CN106632204A - Method for extracting and purifying anthocyanin from bilberry - Google Patents
Method for extracting and purifying anthocyanin from bilberry Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/58—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4
- C07D311/60—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4 with aryl radicals attached in position 2
- C07D311/62—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4 with aryl radicals attached in position 2 with oxygen atoms directly attached in position 3, e.g. anthocyanidins
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B61/00—Dyes of natural origin prepared from natural sources, e.g. vegetable sources
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting and purifying anthocyanin from bilberry. The method comprises the following steps: (1) microbial degradation; (2) obtainment of a crude extract of bilberry anthocyanin by utilizing a water extraction process; (3) addition of a certain amount of a flocculant for impurity removal; (4) impurity removal and purification with macroporous resin; (5) concentration; and (6) spray drying. According to the invention, by combining aqueous-solution extraction and microbial degradation, an acylated stable structure of anthocyanin is realized through microbial degradation; in addition, the juice yield of bilberry is greatly improved through cellulase hydrolysis; thus, double purposes are achieved through one way, and interdisciplinary penetration and effective combination of biological science and chemical production are realized. The method provided by the invention also utilizes ZTC1 + 1 for flocculation and impurity removal, and solves the problems of easy loss of active ingredients and long production cycle in traditional water extraction and alcohol precipitation. The extraction method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process operation, low production cost, no pollution, high extraction rate, and no damage to anthocyanin due to high temperature; and the anthocyanin prepared by using the method provided by the invention can be extensively applied to fields like food, health-care products and cosmetics, and has extremely high application values.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extracting method of anthocyanidin, more particularly to a kind of side of the extraction purification anthocyanidin from cowberry
Method.
Background technology
Cowberry (Vaccinium spp.) also known as Wen Pu, red bean, tooth pimple, griggles, category Ericaceae (Ericaceae)
The shrub berry fruit tree of Vaccinium (Vaccinium spp.), originates in North America and Europe, is rare real indigo plant on the earth
One of color food, there is " king of berry ", the good reputation of " Fructus vaccini vitis-idaeae ".Cranberry delicious flavour, it is nutritious, economic worth compared with
Height, also containing a large amount of mineral elements such as the multivitamins such as VC, VA, VB and K, Mg, Ca, Fe, and rich in phenolic acid, flavane
The phenolic compounds such as alcohol, flavonoids.China《Compendium of Materia Medica》Described in after cranberry maturation, it is sour-sweet edible, can be used as medicine, have strong
Muscle beneficial gas, the effect of supplementing the kidney to control the nocturnal；《Jilin Chinese herbal medicine》Recording cowberry fruit can control enteritis, dysentery with pain relieving.
Anthocyanidin content is very high in cranberry and abundant species, and anthocyanidin belongs to flavonoids, and it is tied substantially
Structure parent nucleus is 2- phenyl benzofurans.Due to substituent difference (OH or OCH3) on B ring R1, R2, R3, formed various
Anthocyanidin.According to the research report that Ministry of Agriculture's human nutrition research center of Tufts universities of the U.S. is issued, cowberry is that they studied
40 various fruits and vegetables in containing a kind of most abundant resource of antioxidant content, thus its oxidation resistance is very strong, and has
Erythrolabe is promoted to synthesize again, anti-inflammatory strengthens immunity of organisms, and anti-cardiovascular disease removes free radical, anti-aging, suppresses cancer
The pharmacological effects such as disease cell generation.Cowberry anthocyanidin is paid high attention to by domestic and international expert, and cowberry research heat is become at present
One of point.
Many with regard to the research report of anthocyanidin production technology both at home and abroad, the extracting method of existing cowberry anthocyanidin is mainly
Realized jointly using two methods of macroporous absorbent resin and ion exchange resin.Jing is looked into, existing Patent No.
