CN106623372A - Automatic domestic garbage multi-stage sorting device - Google Patents
Automatic domestic garbage multi-stage sorting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106623372A CN106623372A CN201710046951.6A CN201710046951A CN106623372A CN 106623372 A CN106623372 A CN 106623372A CN 201710046951 A CN201710046951 A CN 201710046951A CN 106623372 A CN106623372 A CN 106623372A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
- B07B4/08—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
- B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
- B26D1/25—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member
- B26D1/34—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut
- B26D1/36—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut and rotating continuously in one direction during cutting, e.g. mounted on a rotary cylinder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/01—Means for holding or positioning work
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了垃圾分选装置领域内的一种生活垃圾自动化多级分选装置，包括箱体，箱体内部由进料区、破袋区和分选区组成，进料区倾斜设置，破袋区上方设置有固定支架，固定支架上部设有气缸，气缸的活塞杆设置有升降台，升降台上侧设置有驱动电机，驱动电机的输出轴传动连接有旋转锥针盘，旋转锥针盘下侧设置有破袋锥针，旋转锥针盘中部设置有中心锥针，升降台下侧固定连接有固定锥针盘，固定锥针盘下侧设置有定位锥针，破袋区下方设置有传送带，分选区水平设置有可振动的分选筛，分选筛上方形成筛上料库，分选筛下方形成筛下料库。本发明能够对体积大小不同的袋装垃圾进行破袋预处理，然后将混合垃圾高效分类，提高了垃圾处理效率。
The invention discloses an automatic multi-stage sorting device for domestic garbage in the field of garbage sorting devices. There is a fixed bracket above the fixed bracket, and a cylinder is arranged on the upper part of the fixed bracket. The piston rod of the cylinder is provided with a lifting platform, and a driving motor is installed on the upper side of the lifting platform. The output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the rotating cone dial. There is a bag-breaking needle on the side, a center needle on the middle of the rotating cone, a fixed cone on the lower side of the lifting table, a positioning cone on the underside of the fixed needle, and a conveyor belt under the bag breaking area. , The sorting area is horizontally equipped with a vibrating sorting screen, above the sorting screen forms an over-sieve material storehouse, and under the sorting screen forms an under-screen material storehouse. The invention can pretreat the bagged garbage with different sizes by breaking the bag, and then efficiently classify the mixed garbage, thereby improving the efficiency of garbage treatment.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于垃圾分选装置领域，特别涉及一种生活垃圾分选装置。The invention belongs to the field of garbage sorting devices, in particular to a domestic garbage sorting device.
背景技术Background technique
现有技术中，有一种垃圾分选机，其专利申请号：201210170021.9；申请日：2012.05.29；其结构包括箱体、主轴、主轴传动装置、筛筒、进料槽、吹料管机构、分布在筛筒下的漏料斗，在箱体内的上部主轴前高后低倾斜安装在箱体上，在箱体上设置主轴传动装置带动主轴转动，在箱体内主轴上设置安装筛筒形成转动筛筒，筛筒的筛网密度由高至低分段排布设置，在箱体上对应筛筒的进料端设置安装进料槽，在箱体上对应筛筒的出料端设置安装吹料管机构，吹料管机构包括吹料管、砖块石块排放槽、轻质块物料排放槽、轻薄物料吹送管，在吹料管上对应筛筒的出料端口开有进料口，对应筛筒的出料端中心部位在吹料管进料口的下部开设砖块石块排放槽，在砖块石块排放槽的前部开设轻质块物料排放槽，在轻质块物料排放槽前部与吹料管对接连接轻薄物料吹送管，在轻薄片物料吹送管的外端设置收集笼，在筛筒下部对应筛网密度分段设置的筛网分别设置漏料斗，对应每个漏料斗分别设置输送装置。该装置可以对混合型生活垃圾进行分类处理，但是其不足之处在于：为了便于运输，垃圾处理站会用袋子对混合型生活垃圾进行打包，由于袋子将垃圾包裹在内部，该装置无法处理位于袋子内部的混合型生活垃圾，存在很大的局限性。In the prior art, there is a garbage sorting machine, its patent application number: 201210170021.9; application date: 2012.05.29; its structure includes a box body, a main shaft, a main shaft transmission device, a screen cylinder, a feeding trough, a blowing pipe mechanism, The funnel distributed under the sieve cylinder, the upper main shaft in the box is installed on the box with a high front and a low inclination. The main shaft transmission device is set on the box to drive the main shaft to rotate, and the sieve tube is installed on the main shaft in the box to form a rotating sieve. The screen density of the screen cylinder is arranged in sections from high to low, and the feeding groove is installed on the box body corresponding to the feed end of the screen cylinder, and the blowing material is installed on the box body corresponding to the discharge end of the screen cylinder. Pipe mechanism, blowing pipe mechanism includes blowing pipe, brick and stone discharge groove, light block material discharge groove, light and thin material blowing pipe, there is a feeding port