CN106635370B - 甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯及其制备方法和用该酯制备环保微量切削液 - Google Patents
甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯及其制备方法和用该酯制备环保微量切削液 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯,其特征在于:由包括以下组分的物质制备而成:甘露醇、脂肪酸、磷酸、聚乙二醇;其中,所述甘露醇与脂肪酸的摩尔比为1:3‑5;所述脂肪酸与聚乙二醇的重量比为1:0.5‑1;所述磷酸有效成分占总组分的重量百分比为2‑3%。采用本发明方法制备的甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯,具有优异的润滑性、极压抗磨性可全部或部分取代传统的含氯、硫、磷的极压抗磨剂使用于微量润滑中,少量的微量切削液就能满足金属加工的润滑冷却、极压抗磨和防锈要求,配合微量润滑装置使用,可节省润滑剂的使用量90%以上,节能减排、环境保护效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑技术领域,涉及一种甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯及其制备方法和用该酯制备环保微量切削液。
背景技术
传统的金属切削加工采用矿物油或植物油或切削液进行大量冲淋式润滑,润滑剂的使用量大,不仅浪费资源,造成加工场所和环境的巨大污染,同时还会严重影响操作工人的身体健康。
为解决这些问题,近期对微量润滑技术的研究取得一定的进展,微量润滑技术解决了以上润滑剂使用量大,污染严重等问题,但对微量润滑剂的研究,但在应用方面还存在一定的问题,主要是润滑和冷却问题不能很好的解决。
此外,微量润滑剂往往需要添加大量的含硫、含氯等对环境有较大压力的添加剂来增加产品的极压抗磨性,延长刀具使用寿命。
另外,由于追求使用的润滑剂使用量微少,所以组成原料往往不能降解,也会加重环境的负担。
发明内容
鉴于以上缺陷,本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,提供甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯及其制备方法和用该酯制备环保微量切削液。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯,其特征在于,由包括以下组分的物质制备而成:甘露醇、脂肪酸、磷酸、聚乙二醇;
其中,上述甘露醇与脂肪酸的摩尔比为1:3-5;
上述脂肪酸与聚乙二醇的重量比为1:0.5-1;
上述磷酸有效成分占总组分的重量百分比为2-3%。
上述的脂肪酸选自碳原子数为10-20的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸中的一种或几种,优选:正癸酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、肉豆蔻酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸中的一种或几种。
上述聚乙二醇选自分子量为200-1000的聚乙二醇中的一种或几种;优选商品型号:PEG200,PEG300,PEG400,PEG500,PEG600,PEG800,PEG1000中的一种或几种混合物。
上述甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯的具体工艺步骤如下所示:
步骤一:将甘露醇、脂肪酸、磷酸加入反应釜内,充入保护气(如:氮气、氩气等)转换出反应釜内空气,于180~220℃的反应温度下反应2-3小时;反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸酯。
步骤二、往反应釜内加入聚乙二醇搅拌,保持反应温度为160-180℃,聚合反应3-5小时后,反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯。
此外,本发明还提供了一种环保微量切削液,由以下重量百分比含量的组分制备而成:
甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯 10-50%;
水 余量。
将上述各组分,搅拌至溶液完全透明或半透明后,即为一种环保微量切削液。
另外,本发明还提供了上述环保微量切削液的优选方案,由以下重量百分比含量的组分制造而成:
上述的醇胺硼酸酯为一乙醇胺硼酸酯、二乙醇胺硼酸酯、三乙醇胺硼酸酯中的一种或几种的混合物,有良好的极压抗磨性和防锈性。
上述酰基肌氨酸可选自脂肪酸和肌氨酸进行缩合反应的产物中的一种或几种的混合物,酰基肌氨酸盐可选自脂肪酸与肌氨酸盐进行缩合反应的产物中的一种或几种。酰基肌氨酸和酰基肌氨酸盐均具有良好的防锈性和润滑性。
优选地,上述酰基肌氨酸盐优选自钠盐,上述酰基肌氨酸和/或酰基肌氨酸盐可选自月桂酰肌氨酸、月桂酰肌氨酸钠、肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸、肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸钠、油酰肌氨酸、油酰肌氨酸钠中的一种或几种的混合物。
上述硼酸盐为四硼酸钾、过硼酸钾、四硼酸钠、过硼酸钠中的一种或几种混合物,极压抗磨性和防锈性能佳。
上述钼酸盐为钼酸钠、钼酸钾或钼酸铵中的一种或几种的混合物,极压抗磨性和防锈性能佳。
另外,本发明还提供了上述环保微量切削液的制备方法,其特征在于:
将硼酸盐、钼酸盐加入去离子水中搅拌至完全溶解,加入甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯、醇胺硼酸酯、酰基肌氨酸或其盐加入搅拌至溶液完全透明或半透明;即为一种环保微量切削液。
