CN112250481A - Kitchen waste anaerobic digestion intelligent monitoring and safety early warning system and method - Google Patents
Kitchen waste anaerobic digestion intelligent monitoring and safety early warning system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002479 acid--base titration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kitchen waste anaerobic digestion intelligent monitoring and safety early warning system and a kitchen waste anaerobic digestion intelligent monitoring and safety early warning method, which comprise the following steps of S1: collecting and storing parameters in the working process of the anaerobic digestion reactor for the kitchen waste; s2: calculating a stabilization index SI according to the acquired parameters, and setting a first alarm threshold and a second alarm threshold; s3: when the stabilization index SI reaches a first alarm threshold value, the safety early warning subsystem sends out a first alarm signal; and when the stabilization index SI reaches a second alarm threshold value, the safety early warning subsystem sends out a second alarm signal, and meanwhile, the system stops working. By monitoring and calculating the working parameters of the reactor, the invention sends out the early warning instruction when the stabilization index reaches the early warning threshold value, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the anaerobic digestion of the kitchen waste, improving the early warning accuracy and timeliness of an anaerobic digestion reaction system, feeding back the abnormal condition of the system in time, realizing the regulation and control of the fermentation process of the kitchen waste and improving the operation stability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment monitoring and early warning, in particular to a kitchen garbage anaerobic digestion intelligent monitoring and safety early warning system and method.
Background
The rapid development of national economy and the continuous improvement of the living standard of residents push the catering industry of each city to enter a rapid development stage, but simultaneously, the city faces the situation of a garbage enclosing city, the quantity of kitchen waste generated in China every year is more than 7000 million tons, and a large amount of kitchen waste seriously influences the urban environment, so that the urbanization development is hindered, and the human health is harmed. However, the kitchen waste is high in organic matter content and easy to degrade, researchers convert the kitchen waste into the biogas by using an anaerobic digestion technology, and fermentation residues are used as organic fertilizers and soil conditioners, so that pollution and pathogenic hazard are reduced, and effective recycling of resources is realized.
The kitchen waste in China has complex components and high oil content, and a large amount of volatile fatty acid is easily generated at the initial stage of degradation in the anaerobic digestion process, so that the balance between acid-producing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria is broken, the generation of methane is inhibited, and the operation collapse of an anaerobic reactor is promoted, so that the effective monitoring of parameters in the anaerobic digestion process is very important. At present, the degree of automation of domestic anaerobic digestion equipment is poor, process monitoring is incomplete, the problem that the anaerobic digestion is difficult to control accurately is caused by the fact that the early warning index lags, the process cannot be diagnosed quickly and accurately, therefore, a digestion process basic parameter automatic detection system is developed, the digestion process is intelligently monitored through timely and accurate data feedback, the system is early warned abnormally in advance, the fermentation process is regulated and controlled timely, and the stability of the anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste is guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low early warning accuracy and poor timeliness of an anaerobic digestion reaction system in the prior art, the invention provides the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion intelligent monitoring and safety early warning system and method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an intelligent monitoring and safety early warning system for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste comprises a kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor, an intelligent monitoring subsystem and a safety early warning subsystem;
the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor is used for carrying out digestion treatment on the kitchen waste;
the intelligent monitoring subsystem is used for detecting parameters in the working process of the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor and calculating to obtain a stabilization index according to the parameters;
and the safety early warning subsystem is used for setting an alarm threshold value and outputting an alarm signal when the stabilization index reaches the alarm threshold value.
Preferably, the anaerobic digestion reactor for the kitchen waste comprises a parameter detection module, an anaerobic digestion main body fermentation tank and a control module;
the parameter detection module is used for detecting parameters of the working process of the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor;
and the control module is used for adjusting the stirring rotating speed, the stirring temperature and the stirring feeding amount in the anaerobic digestion main body fermentation tank.
Preferably, the parameter detection module comprises an acid-base titration unit, a gas analysis unit, a PH meter and a temperature sensor.
Preferably, the acid-base titration unit adopts coarse and fine filtration and a combined dilution method to carry out hierarchical gradual filtration and dilution on the kitchen waste.
