CN106635336A - 一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液 - Google Patents

一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液 Download PDF

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CN106635336A
CN106635336A CN201611157493.5A CN201611157493A CN106635336A CN 106635336 A CN106635336 A CN 106635336A CN 201611157493 A CN201611157493 A CN 201611157493A CN 106635336 A CN106635336 A CN 106635336A
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added
sodium
cutting fluid
resistant
deionized water
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江海涛
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Tianchang Runda Metal Antirust Auxiliary Co Ltd
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Tianchang Runda Metal Antirust Auxiliary Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液，由以下原料制备制成：精制矿物油、脂肪醇羟乙基磺酸钠、羟基合成醇聚氧乙烯醚、椰油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺、硼氢化钠、烷基醇胺、苯并三氮唑、二乙醇胺、石油磺酸钠、油酰胺、氯化钠、脂肪醇、丙三醇、消泡剂、纳米金刚石、亚硝酸钠、对氨基苯磺酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、丙二醇无规聚乙醚、过硫酸钾、苯胺适量、甲醇适量、盐酸适量、去离子水适量；本发明制备的微乳化切削液分散稳定性、粘度稳定性高，加工精度高，润滑性、冷却性、清洗性和防锈性能好，不腐蚀工件，不易变质，能满足多种加工材质的需求，应用前景广。

Description

一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液
技术领域
本发明涉及微乳化切削液技术领域，尤其涉及一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液。
背景技术
金属切削液是金属加工过程中重要的配套材料，其主要作用是冷却、润滑、清洗和防锈。按照介质状况分为两大类：油基型和水基型切削液，油基型切削液的主要成分通常是矿物油（也有植物油或其他合成材料），并加入油溶性防锈剂、油性剂和含活性元素的极压润滑剂调合而成，相比水基切削液，油基切削液的润滑性能和防锈性能较好，但却具有易产生油雾、易着火等缺点，水基切削液是用大量的水将浓缩液稀释后使用的，因而不具有产生油烟和引发火灾的缺点，水的比热容大，热导率高，汽化热大，是非常优良的冷却剂，切且成本低廉，另外加工后的脱脂清洗也比较简单。微乳液是一种介于乳化液和合成液之间并兼具乳化液润滑性和合成液清晰性的性能优异的切削液，成本较低，是未来加工液的主要发展方向。随着经济的快速发展，各种钢铁和铝合金的加工也飞速发展，目前国内在钢铁和铝合金的润滑方面金属切削液研究较少，主要以进口为主，我国在这方面的的研究工作起步较晚，而且主要集中在材料加工成型上，对切削加工中的润滑和防腐蚀方面的问题重视不够。近年来随着新型加工机械的不断出现，加工条件日趋苛刻，对金属切削液也提出了更高的要求。
