CN106626576A - 一种钢结构屋面用自粘沥青防水卷材 - Google Patents
一种钢结构屋面用自粘沥青防水卷材 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种自粘沥青防水卷材，包括四层结构，从上往下依次为耐候性覆面材料、改性沥青自粘胶料层、涂硅隔离材料，其中改性沥青自粘胶料层内部镶嵌增强载体，涂硅隔离材料能够与低密度的改性沥青自粘胶料层剥离，上述四层结构形成防水卷材。本产品的抗拉强度高、尺寸稳定性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有高耐候型、高稳定性、高致密性、低密度的自粘沥青防水卷材，属于绿色节能钢结构屋面工程防水领域。
背景技术
改性沥青防水卷材独有的粘结性、自愈性和易热熔性，得到国内外众多工程和业主的一直好评。目前改性沥青卷材按照施工方式有热熔型和冷自粘型两种，按照产品有无增强体可以分为有胎和无胎。目前用于外露工程的沥青防水材料都是以有胎热熔型矿物粒料面产品为主。然而现有的钢结构屋面，人们对屋面工程施工应用的轻质化、便捷化、防水功能持久化以及安全等要求，热熔类的矿物料料卷材是不能满足轻质屋面需求的。主要因为：热熔施工、异性屋面热熔比较繁琐、易起鼓、矿物粒料表面不易清洁、不节能等等。
为了达到上述的目的，国内一般采用复合铝箔或者铝膜为覆面材料的无胎自粘卷材进行施工应用。自粘沥青耐高温性能差，夏天温度高时易流淌；铝膜或复合铝箔由于采用比较薄的PET或PE材料为保护载体，在光照和雨水等的洗礼下非常容易老化破损，同时也加速了自粘沥青层被破坏。此外铝膜或复合铝箔无胎自粘卷材，既为面层也为增强层，由于自身强度低、延伸性差、尺寸稳定性差，易鼓泡，在钢结构屋面上使用，增强体易破坏，进而导致防水层功能降低。因此，如何研究开发一种自粘沥青防水卷材，可外露的钢结构屋面，具有非常重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种强度高、延伸性好的防水卷材。实现上述目的的技术方案如下：
自粘沥青防水卷材，包括四层结构，从上往下依次为第一部分耐候性覆面材料、第二部分低密度的改性沥青自粘胶料层、第四部分涂硅隔离材料，其中改性沥青自粘胶料层内部镶嵌第三部分材质，复合金属网格增强载体，涂硅隔离材料能够与低密度的改性沥青自粘胶料层剥离。所述四部分材质通过高聚物改性沥青自粘胶料薄膜层粘接复合在一起，形成防水卷材。外耐候性覆面材料上表面覆盖铝箔复合高密度聚乙烯膜。
外露用铝箔复合高密度聚乙烯膜覆面材料反射率高，抗拉强度高，耐咯破性能优，耐撕裂强度大，耐疲劳性能好，具有良好的紫外老化性和自然老化的抗破坏能力强的特点，同等条件下应用于屋面外露使用衰减变化慢而且相对幅度小；该覆面材料是HDPE和铝箔进行复合，既提升了产品的抗拉强度、尺寸稳定性，同时提降低了铝箔在延展性方面的影响，有效保护了改性沥青层的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为自粘沥青防水卷材结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做详细的说明。
在本发明中，自粘沥青防水卷材包括四层结构，从上往下依次为第一部分耐候性覆面材料1、第二部分改性沥青自粘胶料层3、第四部分涂硅隔离材料5，其中改性沥青自粘胶料层3内部镶嵌第三部分增强载体4，涂硅隔离材料5能够与低密度的改性沥青自粘胶料层3剥离，上述四层结构形成防水卷材。上述四部分材质通过高聚物改性沥青自粘胶料薄膜层粘接复合在一起，形成完整的防水卷材。增强载体优选复合金属网格增强载体。改性沥青自粘胶料层3可以选择使用低密度自粘改性沥青。所述低密度自粘改性沥青的密度为每立方厘米0.75～0.85g。
其中，防水卷材长度方向或者宽度方向的一侧，耐候性覆面材料1短于改性沥青自粘胶料层的尺寸，而短缺的部分形成搭接边2，搭接边2可以是涂硅隔离材料。短缺的尺寸在80～100mm之间。
为了方便生产本发明的防水卷材，在本发明中，增强载体的上下表面分别粘贴改性沥青自粘胶料层，即防水卷材从上往下依次是耐候性覆面材料、改性沥青自粘胶料层、复合金属网格增强载体、改性沥青自粘胶料层、涂硅隔离材料。