发明的作用与效果
采用本发明方法制备的甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯,具有优异的润滑性、极压抗磨性可全部或部分取代传统的含氯、硫、磷的极压抗磨剂使用于微量润滑中,少量的微量切削液就能满足金属加工的润滑冷却、极压抗磨和防锈要求,配合微量润滑装置使用,可节省润滑剂的使用量90%以上,节能减排、环境保护效果显著。
醇胺硼酸酯、硼酸盐、钼酸盐均为良好的防锈剂和极压抗磨剂,同时使用具有协同增效性能。
酰基肌氨酸或其盐具有良好的防锈性,同时可使废液生物降解性能增强。
由此,在本发明中,将上述各组分以优选的配比进行组合,实现了各组分的有机融合,通过各组分的特点形成一个稳定的、均匀分散的微量润滑剂体系。
具体实施方式
实施例一
步骤一:称取甘露醇18217g(100mol)、正癸酸103356g(600mol)、4200g磷酸(有效成分85%)加入反应釜内,充入氮气转换出反应釜内空气,于220℃的反应温度下反应2小时;反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇正癸酸磷酸酯。
步骤二、往反应釜内加入PEG400聚乙二醇55000g搅拌,保持反应温度为180℃,聚合反应3小时后,反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇正癸酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯。
步骤三、将10g四硼酸钾、10g钼酸钾加入600g去离子水中搅拌至完全溶解,加入300g甘露醇正癸酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯、50g一乙醇胺硼酸酯、30g油酰基肌氨酸加入搅拌至溶液完全透明或半透明;即为一种环保微量切削液。
实施例二
步骤一:称取甘露醇18217g(100mol)、月桂酸60096g(300mol)、7000g磷酸(50%)加入反应釜内,充入氮气转换出反应釜内空气,于180℃的反应温度下反应3小时;反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇月桂酸磷酸酯。
步骤二、往反应釜内加入PEG800聚乙二醇60000g搅拌,保持反应温度为160℃,聚合反应5小时后,反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇月桂酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯。
步骤三、将5g四硼酸钠、5g钼酸钠加入去离子水中搅拌至完全溶解,加入200g甘露醇月桂酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯、40g二乙醇胺硼酸酯、20g月桂酰基肌氨酸钠加入搅拌至溶液完全透明;即为一种环保微量切削液。
实施例三
步骤一:称取甘露醇18217g(100mol)、肉豆蔻酸91348g(400mol)、8500g磷酸(50%)加入反应釜内,充入氮气转换出反应釜内空气,于200℃的反应温度下反应2.5小时;反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇肉豆蔻酸磷酸酯。
步骤二、往反应釜内加入PEG600聚乙二醇65000g搅拌,保持反应温度为170℃,聚合反应4小时后,反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇肉豆蔻酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯。
步骤三、将300g甘露醇肉豆蔻酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯加入700g水中搅拌至溶液完全透明或半透明;即为一种环保微量切削液。
实施例四
步骤一:称取甘露醇18217g(100mol)、亚油酸140220g(500mol)、10000g磷酸(50%)加入反应釜内,充入氮气转换出反应釜内空气,于205℃的反应温度下反应2.5小时;反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇亚油酸磷酸酯。
步骤二、往反应釜内加入PEG500聚乙二醇80000g搅拌,保持反应温度为160-180℃,聚合反应4小时后,反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇亚油酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯。
步骤三、将6g过硼酸钾、5g钼酸铵加入684g去离子水中搅拌至完全溶解,加入250g甘露醇亚油酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯、35g三乙醇胺硼酸酯、20g肉豆蔻酰基肌氨酸钠加入搅拌至溶液完全透明或半透明;即为一种环保微量切削液。
实施例五
步骤一:称取甘露醇18217g(100mol)、硬脂酸113792g(400mol)、10000g磷酸(50%)加入反应釜内,充入氮气转换出反应釜内空气,于210℃的反应温度下反应2小时;反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇硬脂酸磷酸酯。
步骤二、往反应釜内加入PEG500聚乙二醇70000g搅拌,保持反应温度为170℃,聚合反应4小时后,反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇硬脂酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯。
步骤三、将8g过硼酸钠加入去离子水中搅拌至完全溶解,加入280g甘露醇硬脂酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯、20g一乙醇胺硼酸酯、20g三乙醇胺硼酸酯、10g肉豆蔻酰基肌氨酸,加入搅拌至溶液完全透明或半透明;即为一种环保微量切削液。