on the blowing pipe corresponding to the discharge port of the screen cylinder, corresponding The central part of the discharge end of the screen cylinder is provided with a brick and stone discharge groove at the lower part of the blowing pipe inlet, and a light block material discharge groove is set at the front of the brick and stone discharge groove. The front part is docked with the blowing pipe to connect the light and thin material blowing pipe, and a collecting cage is arranged at the outer end of the light and thin material blowing pipe, and a funnel hopper is respectively arranged on the screen mesh corresponding to the screen mesh density in the lower part of the screen cylinder, corresponding to each funnel hopper Set up the conveying device separately. The device can classify the mixed domestic waste, but its disadvantage is: for the convenience of transportation, the waste disposal station will use bags to pack the mixed domestic waste. Since the bag wraps the waste inside, the device cannot handle The mixed domestic waste inside the bag has great limitations.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种生活垃圾自动化多级分选装置，能够对体积大小不同的袋装垃圾进行破袋预处理，然后将混合垃圾高效分类，提高了垃圾处理效率。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic multi-stage sorting device for domestic garbage, which can pretreat bagged garbage with different sizes, and then efficiently classify mixed garbage, improving the efficiency of garbage treatment.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：一种生活垃圾自动化多级分选装置，包括箱体，所述箱体内部由从前到后依次分布的进料区、破袋区和分选区组成，所述箱体的进料区倾斜设置，箱体前部设置有进料口，箱体的破袋区上方竖直设置有固定支架，固定支架上部设置有活塞杆向下延伸的气缸，气缸的活塞杆伸出端设置有水平的升降台，升降台与固定支架之间设置有竖直导向机构，升降台上侧设置有驱动电机，驱动电机的输出轴竖直向下穿过升降台并传动连接有旋转锥针盘，旋转锥针盘下侧径向对称设置有一对竖直的破袋锥针，旋转锥针盘中部竖直设置有中心锥针，所述升降台下侧固定连接有与旋转锥针盘同轴设置的固定锥针盘，固定锥针盘下侧竖直设置有若干定位锥针，所述破袋锥针的针尖位于定位锥针下方，所述中心锥针的针尖位于破袋锥针下方，定位锥针与中心锥针的间距大于破袋锥针与中心锥针的间距，中心锥针、破袋锥针和定位锥针均向下伸进箱体内部，所述箱体的破袋区下方对应设置有传送带，箱体的分选区水平设置有可振动的分选筛，分选区的分选筛上方形成筛上料库，分选筛的下方形成筛下料库，所述箱体后部分别设置有与筛上料库相连的上出料口和与筛下料库相连的下出料口。The purpose of the present invention is achieved in this way: an automatic multi-stage sorting device for domestic waste, including a box body, the inside of the box body is composed of a feeding area, a bag breaking area and a sorting area distributed sequentially from front to back. The feeding area of the box body is arranged obliquely, the front part of the box body is provided with a feeding port, and a fixed bracket is vertically arranged above the bag breaking area of the box body, and a cylinder with a piston rod extending downward is arranged on the upper part of the fixed bracket, and the piston rod of the cylinder body The extension end is provided with a horizontal lifting platform, and a vertical guiding mechanism is arranged between the lifting platform and the fixed support. A driving motor is arranged on the upper side of the lifting platform, and the output shaft of the driving motor passes through the lifting platform vertically downwards and is connected by transmission. Rotating cone needle disk, a pair of vertical bag-breaking cone needles are arranged radially symmetrically on the lower side of the rotating cone needle disk, and a central cone needle is vertically arranged in the middle of the rotating cone needle disk, and the lower side of the lifting platform is fixedly connected with the rotating cone needle. The fixed cone needle disk is arranged coaxially with the needle disk. There are several positioning cone needles vertically arranged on the lower side of the fixed cone needle disk. Below the cone needle, the distance between the positioning cone needle and the center cone needle is greater than the distance between the bag breaking cone needle and the center cone needle. Correspondingly, there is a conveyor belt under the bag breaking area of the box body, and a vibrating sorting screen is installed horizontally in the sorting area of the box body. Above the sorting screen in the sorting area forms an on-sieve material warehouse, and below the sorting screen forms an under-screen material warehouse. The rear part of the box body is respectively provided with an upper discharge port connected with the above-screen material storehouse and a lower discharge port connected with the under-screen material storehouse.