付巧莲在《添加剂在微乳液中对铝/钢润滑性能影响的研究》一文中针对铝-钢摩擦副难于润滑的问题，以水性微乳化液为基础液，系统的研究了氯系、磷系、硫系、酯类以及聚醚类五大类润滑添加剂在微乳化液中对钢-钢摩擦副、铝-钢摩擦副的润滑特性。研究发现微乳液的最大无卡咬负荷与添加剂的种类和用量有关，其中对钢-钢摩擦副的润滑效果是多硫化物LZ5340L在水基微乳液中的响应值最好，加入量为5%时最大无卡咬负荷值为1118N，其次是氯化脂肪酸DA8527，硫化甘油三酸酯RC2411也有较好的润滑性能；在微乳化液中对铝-钢的摩擦副润滑结果为，硫系添加剂RC2411对铝-钢的摩擦副润滑效果最好，当其浓度为4%时，铝销的磨损量只有0.1mg，LZ5340L在加入量为4%时，铝销的磨损量也只有0.2mg。通过一系列试验后发现硫系添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副和铝-钢摩擦副具有较好的润滑性能，对其机理进行初步分析认为硫系添加剂能在金属表面形成一层致密的硫化膜，降低剪切应力，起到润滑作用。虽然作者系统的研究了在微乳化液中添加硫系润滑剂能够有效的提高切削液的润滑性能，但是随着加工器件日趋多元化，人们对微乳化切削液的要求越来越高，防锈蚀和使用寿命问题是切削液加工过程中不得不考虑的一个重要因素，因此对微乳化切削液必须进行改性以期获得的切削液能够提高加工效率和工件的表面质量，同时延长刀具和切削液本身的使用寿命，降低加工成本，获得最佳经济效益才是当前的研究热点。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液，由以下重量份的原料制备制成：精制矿物油15-20、脂肪醇羟乙基磺酸钠13-14、羟基合成醇聚氧乙烯醚10-11、椰油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺3.5-4.5、硼氢化钠24-27、烷基醇胺3.5-4、苯并三氮唑4-5、二乙醇胺3-4、石油磺酸钠2.6-2.8、油酰胺2.8-3.2、氯化钠2.2-2.4、脂肪醇1.3-1.6、丙三醇0.5-0.6、消泡剂0.05-0.1、纳米金刚石3-4、亚硝酸钠3-5、对氨基苯磺酸5.8-7、十二烷基硫酸钠30-35、丙二醇无规聚乙醚4-5、过硫酸钾10.5-12、苯胺适量、甲醇适量、盐酸适量、去离子水适量。
所述一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液，由下列具体步骤制备制成：
（1）将纳米金刚石加到去离子水中超声分散成浓度为1mg/ml悬浮液，调节pH值为9-10，再加入硼氢化钠搅拌均匀后在80℃水浴条件下持续搅拌1-1.5h，冷却至室温备用；同时冰水浴条件下将亚硝酸钠、对氨基苯磺酸和1mol/L盐酸溶液混合均匀，充分搅拌反应30min后加到备用的纳米金刚石悬浮液中，然后在冰水浴和室温条件下各反应2h，反应结束后用去离子水透析，干燥得到改性纳米金刚石；
（2）将十二烷基硫酸钠加到去离子水中，电动搅拌直至形成质量浓度为2%的乳化剂溶液，再加入苯胺搅拌混合均匀，然后在冰水浴条件下加入步骤（1）制备的产物，磁力搅拌1h得到均一的悬浮液，其中苯胺与步骤（1）制备的产物质量比为2-3:1，将过硫酸钾加到8.35%（v/v）的盐酸溶液中制成浓度为5%的过硫酸钾混合溶液，搅拌均匀后逐滴加到苯胺混合溶液中，在0-5℃下持续反应5-7h，反应结束后静置过夜，抽滤，并用去离子水和甲醇多次洗涤，直至滤液接近无色，将得到的固体物在真空干燥箱中在60℃下干燥12h，研成粉末备用；
(3)在反应容器中加入精制矿物油，搅拌加热至60-65℃时依次加入石油磺酸钠、油酰胺、脂肪醇羟乙基磺酸钠、羟基合成醇聚氧乙烯醚和椰油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺，每加入一种物料搅拌均匀后即可加入下一种物料，而后加入苯并三氮唑，搅拌溶解均匀得油相体系；
