CN106627536B - Trailer axle system with hydraulic retarder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of vehicle engineering, and discloses a trailer axle system provided with a hydraulic retarder. It includes two non-driven axles on the trailer and a double-rotor hydraulic retarder arranged between the two non-driven axles. The double-rotor hydraulic retarder includes a double-rotor hydraulic coupling and a symmetrical arrangement The speed-up and torque-reducing mechanism and the clutch mechanism on both sides of the double-rotor hydraulic coupling, the double-rotor hydraulic coupling includes an annular oil chamber and two rotors, the annular oil chamber is provided with buffer oil and the annular oil chamber is connected with In the heat exchanger, the middle shafts of the two rotors are respectively connected with the corresponding speed-up and torque-reducing mechanisms, and the two speed-up and torque-reducing mechanisms are respectively connected with the corresponding transmission mechanism through the clutch mechanism. The present invention is arranged between the two non-driving axles of the trailer, saves space, is convenient for maintenance, effectively utilizes the space between the two non-driving axles of the trailer, improves the stability of the trailer running, and can generate larger Retarding braking torque.

Description

A trailer axle system equipped with a hydraulic retarder

technical field

The invention relates to the field of vehicle engineering, in particular to a trailer axle system provided with a hydraulic retarder.

Background technique

With the rapid development of my country's automobile industry, the proportion of road transportation in road transportation is increasing year by year, and it has become the main road transportation mode in my country. In resource-rich mountainous areas and busy docks, the delivery of goods basically depends on medium-sized trucks. Carrying trailers have the advantages of high actual load rate, strong carrying capacity, less driver configuration, low labor costs, low logistics costs, and high intensification, which make carrying trailers play a pivotal role in the long-distance transportation of goods.

However, with the increase of the number of trailers in the delivery of goods, the traffic accidents on the road also increase. Carrying trailers carry heavy loads, are large in size, and have high inertia. Once a car accident occurs, it often causes heavy loss of life and property. Among these traffic accidents, the accidents caused by the brake failure of the trailer account for a large proportion. Carrying trailers often encounter long downhills during long-distance transportation. Drivers need to step on the brake pedal frequently, causing frequent friction between brake shoes and brake drums, resulting in increased temperature and increased wear. If the brake shoes and brake drums often work in this environment, the braking system of the trailer is prone to brake failure. Relying solely on the friction between the brake shoe and the brake drum cannot meet the requirements for the safe reduction of the speed of the trailer. Therefore, in order to reduce the speed of the trailer safely on a long downhill, it is necessary to use a retarding auxiliary braking device.

The retarding efficiency of the hydraulic retarder in the prior art is higher than that of the engine retarder, and it can travel downhill at a higher speed; the size and mass are small, and it can be integrated with the transmission; it does not produce wear during work; the working fluid The generated heat is easy to be transmitted and dissipated, and the normal operating temperature of the engine can be maintained when going down a long slope; the braking torque tends to zero at low speeds, and the wheels will not slip when braking on slippery roads. However, the engagement and separation lag time of the hydraulic retarder is long, and there is power loss when it is not working, and the structure is complicated when it is used for mechanical transmission vehicles, especially for cargo trailers. Generally, the hydraulic retarder can be installed between the engine and the transmission, or it can be installed behind the transmission. The retarders of the above two structures need to be matched with a special gearbox, which not only affects the layout of the vehicle, but also affects the It affects the rear suspension of the engine, and the reliability and durability are poor. For a cargo trailer, due to its long body and heavy weight, the above two forms will reduce the driving stability of the vehicle during emergency braking, which is not the best choice.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a trailer axle system which is arranged between two non-driving axles of a trailer and generates a large retarding braking moment through the interaction between the two non-driving axles.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a trailer axle system equipped with a hydraulic retarder, including two non-driving axles on the trailer and a The dual-rotor hydraulic retarder, the main reducers in the two non-drive axles are respectively connected to both sides of the dual-rotor hydraulic retarder through their respective transmission mechanisms, and the dual-rotor hydraulic The retarding device includes a double-rotor hydraulic coupling and two speed-up and torque-reducing mechanisms and two clutch mechanisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the double-rotor hydraulic coupling. The double-rotor hydraulic coupling includes a ring The oil chamber and the two rotors relatively arranged in the annular oil chamber, the annular oil chamber is provided with buffer oil and the annular oil chamber is connected with a heat exchanger for cooling the buffer oil, the central shaft of the two rotors They are respectively connected with corresponding speed-up and torque-reducing mechanisms, and the two speed-up and torque-reducing mechanisms are respectively connected with respective transmission mechanisms through the clutch mechanism.

Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes a transmission shaft and an input shaft connected to the clutch mechanism, one end of the transmission shaft is connected to the half shaft in the main reducer in the non-drive axle on the same side through a bevel gear set, and the other end is It is connected with the input shaft on the same side through a universal coupling.

Preferably, the input shaft on one side of the double-rotor hydraulic retarder is connected to the corresponding universal coupling through a spline shaft and a spline sleeve.

Preferably, the clutch mechanism includes an armature, a friction pair, a yoke and an output shaft, the driving disc in the armature and the friction pair is fixed on the input shaft, and the driven disc in the yoke and the friction pair is fixed on the On the output shaft, an electromagnetic coil is provided between the yoke and the friction pair, and the electromagnetic coil is controlled to be powered on and off by a switch arranged in the cab.

Preferably, the two sets of electromagnetic coils in the two clutch mechanisms located on both sides of the double-rotor fluid coupling are switched on and off through the same switch.

Preferably, the armature and the driving disk in the friction pair are installed on the input shaft through splines, the yoke and the driven disk in the friction pair are installed on the output shaft through splines, and the yoke is connected to the The speed-up and torque-down mechanism is connected.

Preferably, the double-rotor hydraulic retarder includes a casing, the double-rotor hydraulic coupling is arranged in the middle of the casing, and the two clutch mechanisms and the two speed-up and torque-reducing mechanisms are respectively It is arranged symmetrically on both sides of the double-rotor hydraulic coupling in the casing.

Preferably, the speed-up and torque-reducing mechanism includes a sun gear fixed on the central shaft of the rotor and a planetary carrier fixed on the yoke, the planetary carrier is provided with a plurality of planetary gears, and the inner edge of the planetary gear It is in meshing connection with the sun gear, and the outer edge of the planetary wheel is in meshing connection with the ring gear arranged in the casing along the circumferential direction.

Preferably, the casing is fixed on the frame of the trailer.

Preferably, the annular oil chamber communicates with the heat exchanger through two pipelines, one of which is opposite to the interface of the annular oil chamber and one of the rotors, and the other pipeline is connected to the interface of the annular oil chamber and the two The mixing zone between the two rotors is opposite.

Beneficial effect

The present invention is arranged between the two non-driving axles of the trailer, saves space, is convenient for maintenance, effectively utilizes the space between the two non-driving axles of the trailer, improves the stability of the trailer running, and can generate larger Retarding braking torque.

The present invention transmits the power of the two non-driving axles on the trailer to the two oppositely arranged rotors in the same double-rotor hydraulic coupler through the clutch mechanism, and the clutch mechanism is disconnected during the normal running of the trailer without loss of power. Does not affect normal driving. In the process of observing the downhill, the clutch mechanism is engaged, so that the two rotors stir the buffer oil in the annular oil chamber, the buffer oil generates centrifugal force, and the centrifugal force forces the buffer oil to impact each other between the two rotors, thus forming a resistance torque and hindering The mutual rotation of the two rotors consumes the kinetic energy in the friction of the buffer oil, so that the two non-driven axles can be retarded and braked at the same time. In the present invention, since the fluid coupling is arranged between two non-driving axles, the rotation direction of its two rotors is opposite, which can generate a larger braking torque, thereby utilizing the The interaction greatly improves the retarding braking effect.

The present invention is also provided with a speed-increasing and torque-reducing mechanism between the two rotors and the clutch mechanism. The non-driving axle of the trailer increases the rotational speed of the dual rotors at the same rotational speed, thereby further increasing the braking torque and increasing the retarding speed. Braking effect, improve its service life and stability.