本发明工作时，垃圾袋从进料口进入箱体进料区，垃圾袋滑入破袋区的传送带上，气缸工作带动升降台向下移动，直到定位锥针、破袋锥针和中心锥针都刺穿并插进垃圾袋内，定位锥针将垃圾袋的位置固定，驱动电机工作带动旋转锥针盘转动，中心锥针插入垃圾袋的最深位置，破袋锥针绕中心锥针转动，两根破袋锥针互相配合将垃圾袋上部割开一圆形开口，垃圾袋内的混合型垃圾从圆形开口出来，传送带工作将混合型垃圾运送到分选区，分选筛振动，使得体积较小的垃圾穿过分选筛的筛孔进入到筛下料库，体积较大的垃圾停留在筛上料库，分选后的垃圾分别通过上出料口和下出料口进入后续垃圾处理系统。与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：气缸根据垃圾袋的体积大小带动升降台上下移动，使得中心锥针插入垃圾袋内部，能够适应不同体积大小的垃圾袋，完成破袋处理；定位锥针从外周将垃圾袋固定住，防止垃圾袋移动，便于破袋锥针在内周旋转切割垃圾袋，中心锥针插入垃圾袋中心，破袋锥针始终绕中心锥针旋转并切割垃圾袋，更容易将垃圾袋破袋；定位锥针插入垃圾袋内部的位置最浅，破袋锥针插入垃圾袋内部的位置其次，破袋锥针切割垃圾袋的切割效果更好，中心锥针插入垃圾袋内部的位置最深，对垃圾袋待切割的圆形部分起到定位作用，便于破袋锥针切割；分选筛可以将体积大小不同的垃圾分选出来，方便后续垃圾处理系统处理垃圾，提高了垃圾分类处理的效率。本装置结构简单，使用方便，可以用于袋装生活垃圾的前期预处理，完成垃圾破袋和垃圾分选。When the present invention works, the garbage bag enters the box feeding area from the feed port, the garbage bag slides onto the conveyor belt in the bag breaking area, and the cylinder works to drive the lifting platform to move down until the positioning cone needle, bag breaking cone needle and center cone The needles are pierced and inserted into the garbage bag, the positioning cone needle fixes the position of the garbage bag, the driving motor drives the rotating cone needle disc to rotate, the center cone needle is inserted into the deepest position of the garbage bag, and the bag breaking cone needle rotates around the center cone needle , the two bag-breaking cone needles cooperate with each other to cut a circular opening on the upper part of the garbage bag, and the mixed garbage in the garbage bag comes out from the circular opening, and the conveyor belt transports the mixed garbage to the sorting area, and the sorting screen vibrates, making Smaller garbage enters the under-screen silo through the sieve holes of the sorting sieve, larger garbage stays in the upper sieve silo, and the sorted garbage enters the subsequent garbage through the upper and lower outlets respectively. processing system. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the cylinder drives the lifting platform to move up and down according to the volume of the garbage bag, so that the central cone needle is inserted into the garbage bag, which can adapt to garbage bags of different sizes and complete the bag breaking process; The positioning cone needle fixes the garbage bag from the outer circumference to prevent the garbage bag from moving, which is convenient for the bag-breaking cone needle to rotate and cut the garbage bag on the inner circumference. It is easier to break the garbage bag; the position where the positioning cone needle is inserted into the garbage bag is the shallowest, and the position where the bag breaking cone needle is inserted into the garbage bag is second. The cutting effect of the bag breaking cone needle cutting garbage bag is better, and the center cone needle The position inserted into the garbage bag is the deepest, and it plays a role in positioning the round part of the garbage bag to be cut, which is convenient for bag-breaking cone cutting; the sorting screen can sort out garbage of different sizes, which is convenient for the subsequent garbage disposal system to process garbage , improving the efficiency of waste sorting and processing. The device has a simple structure and is easy to use, and can be used for pretreatment of bagged domestic garbage, and completes garbage bag breaking and garbage sorting.