增强载体上下表面的改性沥青自粘胶料层分别涂覆0.5～1.5mm的厚度，自粘改性沥青的耐高温性能可以达到90℃，低温性能-30℃，粘结强度2.2N/mm。而复合金属网格增强载体材料，由三层构造组成，从上往下依次是高密度聚乙烯膜、金属网和高密度聚乙烯膜。金属网可以使用铜质、铁质、钢铝合金制成的材质制作，金属网的网眼优选5～20目。高密度聚乙烯膜的分子量的范围是80000～200000，厚度0.045～0.08mm之间。
增强载体厚度在0.2～0.4mm之间，宽度在945～950mm之间，当然宽度还可以根据需要进行自由的变换。增强载体纵向最大拉力≥700N/50mm，纵向最大拉力时延伸率≥100％，横向最大拉力≥700N/50mm，横向最大拉力时延伸率≥100％，增强体中金属网赋予了产品具有较高的抗拉强度、尺寸稳定性，完全满足异性钢结构屋面避免了卷材的起泡或起鼓。金属网两侧的高密度聚乙烯膜复合成的增强体，相比聚酯胎，致密性高，提高了防水层的抗渗性、隔气性等。
本发明中，改性沥青自粘胶料层包括重量份为：高标号液态沥青52～65份、SBR4～8份、SEBS6～10份、液态增粘树脂8～10份、抗氧剂0.3～0.5份、空心玻璃微球15～25份。
高标号液态沥青是指180#～300#液态沥青，液态增粘树脂标准温度调节下的粘度为15～30dps，空心玻璃微球的粒径为100～400um，空心玻璃微球除能够降低涂盖料的密度之外，还赋予了自粘沥青具有较好的隔热性能，选用其制备的防水卷材整体重量较轻，其重量不足矿物粒料聚酯胎类产品的30％。
外耐候性覆面材料上表面覆盖铝箔复合高密度聚乙烯膜，外露用铝箔复合高密度聚乙烯膜材料反射率高，抗拉强度高，耐咯破性能优，耐撕裂强度大，耐疲劳性能好，具有良好的紫外老化性和自然老化的抗破坏能力强的特点，同等条件下应用于屋面外露使用衰减变化慢而且相对幅度小；该覆面材料是HDPE和铝箔进行复合，既提升了产品的抗拉强度、尺寸稳定性，同时提降低了铝箔在延展性方面的影响，有效保护了改性沥青层的使用寿命。
Claims (10)
1.一种自粘沥青防水卷材，包括四层结构，其特征在于：从上往下依次为耐候性覆面材料、改性沥青自粘胶料层、涂硅隔离材料，其中改性沥青自粘胶料层内部镶嵌增强载体，涂硅隔离材料能够与低密度的改性沥青自粘胶料层剥离，上述四层结构形成防水卷材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于：所述外耐候性覆面材料上表面覆盖铝箔复合高密度聚乙烯膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外露改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于：所述改性沥青自粘胶料层的材料包括高标号液态沥青、SBR、SEBS、液态增粘树脂、抗氧剂、空心玻璃微球材质。
4.根据权利要求1所述的改性沥青自粘胶料层，其特征在于：所述改性沥青自粘胶料层为低密度自粘改性沥青。
5.根据权利要求3所述的改性沥青自粘胶料层，其特征在于：所述高标号液态沥青为180#～300#液态沥青，液态增粘树脂标准温度调节下的粘度为15～30dps，空心玻璃微球的粒径为100～400um。
6.根据权利要求1所述的改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于：所述增强载体为复合金属网格增强载体，复合金属网格增强载体材料包括三层结构，从上往下依次为：高密度聚乙烯膜、金属网和高密度聚乙烯膜。
7.根据权利要求6所述的金属网，其特征在于：所述金属网的材质为铜、铁中的任意一种，或者为钢和铝的合金，其中金属网网目在5～20目之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于：所述外露覆面材料的一端短于改性沥青自粘胶料层，形成搭接边。
9.根据权利要求6所述的改性沥青防水卷材，其特征在于，所述的复合金属网格增强载体的厚度在0.2～0.4mm之间。
10.根据权利要求1所述的改性沥青自粘胶料层，其特征在于：以重量份计，其材质包括：高标号液态沥青52～65份、SBR4～8份、SEBS6～10份、液态增粘树脂8～10份、抗氧剂0.3～0.5份、空心玻璃微球15～25份。
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