CN106635355A - 一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液 - Google Patents

一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液 Download PDF

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CN106635355A
CN106635355A CN201611157414.0A CN201611157414A CN106635355A CN 106635355 A CN106635355 A CN 106635355A CN 201611157414 A CN201611157414 A CN 201611157414A CN 106635355 A CN106635355 A CN 106635355A
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cutting fluid
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江海涛
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Tianchang Runda Metal Antirust Auxiliary Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液，由以下原料制备制成：精制矿物油、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、三乙醇胺、消泡剂、硼酸酰胺、棕榈酸、氯化钠、丙三醇、正硅酸乙酯、油酸、丙烯酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈3‑4、硼酸铝晶须、果胶、二羟基五硫化物、乙酸乙酯适量、氨水适量、无水乙醇适量、去离子水适量；本发明制备的微乳化切削液具有极强的减摩极压性能，防止刀具粘结磨损，提高加工表面精度及延长刀具的使用寿命，能够满足加工过程中的冷却性能，清洗效果好，独特的配方设计使其具有极强的生物稳定性，使用周期长，无刺激无污染。

Description

一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液
技术领域
本发明涉及微乳化切削液技术领域，尤其涉及一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液。
背景技术
金属切削液是金属加工过程中重要的配套材料，其主要作用是冷却、润滑、清洗和防锈。按照介质状况分为两大类：油基型和水基型切削液，油基型切削液的主要成分通常是矿物油（也有植物油或其他合成材料），并加入油溶性防锈剂、油性剂和含活性元素的极压润滑剂调合而成，相比水基切削液，油基切削液的润滑性能和防锈性能较好，但却具有易产生油雾、易着火等缺点，水基切削液是用大量的水将浓缩液稀释后使用的，因而不具有产生油烟和引发火灾的缺点，水的比热容大，热导率高，汽化热大，是非常优良的冷却剂，切且成本低廉，另外加工后的脱脂清洗也比较简单。微乳液是一种介于乳化液和合成液之间并兼具乳化液润滑性和合成液清晰性的性能优异的切削液，成本较低，是未来加工液的主要发展方向。随着经济的快速发展，各种钢铁和铝合金的加工也飞速发展，目前国内在钢铁和铝合金的润滑方面金属切削液研究较少，主要以进口为主，我国在这方面的的研究工作起步较晚，而且主要集中在材料加工成型上，对切削加工中的润滑和防腐蚀方面的问题重视不够。近年来随着新型加工机械的不断出现，加工条件日趋苛刻，对金属切削液也提出了更高的要求。
付巧莲在《添加剂在微乳液中对铝/钢润滑性能影响的研究》一文中针对铝-钢摩擦副难于润滑的问题，以水性微乳化液为基础液，系统的研究了氯系、磷系、硫系、酯类以及聚醚类五大类润滑添加剂在微乳化液中对钢-钢摩擦副、铝-钢摩擦副的润滑特性。研究发现微乳液的最大无卡咬负荷与添加剂的种类和用量有关，其中对钢-钢摩擦副的润滑效果是多硫化物LZ5340L在水基微乳液中的响应值最好，加入量为5%时最大无卡咬负荷值为1118N，其次是氯化脂肪酸DA8527，硫化甘油三酸酯RC2411也有较好的润滑性能；在微乳化液中对铝-钢的摩擦副润滑结果为，硫系添加剂RC2411对铝-钢的摩擦副润滑效果最好，当其浓度为4%时，铝销的磨损量只有0.1mg，LZ5340L在加入量为4%时，铝销的磨损量也只有0.2mg。通过一系列试验后发现硫系添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副和铝-钢摩擦副具有较好的润滑性能，对其机理进行初步分析认为硫系添加剂能在金属表面形成一层致密的硫化膜，降低剪切应力，起到润滑作用。虽然作者系统的研究了在微乳化液中添加硫系润滑剂能够有效的提高切削液的润滑性能，但是随着加工器件日趋多元化，人们对微乳化切削液的要求越来越高，防锈蚀和使用寿命问题是切削液加工过程中不得不考虑的一个重要因素，因此对微乳化切削液必须进行改性以期获得的切削液能够提高加工效率和工件的表面质量，同时延长刀具和切削液本身的使用寿命，降低加工成本，获得最佳经济效益才是当前的研究热点。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液，由以下重量份的原料制备制成：精制矿物油16-20、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺12-15、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚3.5-4.5、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱5-6、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚3.5-4、三乙醇胺3-4、消泡剂0.05-0.1、硼酸酰胺6-8、棕榈酸3.3-3.5、氯化钠2.2-2.4、丙三醇0.6-0.7、正硅酸乙酯2.5-3、油酸4-6、丙烯酰胺30-35、偶氮二异丁腈3-4、硼酸铝晶须2-3、果胶2-3、二羟基五硫化物4-5、乙酸乙酯适量、氨水适量、无水乙醇适量、去离子水适量。