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述升降台下侧固定连接有与驱动电机输出轴相对应的轴套，所述固定锥针盘与轴套一体设置。轴套对驱动电机输出轴起到保护作用，固定锥针盘与轴套一体设置保证了与旋转锥针盘之间的同轴度。As a further improvement of the present invention, a shaft sleeve corresponding to the output shaft of the drive motor is fixedly connected to the lower side of the lifting platform, and the fixed cone dial is integrally arranged with the shaft sleeve. The shaft sleeve protects the output shaft of the driving motor, and the integral arrangement of the fixed cone dial and the shaft sleeve ensures the coaxiality with the rotating cone dial.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述固定锥针盘与旋转锥针盘之间设置有套装在轴套上的限位套，限位套与旋转锥针盘之间设置有平面轴承。该技术方案使得旋转锥针盘转动时更加顺畅。As a further improvement of the present invention, a limit sleeve fitted on the shaft sleeve is provided between the fixed cone dial and the rotating cone dial, and a plane bearing is provided between the limit sleeve and the rotating cone dial. This technical scheme makes the rotation of the rotary cone dial more smooth.
为了使得升降台上下移动时更加灵活顺畅，避免升降台升降过程中偏离水平面，所述竖直导向机构包括若干设置在固定支架上的导向套，升降台上设置有若干对应插入导向套内的导向杆。In order to make the lifting platform move up and down more flexibly and smoothly, and avoid the deviation from the horizontal plane during the lifting process of the lifting platform, the vertical guiding mechanism includes a number of guide sleeves arranged on the fixed bracket, and the lifting platform is provided with a number of corresponding guides inserted into the guide sleeves. pole.
为了优化定位锥针对垃圾袋的定位效果，方便破袋锥针切割垃圾袋，所述定位锥针周向均匀分布在固定锥针盘下侧，定位锥针至少设置有2根。In order to optimize the positioning effect of the positioning cone on the garbage bag and facilitate the cutting of the garbage bag by the bag-breaking cone needle, the positioning cone needles are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the lower side of the fixed cone needle disk, and at least two positioning cone needles are provided.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述分选筛通过若干互相平行的传动杆与振动发生器相连接。振动发生器振动，通过传动杆带动分选筛振动，将体积大小不同的垃圾分隔开。As a further improvement of the present invention, the sorting screen is connected with the vibration generator through several transmission rods parallel to each other. The vibrating generator vibrates, and drives the sorting screen to vibrate through the transmission rod to separate garbage of different sizes.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述箱体上方设置有风机，风机的出风口设置有风管，风管与箱体分选区相连通。风机工作，通过风管对分选区吹风，风吹动垃圾穿过分选筛的筛孔，体积较小的垃圾更容易进入筛下料库，分选筛与风力结合形成多级分选，进一步保证垃圾的有效分类。As a further improvement of the present invention, a fan is arranged above the box, and an air duct is provided at the air outlet of the fan, and the air duct communicates with the box sorting area. The fan works, blowing air to the sorting area through the air duct, and the wind blows the garbage through the mesh of the sorting screen, so that the smaller garbage can enter the under-screen warehouse more easily, and the sorting screen and wind force form a multi-stage sorting, which further ensures Effective sorting of waste.