（4）在容器中加入去离子水加热到70-80℃，在搅拌下缓慢加入氯化钠、脂肪醇和丙三醇充分搅拌溶解，搅拌均匀后加入步骤(2)制备的产物超声分散均匀得水相体系；
（5）在保持60-70℃下将水相体系缓慢加到以200-300r/min转速搅拌的油相体系中，待水相体系滴加结束后控制反应温度为40-50℃，加入消泡剂得到基础浓缩液，向该浓缩液中加入其余剩余物料调成母液，用去离子水将其稀释成浓度为10%的微乳化切削液即可。
本发明的优点是：聚苯胺具有合成原料成本低廉、优异的抗划伤、抗点蚀能力等优点，能够在钢铁和铝合金的表面形成均匀致密的聚苯胺膜，起到良好的防腐防锈的作用，但是其在一般的有机溶剂中溶解性较差，因此需要对其进行掺杂改善其溶解性，聚苯胺具有优异的俘获纳米粒子的寄主能力，可以与一些活泼的无机纳米粒子共同掺杂有效的改善其溶解性及耐蚀能力，纳米金刚石具有最大的硬度、极高的导热性、高的耐磨性和良好的化学稳定性，纳米金刚石加到润滑油中可以起到耐磨减摩的作用，但是由于粒子比重大、难分散、易团聚等缺点，经磺化处理的金刚石具有更好的分散性和耐磨性，能够在水基切削液中趋于稳定，本发明利用十二烷基硫酸钠对聚苯胺进行掺杂，起到接枝增溶的作用，有利于分子链的离域和舒展，降低分子链间的相互作用力，有助于提高聚苯胺乳液的流动性和分散性，并且和磺化金刚石形成良好的交联网络结构，在水基中具有良好的分散性和稳定性，提高了微乳化切削液的防腐蚀、耐磨、减摩等功能，本发明制备的微乳化切削液分散稳定性、粘度稳定性高，加工精度高，润滑性、冷却性、清洗性和防锈性能好，不腐蚀工件，不易变质，能满足多种加工材质的需求，应用前景广。
具体实施方式
一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液，由以下重量份（公斤）的原料制备制成：精制矿物油15、脂肪醇羟乙基磺酸钠13、羟基合成醇聚氧乙烯醚10、椰油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺3.5、硼氢化钠24、烷基醇胺3.5、苯并三氮唑4、二乙醇胺3、石油磺酸钠2.6、油酰胺2.8、氯化钠2.2、脂肪醇1.3、丙三醇0.5、消泡剂0.05、纳米金刚石3、亚硝酸钠3、对氨基苯磺酸5.8、十二烷基硫酸钠30、丙二醇无规聚乙醚4、过硫酸钾10.5、苯胺适量、甲醇适量、盐酸适量、去离子水适量。
所述一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液，由下列具体步骤制备制成：
（1）将纳米金刚石加到去离子水中超声分散成浓度为1mg/ml悬浮液，调节pH值为9，再加入硼氢化钠搅拌均匀后在80℃水浴条件下持续搅拌1h，冷却至室温备用；同时冰水浴条件下将亚硝酸钠、对氨基苯磺酸和1mol/L盐酸溶液混合均匀，充分搅拌反应30min后加到备用的纳米金刚石悬浮液中，然后在冰水浴和室温条件下各反应2h，反应结束后用去离子水透析，干燥得到改性纳米金刚石；
（2）将十二烷基硫酸钠加到去离子水中，电动搅拌直至形成质量浓度为2%的乳化剂溶液，再加入苯胺搅拌混合均匀，然后在冰水浴条件下加入步骤（1）制备的产物，磁力搅拌1h得到均一的悬浮液，其中苯胺与步骤（1）制备的产物质量比为2:1，将过硫酸钾加到8.35%（v/v）的盐酸溶液中制成浓度为5%的过硫酸钾混合溶液，搅拌均匀后逐滴加到苯胺混合溶液中，在0℃下持续反应5h，反应结束后静置过夜，抽滤，并用去离子水和甲醇多次洗涤，直至滤液接近无色，将得到的固体物在真空干燥箱中在60℃下干燥12h，研成粉末备用；
(3)在反应容器中加入精制矿物油，搅拌加热至60℃时依次加入石油磺酸钠、油酰胺、脂肪醇羟乙基磺酸钠、羟基合成醇聚氧乙烯醚和椰油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺，每加入一种物料搅拌均匀后即可加入下一种物料，而后加入苯并三氮唑，搅拌溶解均匀得油相体系；