In the transmission mechanism of the present invention, the transmission shaft and the input shaft are connected through a universal joint, and one of the input shafts is connected with the corresponding universal joint through a spline sleeve, which can effectively solve the problem of the trailer. Axial and radial movement of two non-driven axles during driving.

In a further preferred implementation of the present invention, the clutch mechanism has a high-speed response characteristic, which can effectively improve the problem of too long lag time between engagement and disengagement in the hydraulic retarder in the prior art.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the partially enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of the dual-rotor hydraulic retarder of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the partially enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of the double-rotor hydraulic coupling part of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between one of the universal joints and the corresponding input shaft of the present invention;

Marks in the figure: 1. non-drive axle, 2. double-rotor hydraulic retarder, 201. housing, 3. transmission mechanism, 301. transmission shaft, 302. input shaft, 303. universal coupling, 304, spline shaft, 305, spline sleeve, 4, double-rotor hydraulic coupling, 401, annular oil chamber, 402, rotor, 403, center shaft, 5, speed-up and torque-reducing mechanism, 501, sun gear , 502, planet carrier, 503, planetary gear, 504, ring gear, 6, clutch mechanism, 601, armature, 602, friction pair, 603, yoke, 604, output shaft, 605, electromagnetic coil, 7, heat exchange device.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a trailer axle system provided with a hydraulic retarder according to the present invention includes two non-driving axles 1 on the trailer and a motor between the two non-driving axles 1. The dual-rotor hydraulic retarder 2 can effectively use the space between the two non-driven axles 1 without affecting its function of carrying the weight of the trailer. The main reducers in the two non-driven axles 1 are respectively connected to both sides of the double-rotor hydraulic retarder 2 through the transmission mechanism 3, and transmit the power of the half shaft in the non-driven axle 1 to the double-rotor hydraulic retarder. In the speed device 2, the two non-driven vehicle axles 1 are formed into a double-connected bridge, and the interaction between the two non-driven vehicle vehicle axles 1 is used to achieve the effect of retarding braking. The transmission mechanism 3 in this embodiment includes a transmission shaft 301 and an input shaft 302. One end of the transmission shaft 301 is connected with the half shaft in the main reducer in the non-driving axle 1 through a bevel gear set, and the other end is connected through a universal coupling. The device 303 is connected with an input shaft 302 , and the power of the half shaft in the axle is transmitted to the double-rotor hydraulic retarder 2 through the input shaft 302 . Since the double-rotor hydraulic retarder 2 is arranged between the two driving axles 1 , the rotation directions of the two input shafts 302 transmitting power are opposite. The setting of the universal joint 303 in this embodiment can avoid the influence of the radial displacement between the two input shafts 302 caused by the relative position change of the two non-driven axles 1 during the running of the trailer. One of the two input shafts 302 is provided with a spline at the end away from the double-rotor hydraulic retarder 2, and a corresponding universal coupling 303 is provided with a spline shaft 304, and the spline shaft 304 The end that is provided with the spline on the input shaft 302 is connected by a spline sleeve 305, and there is a gap between the spline shaft 304 and the end that is provided with the spline on the input shaft 302, which can be placed in the spline sleeve 305 Sliding in the axial direction can avoid the influence of the axial displacement between the two input shafts 302 caused by the relative position change of the two non-driven axles 1 during the running of the trailer.