Preferably, the intelligent monitoring subsystem comprises a parameter collection module, a data calculation module and an index display module;
the parameter collecting module is used for collecting parameters in the working process of the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor and transmitting the parameters to the data calculating module;
the data calculation module is used for calculating a stabilization index SI according to the parameters of the parameter collection module, and the calculation function of the stabilization index SI is SI ═ Σ f (TA, BA, VFA and Q);
and the index display module is used for displaying the stabilization index SI.
Preferably, the index display module includes a stable region, an early warning region, and an unbalance region.
The invention also provides an intelligent monitoring and safety early warning method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting and storing parameters in the working process of the anaerobic digestion reactor for the kitchen waste;
s2: calculating a stabilization index SI according to the acquired parameters, and setting a first alarm threshold and a second alarm threshold; the calculation mode of the stabilization index SI is SI ═ Σ f (TA, BA, VFA, Q);
s3: when the stabilization index SI reaches a first alarm threshold value, the safety early warning subsystem sends out a first alarm signal; and when the stabilization index SI reaches a second alarm threshold value, the safety early warning subsystem sends out a second alarm signal, and meanwhile, the system stops working.
Preferably, the parameters of the anaerobic digestion reactor for kitchen waste in the working process comprise total alkalinity TA, bicarbonate alkalinity BA, volatile fatty acid VFA, pH value, temperature, gas composition and gas production Q.
Preferably, the first alarm threshold is 10 and the first alarm threshold is 7.5.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
by the comprehensive calculation of the digestion parameters, the stabilization index is obtained to intelligently judge the operation stability of the digestion system, and when the stabilization index reaches the early warning threshold, the early warning instruction is sent out, so that the stable operation of the anaerobic digestion of the kitchen waste is ensured, the early warning accuracy and timeliness of an anaerobic digestion reaction system are improved, the abnormal condition of the system is fed back in time, the regulation and control of the fermentation process of the kitchen waste are realized, and the operation stability of the system is improved.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent monitoring and safety pre-warning system for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent monitoring subsystem according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent monitoring and safety early warning method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an intelligent monitoring and safety early warning system for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste, which comprises a kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor, an intelligent monitoring subsystem and a safety early warning subsystem; the anaerobic digestion reactor is connected with the input end of the intelligent monitoring subsystem, the output end of the intelligent monitoring subsystem is connected with the input end of the safety early warning subsystem, and the safety early warning subsystem outputs an alarm signal.
The anaerobic digestion reactor for the kitchen waste is used for carrying out digestion treatment on the kitchen waste. The anaerobic digestion reactor for the kitchen waste comprises a parameter detection module, an anaerobic digestion main body fermentation tank and a control module.
The parameter detection module is used for detecting parameters of the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor in the kitchen waste treatment process and comprises an acid-base titration unit, a gas analysis unit, a PH meter, a temperature sensor and the like. The acid-base titration unit is used for measuring TA (total alkalinity) and BA (bicarbonate alkalinity), the gas analysis unit is used for measuring VFA (Volatile fatty acid), gas components and gas production Q, the PH meter is used for measuring the PH value, and the temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature.
In the embodiment, the acid-base titration unit adopts coarse and fine filtration and a combined dilution method to carry out hierarchical gradual filtration and dilution, so that the risk of screen blockage is effectively reduced, and the stability and accuracy of parameter detection are improved.
The anaerobic digestion main fermentation tank is used for pouring kitchen waste into the anaerobic digestion main fermentation tank and treating the kitchen waste.
And the control module is used for adjusting the rotating speed, the temperature and the feeding amount of stirring in the anaerobic digestion main body fermentation tank so as to better treat the kitchen waste.
As shown in fig. 2, the intelligent monitoring subsystem is a programmable digital PLC automatic control system, and includes a parameter collection module, a data calculation module, and an index display module. The output end of the parameter collection module is connected with the input end of the data calculation module, and the output end of the data calculation module is connected with the input end of the index display module.