作为本发明的优选，所述气缸的活塞杆伸出端通过驱动电机与升降台固定连接。As a preference of the present invention, the protruding end of the piston rod of the air cylinder is fixedly connected to the lifting platform through a driving motor.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1 为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
图2为本发明的部分结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图3为固定锥针盘和旋转锥针盘的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed cone dial and the rotating cone dial.
其中，1箱体，101进料区，102破袋区，103分选区，103a筛上料库，103b筛下料库，2进料口，3上出料口，4下出料口，5固定支架，6气缸，7升降台，8导向套，9导向杆，10驱动电机，11旋转锥针盘，12破袋锥针，13中心锥针，14固定锥针盘，15定位锥针，16传送带，17分选筛，18振动发生器，19传动杆，20轴套，21限位套，22风机，23风管。Among them, 1 box body, 101 feeding area, 102 bag breaking area, 103 sorting area, 103a sieve hopper, 103b sieve silo, 2 feed port, 3 upper discharge port, 4 lower discharge port, 5 Fixed bracket, 6 cylinders, 7 lifting table, 8 guide sleeve, 9 guide rod, 10 drive motor, 11 rotating cone needle, 12 bag breaking cone needle, 13 center cone needle, 14 fixed cone needle disk, 15 positioning cone needle, 16 conveyor belt, 17 sorting screen, 18 vibration generator, 19 transmission rod, 20 shaft sleeve, 21 limit sleeve, 22 fan, 23 air duct.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1-3所示，为一种生活垃圾自动化多级分选装置，包括箱体1，箱体1内部由从前到后依次分布的进料区101、破袋区102和分选区103组成，箱体1的进料区101倾斜设置，箱体1前部设置有进料口2，箱体1的破袋区102上方竖直设置有固定支架5，固定支架5上部设置有活塞杆向下延伸的气缸6，气缸6的活塞杆伸出端设置有水平的升降台7，升降台7与固定支架5之间设置有竖直导向机构，所述竖直导向机构包括若干设置在固定支架5上的导向套8，升降台7上设置有若干对应插入导向套8内的导向杆9；升降台7上侧设置有驱动电机10，气缸6的活塞杆伸出端通过驱动电机10与升降台7固定连接；驱动电机10的输出轴竖直向下穿过升降台7并传动连接有旋转锥针盘11，旋转锥针盘11下侧径向对称设置有一对竖直的破袋锥针12，旋转锥针盘11中部竖直设置有中心锥针13，升降台7下侧固定连接有与旋转锥针盘11同轴设置的固定锥针盘14，升降台7下侧固定连接有与驱动电机10输出轴相对应的轴套20，固定锥针盘14与轴套20一体设置；固定锥针盘14与旋转锥针盘11之间设置有套装在轴套20上的限位套21，限位套21与旋转锥针盘11之间设置有平面轴承；固定锥针盘14下侧竖直设置有若干定位锥针15，定位锥针15周向均匀分布在固定锥针盘14下侧，定位锥针15至少设置有2根；破袋锥针12的针尖位于定位锥针15下方，中心锥针13的针尖位于破袋锥针12下方，定位锥针15与中心锥针13的间距大于破袋锥针12与中心锥针13的间距，中心锥针13、破袋锥针12和定位锥针15均向下伸进箱体1内部，箱体1的破袋区102下方对应设置有传送带16，箱体1的分选区103水平设置有可振动的分选筛17，分选筛17通过若干互相平行的传动杆18与振动发生器19相连接；分选区103的分选筛17上方形成筛上料库103a，分选筛17的下方形成筛下料库103b，箱体1后部分别设置有与筛上料库103a相连的上出料口3和与筛下料库103b相连的下出料口4。箱体1上方设置有风机22，风机22的出风口设置有风管23，风管23与箱体1分选区103相连通。As shown in Figure 1-3, it is an automatic multi-stage sorting device for domestic waste, including a box body 1, and the inside of the box body 1 is composed of a feeding area 101, a bag breaking area 102 and a sorting area 103 distributed in sequence from front to back. , the feeding area 101 of the box body 1 is arranged obliquely, the front part of the box body 1 is provided with a feeding port 2, the upper part of the bag breaking area 102 of the box body 1 is vertically provided with a fixed bracket 5, and the upper part of the fixed bracket 5 is provided with a piston rod direction The cylinder 6 extending downward, the piston rod extension end of the cylinder 6 is provided with a horizontal elevating platform 