（4）在容器中加入去离子水加热到70℃，在搅拌下缓慢加入氯化钠、脂肪醇和丙三醇充分搅拌溶解，搅拌均匀后加入步骤(2)制备的产物超声分散均匀得水相体系；
（5）在保持60℃下将水相体系缓慢加到以200r/min转速搅拌的油相体系中，待水相体系滴加结束后控制反应温度为40℃，加入消泡剂得到基础浓缩液，向该浓缩液中加入其余剩余物料调成母液，用去离子水将其稀释成浓度为10%的微乳化切削液即可。
对实施例制备的微乳化切削液进行性能测试，结果如下：
贮存安定性：无变色、无分层；消泡性（mL•10-1min-1）：＜2；腐蚀试验（55±2℃，铸铁/h）：＞48；腐蚀试验（55±2℃，铝/h）：＞12；防锈性试验（铸铁，h）＞48；最大无卡咬负和（N）：914；抗磨性（N）：＞60。

Claims (2)

1.一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制备制成：精制矿物油15-20、脂肪醇羟乙基磺酸钠13-14、羟基合成醇聚氧乙烯醚10-11、椰油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺3.5-4.5、硼氢化钠24-27、烷基醇胺3.5-4、苯并三氮唑4-5、二乙醇胺3-4、石油磺酸钠2.6-2.8、油酰胺2.8-3.2、氯化钠2.2-2.4、脂肪醇1.3-1.6、丙三醇0.5-0.6、消泡剂0.05-0.1、纳米金刚石3-4、亚硝酸钠3-5、对氨基苯磺酸5.8-7、十二烷基硫酸钠30-35、丙二醇无规聚乙醚4-5、过硫酸钾10.5-12、苯胺适量、甲醇适量、盐酸适量、去离子水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种耐磨抗压纳米金刚石型微乳化切削液，其特征在于，由下列具体步骤制备制成：
（1）将纳米金刚石加到去离子水中超声分散成浓度为1mg/ml悬浮液，调节pH值为9-10，再加入硼氢化钠搅拌均匀后在80℃水浴条件下持续搅拌1-1.5h，冷却至室温备用；同时冰水浴条件下将亚硝酸钠、对氨基苯磺酸和1mol/L盐酸溶液混合均匀，充分搅拌反应30min后加到备用的纳米金刚石悬浮液中，然后在冰水浴和室温条件下各反应2h，反应结束后用去离子水透析，干燥得到改性纳米金刚石；
（2）将十二烷基硫酸钠加到去离子水中，电动搅拌直至形成质量浓度为2%的乳化剂溶液，再加入苯胺搅拌混合均匀，然后在冰水浴条件下加入步骤（1）制备的产物，磁力搅拌1h得到均一的悬浮液，其中苯胺与步骤（1）制备的产物质量比为2-3:1，将过硫酸钾加到8.35%（v/v）的盐酸溶液中制成浓度为5%的过硫酸钾混合溶液，搅拌均匀后逐滴加到苯胺混合溶液中，在0-5℃下持续反应5-7h，反应结束后静置过夜，抽滤，并用去离子水和甲醇多次洗涤，直至滤液接近无色，将得到的固体物在真空干燥箱中在60℃下干燥12h，研成粉末备用；
(3)在反应容器中加入精制矿物油，搅拌加热至60-65℃时依次加入石油磺酸钠、油酰胺、脂肪醇羟乙基磺酸钠、羟基合成醇聚氧乙烯醚和椰油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺，每加入一种物料搅拌均匀后即可加入下一种物料，而后加入苯并三氮唑，搅拌溶解均匀得油相体系；
（4）在容器中加入去离子水加热到70-80℃，在搅拌下缓慢加入氯化钠、脂肪醇和丙三醇充分搅拌溶解，搅拌均匀后加入步骤(2)制备的产物超声分散均匀得水相体系；
（5）在保持60-70℃下将水相体系缓慢加到以200-300r/min转速搅拌的油相体系中，待水相体系滴加结束后控制反应温度为40-50℃，加入消泡剂得到基础浓缩液，向该浓缩液中加入其余剩余物料调成母液，用去离子水将其稀释成浓度为10%的微乳化切削液即可。
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