The double-rotor hydraulic retarder 2 includes a casing 201 fixed on the frame of the trailer, a double-rotor hydraulic coupling 4 arranged in the middle of the casing 201, and a double-rotor hydraulic coupling 4 arranged symmetrically. Two speed-up and torque-reducing mechanisms 5 and two clutch mechanisms 6 on both sides of the device 4. The double-rotor fluid coupling 4 includes an annular oil cavity 401 and two rotors 402 oppositely arranged in the annular oil cavity 401 . Buffer oil is provided in the annular oil chamber 401 and the heat exchanger 7 for cooling the buffer oil is connected to the annular oil chamber 401 . In this embodiment, the annular oil chamber 401 communicates with the heat exchanger 7 through two pipelines, one of which is opposite to the interface of the annular oil chamber 401 and one of the rotors 402, and the other pipeline is connected to the annular The interface of the oil chamber 401 is opposite to the mixing zone between the two rotors 402 . The buffer oil forms a pressure difference between the inlet and outlet during the movement, the buffer oil circulates, and the heat generated is taken away by the heat exchange system. During the slowing down process, the power transmitted from the two non-driven axles 1 drives the two rotors 402 to rotate respectively, so that the buffer oil in the annular oil chamber 401 generates centrifugal force, and the centrifugal force forces the buffer oil to flow between the two rotors 402. Impact each other, thus forming a resistance torque, which hinders the mutual rotation of the two rotors 402, and the kinetic energy is consumed by the friction of the buffer oil, so that the two non-driven axles 1 can be braked simultaneously. However, in the present invention, since the fluid coupling is arranged between the two non-driving axles 1, the rotation directions of the two rotors 402 are opposite, which can generate a larger braking torque, thereby utilizing the two non-driving axles 1 greatly improves the effect of retarding braking. The central shafts 403 of the two rotors 402 are respectively connected to the corresponding speed-up and torque-reducing mechanisms 5 , and the two speed-up and torque-reducing mechanisms 5 are respectively connected to the corresponding input shafts 302 through the clutch mechanism 6 .

The clutch mechanism 6 in this embodiment includes an armature 601, a friction pair 602, a yoke 603, and an output shaft 604. The driving disc in the armature 601 and the friction pair 602 is fixed on the input shaft 302 by a spline. The yoke 603 and the driven disc in the friction pair 602 are fixed on the output shaft 604 by splines, and the yoke 603 is connected with the speed-up and torque-reducing mechanism 5 through bolts. An electromagnetic coil 605 is arranged between them, and the two electromagnetic coils 605 in the two clutch mechanisms 6 are connected and controlled to be powered on and off by a switch arranged in the cab.

The speed-up and torque-reducing mechanism 5 in this embodiment includes a sun gear 501 fixed on the central shaft 403 of the rotor 402 and a planet carrier 502 fixed on the yoke 603, and a plurality of planets are arranged on the planet carrier 502 The inner edge of the planetary gear 503 is meshed with the sun gear 501 , and the outer edge of the planetary wheel 503 is meshed with the ring gear 504 disposed in the casing 201 along the circumferential direction. The speed-increasing and torque-reducing mechanism 5 increases the speed at which the non-driven axle 1 of the trailer drives the dual rotors 402 at the same speed, thereby further increasing the braking torque, improving the retarding braking effect, and improving its service life and stability. .

When the cargo trailer goes down a long slope, the driver turns on the switch of the electromagnetic coil 605, and the electromagnetic coil 605 is energized to generate a magnetic force. The disc group and the armature 601 are sucked together, the clutch is in the engaged state, the power of the non-driven axle 1 drives the input shaft 302 to rotate, and then drives the output shaft 604 of the clutch mechanism 6 to rotate, and the output shaft 604 drives the planet carrier 502 to rotate, and the planet carrier 502 The planetary gear 503 on the top drives the sun gear 501 to rotate, and finally the sun gear 501 drives the rotor 402 of the double-rotor hydraulic coupler 4 to rotate, and the annular oil chamber 401 of the double-rotor hydraulic coupler 4 is filled with buffer oil. A rotor 402 stirs the oil in the working chamber to generate centrifugal force. The centrifugal force forces the oil to impact each other between the two rotors 402, and the kinetic energy is consumed by the friction of the working fluid, thus forming a resistance torque that hinders the mutual rotation of the two rotors 402, and finally converts mechanical energy into heat energy, and the heat energy passes through the heat exchanger 7 Distributed to achieve the role of slow braking. When the cargo trailer does not need retarding braking, the electromagnetic coil 605 is powered off, the magnetic force disappears, the armature 601 rebounds under the action of the spring force, the clutch mechanism 6 is in a disengaged state, and the hydraulic retarding device does not work, thus no Affects the power consumption of the trailer.