7, and a vertical guide mechanism is arranged between the elevating platform 7 and the fixed support 5. The guide sleeve 8 on the 5, the lifting table 7 is provided with some guide rods 9 correspondingly inserted into the guide sleeve 8; The platform 7 is fixedly connected; the output shaft of the driving motor 10 passes through the lifting platform 7 vertically downwards and is connected to the rotating cone needle disk 11 by transmission. The lower side of the rotating cone needle disk 11 is radially symmetrically provided with a pair of vertical bag-breaking cone needles 12. A central cone needle 13 is vertically arranged in the middle of the rotating cone needle disk 11, a fixed cone needle disk 14 coaxially arranged with the rotating cone needle disk 11 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the lifting platform 7, and a fixed cone needle disk 14 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the lifting platform 7. The shaft sleeve 20 corresponding to the output shaft of the drive motor 10, the fixed cone dial 14 and the shaft sleeve 20 are integrally arranged; the limit sleeve 21 set on the shaft sleeve 20 is arranged between the fixed cone dial 14 and the rotating cone dial 11 , a plane bearing is arranged between the limit sleeve 21 and the rotating cone dial 11; a number of positioning cone needles 15 are vertically arranged on the lower side of the fixed cone needle disk 14, and the positioning cone needles 15 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction under the fixed cone needle disk 14 side, at least two positioning cone needles 15 are provided; the needle point of the bag breaking cone needle 12 is located below the positioning cone needle 15, the needle point of the center cone needle 13 is located below the bag breaking cone needle 12, the positioning cone needle 15 and the center cone needle 13 The spacing is greater than the distance between the bag-breaking cone needle 12 and the center cone needle 13. The center cone needle 13, the bag-breaking cone needle 12 and the positioning cone needle 15 all extend downward into the interior of the box body 1, and the bag-breaking area 102 of the box body 1 is below the corresponding Conveyor belt 16 is provided, and the sorting area 103 of box body 1 is horizontally provided with the sorting screen 17 that can vibrate, and sorting screen 17 is connected with vibration generator 19 by some transmission rods 18 parallel to each other; The sorting screen of sorting area 103 17 to form an over-sieve material storehouse 103a, and below the sorting screen 17 to form an under-screen material storehouse 103b; Connected lower outlet 4. A fan 22 is arranged above the box body 1 , and an air duct 23 is arranged at the air outlet of the fan 22 , and the air duct 23 communicates with the sorting area 103 of the box body 1 .