The Chinese patent of CN201010503367.7《The extracting method of anthocyanin and OPC constituents in a kind of mossberry fruit》,
Comprise the following steps：First by mossberry fruit break process, after being digested with biology enzyme, under the conditions of pH value 1.0～5.5 water-filling is entered
Extraction, obtains aqueous extract and residue；Again residue is carried out into alcohol extracting extraction, concentrated extract reclaims alcohol, obtains alcohol extracting concentrate；By water
Extract merges with alcohol extracting concentrate, is adsorbed by macroporous absorbent resin, molten with aqueous alcohol after washing macroporous absorbent resin with water
Lyolysis is analysed, and by desorbed solution concentration, is dried, and obtains the mixture containing anthocyanin and OPC constituents；The method adopts ethanol water
Carry, it is relatively costly, pH is adjusted using phosphoric acid, environmental pollution is serious, and the product for obtaining is the mixed of anthocyanin and OPC
Compound, procyanidin content is low；In addition now more than pharmacy worker with the nothing in water extraction and alcohol precipitation method removal Chinese medicine decoction liquor
Effect composition, it is in recent years, substantial amounts of to study and facts have proved that alcohol deposition method easily causes the loss of active ingredient, there are problems that more.And
Exist relatively costly, long the production cycle, production hour is more, labour intensity is high, the problems such as finished product stability difference.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of method of the extraction purification anthocyanidin from cowberry, with work
Skill is simple, high income, low in the pollution of the environment, low cost the characteristics of.
The present invention solve the technical scheme that adopted of above-mentioned technical problem for：A kind of extraction purification anthocyanidin from cowberry
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) pretreatment of raw material：The fresh cranberry of selection or cryopreservation and the jelly of defrosting fruit, selection removal of impurities is standby；
2) microbial degradation：By step 1) pretreatment cranberry microbe inoculation degraded, inoculum concentration be 0.5～
2%, 40～60 DEG C of temperature, it is 4～6 that initial water content is 20～40%, PH, degradation time 3～6 hours.
3) water extraction：Solid-liquid ratio 1 is added in the cranberry after microbial degradation:10～1:14 distilled water, room temperature bar
Lucifuge is stirred 2～3 times under part, 1.5～2.5 hours every time, obtains extract；
4) flocculation purification：A certain amount of flocculant is added in extract obtained above, stirs equal at 30～50 DEG C
Stand after even, then by filtering and being centrifuged off the curable type impurity in extract；
5) purifying resin removal of impurities：By step 4) the cowberry extract that obtains adsorbed and used volume fraction with macroreticular resin
Gradient elution is carried out for 5～15%, 60～80% ethanol, 60～80% eluents are collected；
6) concentrate：By step 5) 60～80% eluents that obtain carry out reduced pressure concentration, reclaim ethanol；
7) it is spray-dried：Concentrate is spray-dried, and obtains the refined cowberry anthocyanidin of target component.
Preferably, the step 2) in microorganism be trichoderma, aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum or nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Preferably, the step 2) in microbial degradation its degraded inoculum concentration be 0.5%, temperature 50 C initially contains
The water yield is 30%, and pH value is 5.0, and degradation time is 5 hours.
It is preferred that, the step 2) in microbial degradation the main component of culture medium be sucrose 12～13%, biphosphate
Potassium 3～4%, magnesium sulfate 0.02～0.03%, ammonium nitrate 0.1～0.3%, sweet potato powder 3～4%.
Further preferably, the step 2) in microbial degradation the main component of culture medium be sucrose 12.6%, biphosphate
Potassium 3.85%, magnesium sulfate 0.026%, ammonium nitrate 0.2%, sweet potato powder 3.78%.
Preferably, the step 3) in press solid-liquid ratio 1:10 add distilled water, stir as 2 times, 2 hours every time.
Further preferably, the step 4) flocculant be ZTC1+1, addition for extract weight 2～3%, mixing time
For 10～30min, time of repose is 1～2 hour.
Further preferably, the step 5) described in model D101, D4020 of macroreticular resin, AB-8, HPD-100,
One kind in DA201, with 3～4 times of column volume pure water except sugar, protein after macroporous resin adsorption.
As improvement, the step 6) reduced pressure concentration vacuum be 0.075-0.095Mpa, temperature be less than 60 DEG C,
Volume 1/5-1/20 is concentrated into, and without alcohol taste.