Claims (5)

1. A trailer axle system equipped with a hydraulic retarder, characterized in that: it includes two non-driving axles (1) on the trailer and a double Rotor type hydraulic retarder (2), the main reducers in the two non-driven axles (1) are respectively connected to the double rotor type hydraulic retarder (2) through their respective transmission mechanisms (3). On both sides, the dual-rotor hydraulic retarder (2) includes a dual-rotor hydraulic coupling (4) and two speed-up and deceleration devices symmetrically arranged on both sides of the dual-rotor hydraulic coupling (4). torque mechanism (5) and two clutch mechanisms (6), the double-rotor hydraulic coupling (4) includes an annular oil chamber (401) and two rotors oppositely arranged in the annular oil chamber (401) (402), the annular oil chamber (401) is provided with buffer oil and the annular oil chamber (401) is connected with a heat exchanger (7) for cooling the buffer oil, and the middle shafts of the two rotors (402) ( 403) are respectively connected with respective corresponding speed-up and torque-reducing mechanisms (5), and the two speed-up and torque-reducing mechanisms (5) are respectively connected with respective transmission mechanisms (3) through the clutch mechanism (6); The transmission mechanism (3) includes a transmission shaft (301) and an input shaft (302) connected to the clutch mechanism (6). One end of the transmission shaft (301) is connected to the non-driving axle on the same side through a bevel gear set. (1) The half shaft in the inner main reducer is connected, and the other end is connected to the input shaft (302) on the same side through a universal coupling (303); The clutch mechanism (6) includes an armature (601), a friction pair (602), a yoke (603) and an output shaft (604), and the driving disc in the armature (601) and the friction pair (602) is fixed on the input shaft (302), the yoke (603) and the driven disk in the friction pair (602) are fixed on the output shaft (604), and the yoke (603) and the speed-up and torque-reducing mechanism (5 ) is fixedly connected, and an electromagnetic coil (605) is provided between the yoke (603) and the friction pair (602), and the electromagnetic coil (605) is turned on and off by a switch arranged in the cab; The double-rotor hydraulic retarder (2) includes a casing (201), the double-rotor hydraulic coupling (4) is arranged in the middle of the casing (201), and the two clutch mechanisms (6) and two speed-up and torque-down mechanisms (5) are symmetrically arranged in the casing (201) on both sides of the double-rotor hydraulic coupling (4); The speed-up and torque-reducing mechanism (5) includes a sun gear (501) fixed on the center shaft (403) of the rotor (402) and a planet carrier (502) fixed on the yoke (603), A plurality of planetary gears (503) are arranged on the planet carrier (502), the inner edges of the planetary gears (503) are meshed with the sun gear (501), and the outer edges of the planetary gears (503) are connected with The ring gear (504) in the shell (201) is meshed and connected; The annular oil chamber (401) communicates with the heat exchanger (7) through two pipelines, one of which is connected to the interface of the annular oil chamber (401) and one of the rotors (402), and the other pipe The interface between the road and the annular oil chamber (401) is opposite to the mixing area between the two rotors (402). 2. A trailer axle system equipped with a hydraulic retarder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the input shaft (302) located on one side of the double-rotor hydraulic retarder (2) ) and the corresponding universal coupling (303) are connected through a spline shaft (304) and a spline sleeve (305). 3. A trailer axle system equipped with a hydraulic retarder according to claim 1, characterized in that: two clutch mechanisms (6) located on both sides of the double-rotor hydraulic coupling (4) ) of the two groups of electromagnetic coils (605) are switched on and off through the same switch. 4. A trailer axle system equipped with a hydraulic retarder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the armature (601) and the driving disc in the friction pair (602) are installed on the input shaft through splines. On the shaft (302), the yoke (603) and the driven disk in the friction pair (602) are installed on the output shaft (604) through splines, and the yoke (603) is connected to the speed increaser through bolts The torque-reducing mechanism (5) is connected. 5. The trailer axle system provided with a hydraulic retarder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the casing (201) is fixed on the frame of the trailer.

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