本装置工作时，垃圾袋从进料口2进入箱体1进料区101，垃圾袋滑入破袋区102的传送带上，气缸6工作带动升降台7向下移动，直到定位锥针15、破袋锥针12和中心锥针13都刺穿并插进垃圾袋内，定位锥针15将垃圾袋的位置固定，驱动电机10工作带动旋转锥针盘11转动，中心锥针13插入垃圾袋的最深位置，破袋锥针12绕中心锥针13转动，两根破袋锥针12互相配合将垃圾袋上部割开一圆形开口，垃圾袋内的混合型垃圾从圆形开口出来，传送带16工作将混合型垃圾运送到分选区103，分选筛17振动，风机22工作，通过风管23对分选区103吹风，风吹动垃圾穿过分选筛17的筛孔，使得体积较小的垃圾穿过分选筛17的筛孔进入到筛下料库103b，体积较大的垃圾停留在筛上料库103a，分选后的垃圾分别通过上出料口3和下出料口4进入后续垃圾处理系统。本装置的优点在于：气缸6根据垃圾袋的体积大小带动升降台7上下移动，使得中心锥针13插入垃圾袋内部，能够适应不同体积大小的垃圾袋，完成破袋处理；定位锥针15从外周将垃圾袋固定住，防止垃圾袋移动，便于破袋锥针12在内周旋转切割垃圾袋，中心锥针13插入垃圾袋中心，破袋锥针12始终绕中心锥针13旋转并切割垃圾袋，更容易将垃圾袋破袋；定位锥针15插入垃圾袋内部的位置最浅，破袋锥针12插入垃圾袋内部的位置其次，破袋锥针12切割垃圾袋的切割效果更好，中心锥针13插入垃圾袋内部的位置最深，对垃圾袋待切割的圆形部分起到定位作用，便于破袋锥针12切割；分选筛17和风机22结合形成多级分选，可以将体积大小不同的垃圾分选出来，方便后续垃圾处理系统处理垃圾，提高了垃圾分类处理的效率。本装置结构简单，使用方便，可以用于袋装生活垃圾的前期预处理，完成垃圾破袋和垃圾分选。When the device works, the garbage bag enters the feeding area 101 of the box body 1 from the feed port 2, and the garbage bag slides into the conveyor belt in the bag breaking area 102, and the cylinder 6 works to drive the lifting platform 7 to move downward until the positioning cone needle 15, Both the bag breaking cone needle 12 and the central cone needle 13 are pierced and inserted into the garbage bag, the positioning cone needle 15 fixes the position of the garbage bag, the driving motor 10 works to drive the rotating cone needle disk 11 to rotate, and the center cone needle 13 is inserted into the garbage bag At the deepest position, the bag breaking cone needle 12 rotates around the center cone needle 13, and the two bag breaking cone needles 12 cooperate with each other to cut a circular opening on the upper part of the garbage bag, and the mixed garbage in the garbage bag comes out from the circular opening, and the conveyor belt 16 works to transport the mixed garbage to the sorting area 103, the sorting screen 17 vibrates, the fan 22 works, blows air to the sorting area 103 through the air duct 23, and the wind blows the garbage through the screen holes of the sorting screen 17, so that the smaller volume Garbage passes through the sieve holes of the sorting screen 17 and enters the under-screen bin 103b, and the larger garbage stays in the over-screen bin 103a. Garbage disposal system. The advantage of this device is that: the cylinder 6 drives the lifting table 7 to move up and down according to the volume of the garbage bag, so that the central cone needle 13 is inserted into the garbage bag, which can adapt to garbage bags of different sizes and complete the bag breaking process; The outer periphery fixes the garbage bag to prevent the garbage bag from moving, which is convenient for the bag breaking cone needle 12 to rotate and cut the garbage bag on the inner circumference, and the central cone needle 13 is inserted into the center of the garbage bag, and the bag breaking cone needle 12 always rotates around the central cone needle 13 and cuts the garbage It is easier to break the garbage bag; the position where the positioning cone needle 15 is inserted into the garbage bag is the shallowest, and the position where the bag breaking cone needle 12 is inserted into the garbage bag is second, and the cutting effect of the bag breaking cone needle 12 is better for cutting garbage bags. The central cone needle 13 is inserted into the deepest position in the garbage bag, which plays a positioning role for the circular part of the garbage bag to be cut, and is convenient for cutting the bag by the cone needle 12; Garbage with different sizes is sorted out, which facilitates the subsequent garbage treatment system to process garbage, and improves the efficiency of garbage sorting and processing. The device has a simple structure and is easy to use, and can be used for pretreatment of bagged domestic garbage, and completes garbage bag breaking and garbage sorting.
本发明并不局限于上述实施例，在本发明公开的技术方案的基础上，本领域的技术人员根据所公开的技术内容，不需要创造性的劳动就可以对其中的一些技术特征作出一些替换和变形，这些替换和变形均在本发明的保护范围内。The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. On the basis of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some replacements and modifications to some of the technical features according to the disclosed technical content without creative work. Deformation, these replacements and deformations are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
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Application publication date: 20170510 |