In this embodiment, the parameter collecting module is configured to receive parameters detected by the parameter detecting module, including TA (total alkalinity), BA (bicarbonate alkalinity), VFA (volatile fatty acid), PH, temperature, gas composition, and gas yield Q.
And the data calculation module is used for calculating a stabilization index SI according to the parameters of the parameter collection module, and the calculation mode of the stabilization index SI is based on a function of SI ═ Σ f (TA, BA, VFA and Q).
And the index display module is used for displaying the stabilization index SI and comprises a stable area (green), an early warning area (yellow) and an unbalance area (red). When the SI is more than 10, the index display module displays green, and the operation stability of the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor is indicated; when the SI is more than or equal to 7.5 and less than or equal to 10, the index display module displays yellow to indicate that the operation of the anaerobic digestion reactor of the kitchen waste tends to be unbalanced, and the safety early warning subsystem sends out a first alarm signal (for example, an indicator lamp flickers) until the stabilization index SI is recovered to be more than 10; when the SI is less than 7.5, the index display module displays red to indicate that the anaerobic digestion reactor of the kitchen waste is unbalanced in operation, and the safety early warning subsystem continuously sends out a second alarm signal (for example, an indicator lamp flickers and buzzes) to remind workers of paying attention.
Based on the device, the invention also provides an intelligent monitoring and safety early warning method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste, which specifically comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 3:
s1: collecting parameters in the working process of the anaerobic digestion reactor for the kitchen waste, wherein the parameters comprise TA (total alkalinity), BA (bicarbonate alkalinity), VFA (volatile fatty acid), PH value, temperature, gas components and gas production Q.
S2: and calculating the stabilization index SI according to the acquired parameters, and setting a first alarm threshold value and a second alarm threshold value.
The mode of calculation of the stabilization index SI is based on the function SI ═ Σ f (TA, BA, VFA, Q). E.g. SI Q105/(TA*BA*VFA)。
S3: when the stabilization index reaches a first alarm threshold value, the safety early warning subsystem sends out a first alarm signal; and when the stabilization index reaches a second alarm threshold value, the safety early warning subsystem sends out a second alarm signal, and the system stops working.
In the embodiment, when the SI is more than 10, the index display module displays green, which indicates that the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor runs stably; when the SI is more than or equal to 7.5 and less than or equal to 10, the index display module displays yellow to indicate that the operation of the anaerobic digestion reactor of the kitchen waste tends to be unbalanced, and the safety early warning subsystem sends out a first alarm signal (for example, an indicator lamp flickers) until the stabilization index SI is recovered to be more than 10, and the system still normally works; when the SI is less than 7.5, the index display module displays red to indicate that the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor is unbalanced in operation, and the safety early warning subsystem continuously sends out a second alarm signal (such as indicator light flashing and buzzing sound) to remind workers of paying attention, and meanwhile, the system stops working. When the first alarm signal is sent out, the system has the risk of unbalance, and is possibly temporary, so that the system can still normally work, and the treatment of the kitchen waste is not influenced; when the second alarm signal is sent, the system is unbalanced, so that the system should stop working immediately, and the problems of unstable operation and safety of the anaerobic digestion reactor for the kitchen waste are avoided.
The method and the device realize online detection of the stabilization index of the anaerobic digestion reactor of the kitchen waste, can not only timely and accurately judge the operation condition of the reactor, but also perform intelligent monitoring and automatic early warning on the digestion state, greatly reduce the risk of the anaerobic digestion balance collapse of the kitchen waste, and improve the operation stability of the reactor.
The invention selects kitchen waste in a certain area as a raw material, and carries out long-time load impact experiments of different organic compounds and retention time (7/10/15d) in an anaerobic digestion reactor, wherein the load impact lifting cycle of three experiments is 1kg VS/m3D S, initial impact load of the A and B reactors 5kg VS/m3D, C reactor initial impact load of 2kg VS/m3The d, A, B and C reactor load-lifting cycles were 7d, 10d and 15d, respectively. And calculating a system stabilization index by using the intelligent monitoring subsystem, applying the newly proposed stability index SI index to different experiments, comparing the stability index SI index with the early warning time of conventional early warning indexes such as VFA, TA, VFA/TA, BA/TA and the like, and analyzing the running state of the anaerobic digestion system.
