of the garbage;
the a type is organic garbage with the TS content of 15-20%;
the b type is organic garbage with the TS content of 20-25%;
the class c is organic garbage with the TS content of more than 25 percent;
(2) adding inoculums accounting for 30-50% of TS content of the organic garbage into the class a garbage, and adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum to the organic garbage is 1 (150-200), and the addition amount of the inoculums is calculated by TS; adding inoculum accounting for 20-30% of TS content of the garbage of class b, wherein the addition amount of the inoculum is counted by TS; adding water or biogas slurry into the c-type garbage to dilute the c-type garbage to TS 20-25%, and then adding an inoculum accounting for 20-30% of the TS content of the organic garbage, wherein the addition amount of the inoculum is calculated by TS;
(3) fully stirring and mixing organic garbage to be treated with an inoculum or the inoculum and an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum, feeding the mixture into an anaerobic fermentation reactor for anaerobic fermentation, wherein the inoculum is biogas residue in a normal gas-producing biogas digester, and the water content is 80-85% by mass percent; the class a garbage is fermented in a semi-continuous mode, the feeding frequency is 3-5 d, and the feeding amount of each time is 10-15% of the volume of a reactor; the class b garbage and the diluted class c garbage adopt a batch fermentation mode;
(4) when the class a garbage is normally fermented, refluxing the fermentation liquor, wherein the reflux ratio of the fermentation liquor is 20-30%, and refluxing is carried out during each feeding; b. adding an alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum into the c-type garbage at the fermentation stage 2-4 d, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum to the organic garbage is 1 (100-200);
(5) judging whether the fermentation system is acidified or not according to the pH value of the fermentation liquor, VFA (volatile fatty acid) and TIC alkalinity ratio in the fermentation process; the specific judgment standard for whether the fermentation system is acidified is as follows:
the pH value of the class a garbage is less than 6.0, and VFA/TIC is more than 0.8, the fermentation system is in an acidification state;
b. the pH value of the c-type garbage is less than 5.5, and the VFA/TIC is more than 1.0, the fermentation system is in an acidification state;
the rest conditions are normal fermentation of the fermentation system;
when the fermentation system of the class a garbage is acidified, adjusting the feeding frequency of the class a garbage to be 6-8 d, adjusting the reflux ratio of fermentation liquor to be 30-50%, and simultaneously adding an alkali-producing accelerating microbial inoculum during feeding, wherein the using amount of the microbial inoculum is the same as that in the step (2);
b. when the c-type garbage fermentation system is acidified, adding plant ash accounting for 5-10% of the mass ratio of the organic garbage or limewater clarifying solution accounting for 3-5% of the mass ratio of the organic garbage;
(6) after fermentation is carried out for 25-40 days, gas production is finished, the degradation rate of the organic garbage exceeds 50%, and fermentation residues can be used as organic fertilizers to be applied to farmlands;
the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum is prepared by respectively carrying out liquid fermentation on Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580, Bacillus cereus ATCC 4342 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21005 to obtain fermentation liquid and mixing, wherein the total effective viable count of the alkali-producing promoting microbial inoculum is (13-26) × 108cfu/m L, wherein the effective viable bacteria ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus cereus to the bacillus subtilis is (3-6) to (2-4).
2. The method for controlling the anaerobic fermentation acidification of organic garbage according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic fermentation is medium temperature fermentation, and the temperature is 30-35 ℃.
3. The method for controlling the anaerobic fermentation acidification of organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein TIC and VFA are measured by Nordmann titration.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN112250481A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-22 | 重庆市环卫集团有限公司 | Kitchen waste anaerobic digestion intelligent monitoring and safety early warning system and method |
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