所述一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液，由下列具体步骤制备制成：
（1）将正硅酸乙酯中加入油酸并加热至60℃下搅拌反应1h，再将硼酸铝晶须加到5-7倍量的无水乙醇中超声分散，然后和氨水、去离子水缓慢滴加到正硅酸乙酯混合溶液中，升高温度至70℃并恒温搅拌反应3-4h，然后在75-85℃的水浴环境下旋转蒸发至溶剂蒸发，将混合物置于80℃的鼓风干燥箱中完全烘干，粉碎后备用；
（2）将步骤（1）制备的产物加到无水乙醇中超声分散30-40min，然后加入乙酸乙酯、丙烯酰胺继续超声10min，混合均匀后再加入偶氮二异丁腈，通入氮气在60-65℃下搅拌反应6-8h，反应结束后干燥至恒重；
(3)在反应容器中加入精制矿物油，搅拌加热至60-65℃时依次加入棕榈酸、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，每加入一种物料搅拌均匀后即可加入下一种物料，而后加入硼酸酰胺，搅拌溶解均匀得油相体系；
（4）在容器中加入去离子水加热到70-80℃，在搅拌下缓慢加入果胶和氯化钠和丙三醇充分搅拌溶解，搅拌均匀后加入步骤(2)制备的产物超声分散均匀得水相体系；
（5）在保持60-70℃下将水相体系缓慢加到以200-300r/min转速搅拌的油相体系中，待水相体系滴加结束后控制反应温度为40-50℃，加入消泡剂得到基础浓缩液，向该浓缩液中加入其余剩余物料调成母液，用去离子水将其稀释成浓度为10%的微乳化切削液即可。
本发明的优点是：硼酸铝晶须具有良好的强度、耐高温性和韧性，但是容易缠绕及相互间化学吸附产生团聚，所以对其必须进行表面处理，本文利用油酸修饰生成的纳米二氧化硅包覆在硼酸铝晶须的表面，提高了分散性和稳定性，并将其作为固体粒子稳定剂应用到丙烯酰胺的分散聚合反应中，得到纳米复合物，增强了在水基切削液中的均匀分散性，提高了切削液的减磨性、抗蚀性和耐高温性，延长切削液的使用寿命，在微乳化切削液中加入果胶能够在钢铁和铝合金表面吸附形成一层润滑膜，能够起到减摩效果，可显著改善微乳化切削液的摩擦学性能，本发明制备的微乳化切削液具有极强的减摩极压性能，防止刀具粘结磨损，提高加工表面精度及延长刀具的使用寿命，能够满足加工过程中的冷却性能，清洗效果好，独特的配方设计使其具有极强的生物稳定性，使用周期长，无刺激无污染。
具体实施方式
一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液，由以下重量份（公斤）的原料制备制成：精制矿物油16、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺12、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚3.5、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱5、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚3.5、三乙醇胺3、消泡剂0.05、硼酸酰胺6、棕榈酸3.3、氯化钠2.2、丙三醇0.6、正硅酸乙酯2.5、油酸4、丙烯酰胺30、偶氮二异丁腈3、硼酸铝晶须2、果胶2、二羟基五硫化物4、乙酸乙酯适量、氨水适量、无水乙醇适量、去离子水适量。
所述一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液，由下列具体步骤制备制成：
（1）将正硅酸乙酯中加入油酸并加热至60℃下搅拌反应1h，再将硼酸铝晶须加到5倍量的无水乙醇中超声分散，然后和氨水、去离子水缓慢滴加到正硅酸乙酯混合溶液中，升高温度至70℃并恒温搅拌反应3h，然后在75℃的水浴环境下旋转蒸发至溶剂蒸发，将混合物置于80℃的鼓风干燥箱中完全烘干，粉碎后备用；
（2）将步骤（1）制备的产物加到无水乙醇中超声分散30min，然后加入乙酸乙酯、丙烯酰胺继续超声10min，混合均匀后再加入偶氮二异丁腈，通入氮气在60℃下搅拌反应6h，反应结束后干燥至恒重；
(3)在反应容器中加入精制矿物油，搅拌加热至60℃时依次加入棕榈酸、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，每加入一种物料搅拌均匀后即可加入下一种物料，而后加入硼酸酰胺，搅拌溶解均匀得油相体系；
（4）在容器中加入去离子水加热到70℃，在搅拌下缓慢加入果胶和氯化钠和丙三醇充分搅拌溶解，搅拌均匀后加入步骤(2)制备的产物超声分散均匀得水相体系；
（5）在保持60℃下将水相体系缓慢加到以200r/min转速搅拌的油相体系中，待水相体系滴加结束后控制反应温度为40℃，加入消泡剂得到基础浓缩液，向该浓缩液中加入其余剩余物料调成母液，用去离子水将其稀释成浓度为10%的微乳化切削液即可。
对实施例制备的微乳化切削液进行性能测试，结果如下：
贮存安定性：无变色、无分层；消泡性（mL•10-1min-1）：＜2；腐蚀试验（55±2℃，铸铁/h）：＞48；腐蚀试验（55±2℃，铝/h）：＞12；防锈性试验（铸铁，h）＞48；最大无卡咬负和（N）：928；抗磨性（N）：＞59。