Finally, the step 7) in be spray-dried before need to sterilize concentrate, the EAT of spray drying is 110
～130 DEG C, leaving air temp is 45～55 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that：
1. the primary product acetic acid of CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIUM metabolism, can carry out molecular modification to anthocyanidin -- acylation reaction,
Acylation can effectively hinder anthocyanidin to change and recurring structure transformation with temperature and PH, play critically important to stablizing for anthocyanin
Effect；
2. the acyl group for folding is wrapped in 2- chromene skeletons surface, this sedimentation by the sugar chain of anthocyanidin flowing
The structure of anthocyanidin is not only protected, and the stability of system color and luster can be kept；
3. degradation condition is gentle, extracts anthocyanidin stability and is better than general extraction methods；
4. the Extracellular metabolism of cellulose-degrading bacteria contains substantial amounts of cellulase, using enzyme can be gentle act on
Plant tissue, destroys cell membrane, so as to promote the release of bioactive ingredients, improves the crushing juice rate of anthocyanidin in cranberry,
Significantly improve recovery rate；
5.ZTC1+1 is the natural clarifying agent extracted from food, is made up of two kinds of components of A and B, using " 1+1 " clarification
Technology a, component plays main flocculation, and another component plays auxiliary flocculation, greatly accelerates clarifying process by " bridging ".
To a step clearance rate of colloid labile element 70% or so, two step clearance rates are more than 90%；It can replace Chinese medicine water extraction
Alcohol precipitation process, improves the content of active ingredient, it is ensured that the stability of Chinese medicine end product quality.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Fresh cranberry or cryopreservation and the jelly fruit 50g of defrosting, load 250mL tri- after choosing through choosing removal of impurities
In the bottle of angle, culture medium is added, sterilized, the main component of culture medium is sucrose 12.6%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.85%, magnesium sulfate
0.026%th, ammonium nitrate 0.2%, sweet potato powder 3.78%.Then inoculum concentration 0.5% is pressed on aseptic operating platform by single Penicillium notatum
In accessing bottle, distilled water, the water content for making raw material is added to reach 30%, pH value reaches 5.0,50 DEG C of conditions in Intelligent culture case
Lower culture degraded 5 hours；By solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g/ML) add distilled water, lucifuge to stir 2 times, obtain extract within 2 hours every time；
2% ZTC1+1 flocculants are added in extract, under conditions of 40 DEG C of temperature 10min is stirred, stand 1 hour afterwards, Ran Houtong
Filter and be centrifuged off the curable type impurity in extract；By the above-mentioned centrifugate good D101 type macroporous resin adsorptions of pre-treatment,
After adsorption saturation, with impurity such as the pure water wash-out glycoproteins of 3 times of column volumes, then washed with 5%, 70% ethanol solution gradient respectively
It is de-, collect the eluent of 70% ethanol solution, applied sample amount 15ml/min, elution flow rate 3.5ml/min；70% ethanol collected is washed
De- liquid reduced pressure concentration, reduced pressure concentration vacuum is 0.075-0.095Mpa, and temperature is less than 50 DEG C, is concentrated into volume 1/5-1/
20, and without alcohol taste；After concentrate sterilizing, it is spray-dried, is obtained the refined cowberry anthocyanidin of target component, is obtained containing anthocyanidin
For 27.2% product 0.21g, total yield of products is 84%.120 DEG C of the EAT of spray drying, 50 DEG C of leaving air temp.
Embodiment 2
Cranberry or cryopreservation and the jelly fruit 50g of defrosting fresh after removal of impurities is chosen, in being fitted into 250mL triangular flasks,
Culture medium is added, is sterilized, the main component of culture medium is sucrose 12%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.02%, nitric acid
Ammonium 0.3%, sweet potato powder 3%.Then on aseptic operating platform single black-koji mould is accessed in bottle by inoculum concentration 2%., adds and steam
Distilled water, the water content for making raw material reaches 20%, and pH value reaches 4.0,60 DEG C in Intelligent culture case under the conditions of culture degraded it is 3 little
When；By solid-liquid ratio 1:12 (g/ML) add distilled water, lucifuge to stir 3 times, obtain extract within 2 hours every time；Add in extract
3% ZTC1+1 flocculants, stir 20min under conditions of temperature 50 C, afterwards stand 1.5 hours, then by filter and from
The heart removes the curable type impurity in extract；By the above-mentioned centrifugate good AB-8 type macroporous resin adsorptions of pre-treatment, after adsorption saturation,
The impurity such as the pure water wash-out glycoprotein with 4 times of column volumes, then collected with 10%, 60% ethanol solution gradient elution respectively
60% ethanol solution eluent, applied sample amount 15ml/min, elution flow rate 3.5ml/min；The 60% ethanol eluate decompression collected
Concentration, reduced pressure concentration vacuum is 0.075-0.095Mpa, and temperature is less than 60 DEG C, is concentrated into volume 1/5-1/20, and without alcohol
Taste；After concentrate sterilizing, it is spray-dried, is obtained the refined cowberry anthocyanidin of target component, it is 21.6% to obtain containing anthocyanidin
Product 0.16g, total yield of products is 120 DEG C of the EAT of 64.1% spray drying, 50 DEG C of leaving air temp.