TABLE 1 operating conditions of triple anaerobic digestion reactor
| Reactor with a reactor shell | Raw materials | Load (kgVS/m)3·d) | Residence time (d) |
| A | Kitchen waste | 5，6，7，8，9 | 7 |
| B | Kitchen waste | 5，6，7，8，9 | 10 |
| C | Kitchen waste | 2，3，4，5，6 | 15 |
TABLE 2 results of anaerobic digestion reactor A
TABLE 3 results of anaerobic digestion reactor B
TABLE 4 results of anaerobic digestion reactor C
From tables 1, 2, 3 and 4, the conventional early warning parameters are poor in early warning performance and later in early warning time, the risk of system unbalance is indirectly increased, the newly-proposed stabilization index SI can timely and accurately early warn the abnormality of the digestion system in advance for more than 10 days, more time is reserved for the instability of the regulation and control system, the risk of anaerobic digestion balance collapse of kitchen waste is greatly reduced, and the operation stability of the reactor is improved.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (9)
1. An intelligent monitoring and safety early warning system for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste is characterized by comprising a kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor, an intelligent monitoring subsystem and a safety early warning subsystem;
the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor is used for carrying out digestion treatment on the kitchen waste;
the intelligent monitoring subsystem is used for detecting parameters in the working process of the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor and calculating to obtain a stabilization index according to the parameters;
and the safety early warning subsystem is used for setting an alarm threshold value and outputting an alarm signal when the stabilization index reaches the alarm threshold value.
2. The intelligent monitoring and safety pre-warning system for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic digestion reactor of kitchen waste comprises a parameter detection module, an anaerobic digestion main body fermentation tank and a control module;
the parameter detection module is used for detecting parameters of the working process of the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor;
and the control module is used for adjusting the stirring rotating speed, the stirring temperature and the stirring feeding amount in the anaerobic digestion main body fermentation tank.
3. The intelligent monitoring and safety pre-warning system for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste according to claim 2, wherein the parameter detection module comprises an acid-base titration unit, a gas analysis unit, a PH meter and a temperature sensor.
4. The intelligent monitoring and safety pre-warning system for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste according to claim 3, wherein the acid-base titration unit adopts coarse and fine filtration and combined dilution method to carry out hierarchical gradual filtration and dilution on the kitchen waste.
5. The intelligent monitoring and safety precaution system for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the intelligent monitoring subsystem comprises a parameter collection module, a data calculation module and an index display module;
the parameter collecting module is used for collecting parameters in the working process of the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion reactor and transmitting the parameters to the data calculating module;
the data calculation module is used for calculating a stabilization index SI according to the parameters of the parameter collection module, and the calculation function of the stabilization index SI is SI ═ Σ f (TA, BA, VFA and Q);
and the index display module is used for displaying the stabilization index SI.
6. The intelligent monitoring and safety pre-warning system for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste according to claim 5, wherein said index display module comprises a stable area, a pre-warning area and an unbalanced area.
7. An intelligent monitoring and safety early warning method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: collecting and storing parameters in the working process of the anaerobic digestion reactor for the kitchen waste;
s2: calculating a stabilization index SI according to the acquired parameters, and setting a first alarm threshold and a second alarm threshold; the calculation mode of the stabilization index SI is SI ═ Σ f (TA, BA, VFA, Q);
s3: when the stabilization index SI reaches a first alarm threshold value, the safety early warning subsystem sends out a first alarm signal; and when the stabilization index SI reaches a second alarm threshold value, the safety early warning subsystem sends out a second alarm signal, and meanwhile, the system stops working.
8. The intelligent monitoring and safety precaution method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste according to claim 7, characterized in that parameters in the working process of the anaerobic digestion reactor of kitchen waste include total alkalinity TA, bicarbonate alkalinity BA, volatile fatty acid VFA, pH value, temperature, gas composition and gas production Q.
9. The intelligent monitoring and safety precaution method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste according to claim 7, characterized in that the first alarm threshold is 10 and the first alarm threshold is 7.5.
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