实施例六
步骤一:称取甘露醇18217g(100mol)、油酸141235g(500mol)、7000g磷酸(有效成分85%)加入反应釜内,充入氮气转换出反应釜内空气,于200℃的反应温度下反应2.5小时;反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇油酸磷酸酯。
步骤二、往反应釜内加入PEG200聚乙二醇80000g搅拌,保持反应温度为180℃,聚合反应4小时后,反应后减压排出水分,即为甘露醇油酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯。
步骤三、将5g四硼酸钾、5g钼酸钾、5g钼酸铵加入665g去离子水中搅拌至完全溶解,加入260g甘露醇油酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯、40g三乙醇胺硼酸酯、20g油酰基肌氨酸钠加入搅拌至溶液完全透明;即为一种环保微量切削液。
将上述实施例六环保微量润滑剂用GB/T12583实验方法进行四球极压测试,试验结果:PD>620(kgf)。
将上述实施例六环保微量润滑剂应用于齿轮加工,滚齿机型号:Y3180HA;加工齿轮名称:直径320,3.5模数。原来用32#机械油进行循环润滑冷却,现在改为KS-2107微量润滑装置(3喷嘴,所有喷嘴为本公司生产节能喷嘴)和一种环保微量润滑剂,结果如下表:
将上述实施例六制备的环保微量润滑剂应用于铝合金零件数控车床加工,数控车床型号:CJK-0620。原来用乳化液进行循环润滑冷却,现在改为KS-2106微量润滑装置(U型喷嘴,2个出液/气孔)和环保微量润滑剂,结果如下表:
项目 | 传统润滑方式 | 微量润滑方式 |
加工一组零件所需时间 | 10分钟 | 10分钟 |
润滑剂消耗 | 10kg/天 | 0.3kg/天 |
工作现场 | 切削液到处流,现场脏乱 | 十分干净 |
Claims (11)
1.一种甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯,其特征在于:由包括以下组分的物质制备而成:甘露醇、脂肪酸、磷酸、聚乙二醇;
其中,所述甘露醇与脂肪酸的摩尔比为1:3-5;
所述脂肪酸与聚乙二醇的重量比为1:0.5-1;
所述磷酸有效成分占总组分的重量百分比为2-3%;
所述的甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯的制备方法,由如下具体工艺步骤制造而成:
步骤一:将甘露醇、脂肪酸、磷酸加入反应釜内,充入保护气转换出反应釜内空气,于180~220℃的反应温度下反应2-3小时后,减压排出水分,即为甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸酯;
步骤二、往反应釜内加入聚乙二醇搅拌,保持反应温度为160-180℃,反应3-5小时后,减压排出水分,即为甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯;
所述脂肪酸选自正癸酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、肉豆蔻酸、亚油酸、油酸中的一种或几种。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯,其特征在于:
所述聚乙二醇选自分子量为200-1000的聚乙二醇中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯,其特征在于:
所述聚乙二醇选自PEG200,PEG300,PEG400,PEG500,PEG600,PEG800,PEG1000中的一种或几种。
4.由权利要求1-3任一项所述甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯制备的一种环保微量切削液,其特征在于:将如下重量百分比含量的组分,搅拌至溶液完全透明或半透明后,即为一种环保微量切削液:
甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯 10-50%;
水 余量。
5.由权利要求1-3任一项所述甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯制备的一种环保微量切削液,其特征在于:由如下重量百分比含量的组分制备而成:
6.如权利要求5所述的一种环保微量切削液,其特征在于:
所述的醇胺硼酸酯为一乙醇胺硼酸酯、二乙醇胺硼酸酯、三乙醇胺硼酸酯中的一种或几种的混合物。
7.如权利要求5所述的一种环保微量切削液,其特征在于:
所述酰基肌氨酸选自脂肪酸与肌氨酸进行缩合反应的产物中的一种或几种。
8.如权利要求5所述的一种环保微量切削液,其特征在于:
所述酰基肌氨酸盐选自脂肪酸与肌氨酸盐进行缩合反应的产物中的一种或几种。
9.如权利要求5所述的一种环保微量切削液,其特征在于:
所述硼酸盐为四硼酸钾、过硼酸钾、四硼酸钠、过硼酸钠中的一种或几种;
所述钼酸盐为钼酸钠、钼酸钾或钼酸铵中的一种或几种。
10.如权利要求5所述的一种环保微量切削液,其特征在于:
所述酰基肌氨酸和/或酰基肌氨酸盐选自月桂酰肌氨酸、月桂酰肌氨酸钠、肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸、肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸钠、油酰肌氨酸、油酰肌氨酸钠中的一种或几种。
11.如权利要求5-10任一项所述的一种环保微量切削液,其特征在于:
将硼酸盐、钼酸盐加入去离子水中搅拌至完全溶解,加入甘露醇脂肪酸磷酸聚乙二醇酯、醇胺硼酸酯、酰基肌氨酸和/或酰基肌氨酸盐加入搅拌至溶液完全透明或半透明;即为一种环保微量切削液。
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