Embodiment 3
Cranberry or cryopreservation and the jelly fruit 50g of defrosting fresh after removal of impurities is chosen, by solid-liquid ratio 1:14(g/ML)
Add distilled water, lucifuge to stir 3 times, obtain extract within 2 hours every time；2.5% ZTC1+1 flocculants are added in liquid, in temperature
30min is stirred under conditions of 30 DEG C, 2 hours is stood afterwards, then the curable type impurity by filtering and be centrifuged away in extract；Will
The above-mentioned centrifugate good D4020 type macroporous resin adsorptions of pre-treatment, after adsorption saturation, with the sugared egg of pure water wash-out of 4 times of column volumes
The impurity such as white matter, then collect 80% ethanol solution eluent, applied sample amount with 15%, 80% ethanol solution gradient elution respectively
15ml/min, elution flow rate 3.5ml/min；80% ethanol eluate reduced pressure concentration is collected, reduced pressure concentration vacuum is 0.075-
0.095Mpa, temperature is less than 40 DEG C, is concentrated into volume 1/5-1/20, and without alcohol taste；After concentrate sterilizing, spraying is carried out dry
It is dry, the refined cowberry anthocyanidin of target component is obtained, obtain containing the product 0.09g that florigen is 18.7%, total yield of products is
36.7%.120 DEG C of the EAT of spray drying, 50 DEG C of leaving air temp.
Embodiment 4
Fresh cranberry or cryopreservation and the jelly fruit 50g of defrosting, load 250mL tri- after choosing through choosing removal of impurities
In the bottle of angle, culture medium is added, sterilized, the main component of culture medium is sucrose 12.6%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.85%, magnesium sulfate
0.026%th, ammonium nitrate 0.2%, sweet potato powder 3.78%.Then inoculum concentration 0.5% is pressed on aseptic operating platform by single Penicillium notatum
In accessing bottle, distilled water, the water content for making raw material is added to reach 30%, pH value reaches 5.0,50 DEG C of conditions in Intelligent culture case
Lower culture degraded 5 hours；By solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g/ML) add distilled water, lucifuge to stir 2 times, obtain extract within 2 hours every time；
By the centrifugate of the said extracted liquid good D101 type macroporous resin adsorptions of pre-treatment, after adsorption saturation, with the pure water of 3 times of column volumes
The impurity such as wash-out glycoprotein, then respectively the eluent of 70% ethanol solution is collected with 5%, 70% ethanol solution gradient elution,
Applied sample amount 15ml/min, elution flow rate 3.5ml/min；The 70% ethanol eluate reduced pressure concentration collected, reduced pressure concentration vacuum
For 0.075-0.095Mpa, temperature is less than 50 DEG C, is concentrated into volume 1/5-1/20, and without alcohol taste；After concentrate sterilizing, carry out
It is spray-dried, obtains the refined cowberry anthocyanidin of target component, obtain containing the product 0.11g that anthocyanidin is 15.7%, product is always received
Rate is 44.2%.120 DEG C of the EAT of spray drying, 50 DEG C of leaving air temp.