Claims (2)

1.一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制备制成：精制矿物油16-20、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺12-15、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚3.5-4.5、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱5-6、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚3.5-4、三乙醇胺3-4、消泡剂0.05-0.1、硼酸酰胺6-8、棕榈酸3.3-3.5、氯化钠2.2-2.4、丙三醇0.6-0.7、正硅酸乙酯2.5-3、油酸4-6、丙烯酰胺30-35、偶氮二异丁腈3-4、硼酸铝晶须2-3、果胶2-3、二羟基五硫化物4-5、乙酸乙酯适量、氨水适量、无水乙醇适量、去离子水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种果胶修饰的微乳化切削液，其特征在于，由下列具体步骤制备制成：
（1）将正硅酸乙酯中加入油酸并加热至60℃下搅拌反应1h，再将硼酸铝晶须加到5-7倍量的无水乙醇中超声分散，然后和氨水、去离子水缓慢滴加到正硅酸乙酯混合溶液中，升高温度至70℃并恒温搅拌反应3-4h，然后在75-85℃的水浴环境下旋转蒸发至溶剂蒸发，将混合物置于80℃的鼓风干燥箱中完全烘干，粉碎后备用；
（2）将步骤（1）制备的产物加到无水乙醇中超声分散30-40min，然后加入乙酸乙酯、丙烯酰胺继续超声10min，混合均匀后再加入偶氮二异丁腈，通入氮气在60-65℃下搅拌反应6-8h，反应结束后干燥至恒重；
(3)在反应容器中加入精制矿物油，搅拌加热至60-65℃时依次加入棕榈酸、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，每加入一种物料搅拌均匀后即可加入下一种物料，而后加入硼酸酰胺，搅拌溶解均匀得油相体系；
（4）在容器中加入去离子水加热到70-80℃，在搅拌下缓慢加入果胶和氯化钠和丙三醇充分搅拌溶解，搅拌均匀后加入步骤(2)制备的产物超声分散均匀得水相体系；
（5）在保持60-70℃下将水相体系缓慢加到以200-300r/min转速搅拌的油相体系中，待水相体系滴加结束后控制反应温度为40-50℃，加入消泡剂得到基础浓缩液，向该浓缩液中加入其余剩余物料调成母液，用去离子水将其稀释成浓度为10%的微乳化切削液即可。
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