Embodiment 5
Fresh cranberry or cryopreservation and the jelly fruit 50g of defrosting, load 250mL tri- after choosing through choosing removal of impurities
In the bottle of angle, add culture medium, sterilizing, the main component of culture medium be sucrose 13%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4%, magnesium sulfate 0.03%,
Ammonium nitrate 0.1%, sweet potato powder 4%.Then on aseptic operating platform single Penicillium notatum is accessed in bottle by inoculum concentration 2%, is added
Distilled water, the water content for making raw material reaches 20%, and pH value reaches 4.0,40 DEG C in Intelligent culture case under the conditions of culture degraded it is 5 little
When；By solid-liquid ratio 1:14 (g/ML) add distilled water, lucifuge to stir 3 times, obtain extract within 2.5 hours every time；Add in extract
Enter 2.5% ZTC1+1 flocculants, under conditions of 30 DEG C of temperature 30min stirred, stand 2 hours afterwards, then by filtering and
The curable type impurity being centrifuged off in extract；By the above-mentioned centrifugate good D101 type macroporous resin adsorptions of pre-treatment, adsorption saturation
Afterwards, the impurity such as glycoprotein are eluted with the pure water of 3 times of column volumes, then is collected with 15%, 80% ethanol solution gradient elution respectively
The eluent of 80% ethanol solution, applied sample amount 15ml/min, elution flow rate 3.5ml/min；80% ethanol eluate collected subtracts
Pressure concentration, reduced pressure concentration vacuum is 0.075-0.095Mpa, and temperature is less than 50 DEG C, is concentrated into volume 1/5-1/20, and nothing
Alcohol taste；After concentrate sterilizing, be spray-dried, obtained the refined cowberry anthocyanidin of target component, obtain be containing anthocyanidin
25.2% product 0.17g, total yield of products is 68%.120 DEG C of the EAT of spray drying, 50 DEG C of leaving air temp.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of the extraction purification anthocyanidin from cowberry, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) pretreatment of raw material：The fresh cranberry of selection or cryopreservation and the jelly of defrosting fruit, selection removal of impurities is standby；
2) microbial degradation is by step 1) the cranberry microbe inoculation of pretreatment degraded, and inoculum concentration is 0.5～2%,
40～60 DEG C of temperature, it is 4～6 that initial water content is 20～40%, pH, degradation time 3～6 hours；
3) water extraction：Solid-liquid ratio 1 is added in the cranberry after microbial degradation:10～1:14 distilled water, under room temperature condition
Lucifuge is stirred 2～3 times, 1.5～2.5 hours every time, obtains extract；
4) flocculation purification：A certain amount of flocculant is added in extract obtained above, after stirring at 30～50 DEG C
Stand, then by filtering and being centrifuged off the curable type impurity in extract；
5) purifying resin removal of impurities：By step 4) the cowberry extract that obtains adsorbed with macroreticular resin and with volume fraction 5～
15%th, 60～80% ethanol carry out gradient elution, collect 60～80% eluents；
6) concentrate：By step 5) 60～80% eluents that obtain carry out reduced pressure concentration, reclaim ethanol；
7) it is spray-dried：Concentrate is spray-dried, and obtains the refined cowberry anthocyanidin of target component.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 2) in microorganism be trichoderma, aspergillus niger, mould
Bacterium or nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 2) in its degraded inoculum concentration in microbial degradation
For 0.5%, temperature 50 C, initial water content is 30%, and pH value is 5.0, and degradation time is 5 hours.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 2) in microbial degradation culture medium it is main
Composition is sucrose 12～13%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3～4%, magnesium sulfate 0.02～0.03%, ammonium nitrate 0.1～0.3%, sweet potato
Part 3～4%.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 3) in stirring be 2 times, every time 2 hours.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 4) flocculant be ZTC1+1, addition is
The 2～3% of extract weight, mixing time is 10～30min, and time of repose is 1～2 hour.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 5) described in macroreticular resin model
One kind in D101, D4020, AB-8, HPD-100, DA201, with 3～4 times of column volume pure water except sugar, egg after macroporous resin adsorption
White matter.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 6) reduced pressure concentration vacuum be 0.075-
0.095Mpa, temperature is less than 60 DEG C, is concentrated into volume 1/5-1/20, and without alcohol taste.
9. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 7) in be spray-dried before need to carry out concentrate
Sterilizing, the EAT of spray drying is 110～130 DEG C, and leaving air temp is 45～55 DEG C.
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| CN201610817839.3A CN106632204A (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2016-09-13 | Method for extracting and purifying anthocyanin from bilberry |
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| CN110305097A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-08 | 湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司 | A method of extracting anthocyanidin from mossberry |
| CN111518860A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 浙江天草生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of cowberry fruit extract |
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| CN105294633A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-02-03 | 大兴安岭林格贝寒带生物科技股份有限公司 | Industrial method for preparing vaccinium vitis idaea anthocyanidin from vaccinium vitis idaea |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110305097A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-08 | 湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司 | A method of extracting anthocyanidin from mossberry |
| CN110305097B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-02-09 | 湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司 | Method for extracting anthocyanin from cranberry |
| CN111518860A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 浙江天草生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of cowberry fruit extract |
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