CN106614542A - 防潮阻隔的惰性层材料、其制备及在农药泡腾片中的应用 - Google Patents

防潮阻隔的惰性层材料、其制备及在农药泡腾片中的应用 Download PDF

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CN106614542A
CN106614542A CN201611140450.6A CN201611140450A CN106614542A CN 106614542 A CN106614542 A CN 106614542A CN 201611140450 A CN201611140450 A CN 201611140450A CN 106614542 A CN106614542 A CN 106614542A
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李晓刚
喻湘林
朱锐
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防潮阻隔的惰性层材料、其制备及其在农药泡腾片中的应用,是将阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸钠和瓜尔胶中的一种或几种的混合物与一氯乙酸在45~75℃、pH 3~6的条件下反应制得。本发明的工艺简单,操作方便,反应易于控制。将该惰性层材料加入到农药泡腾片配方中,可以有效阻隔酸碱源的直接接触,降低泡腾片在湿度较高环境中遇水反应的概率,抑制水份通过毛细现象的渗入,防止泡腾片发生变质所导致的片剂开裂、变软、药效降低等现象。

Description

防潮阻隔的惰性层材料、其制备及在农药泡腾片中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于农药加工领域,具体涉及一种防潮阻隔的惰性层材料、其制备及其在农药泡腾片中的应用。
背景技术
农药泡腾片剂是把农药的原药通过超微粉碎变为超细粒子,利用特殊生产工艺生产,在不改变原药特性的基础上制成颗粒,当药粒接触到水后发生酸碱反应,释放出大量二氧化碳,原药在这一定向反应中靠气体的推动力和崩解剂等辅料作用下迅速崩解,有效成分快速扩散,分布更均匀,药物更速效,药效能得到充分发挥。
吸湿是固体制剂经常发生的现象。吸湿容易导致固体制剂变软、化学成分发生变化、霉变等,使药品的质量受到影响,并给生产和贮存带来困难。由于固体制剂的绝大多数辅料含有较多的吸湿性成分,其吸湿问题是阻碍泡腾片发展的障碍之一。尤其是泡腾片剂中含有大量酸源、碱源,压片后的泡腾片如果暴露在空气下极其容易受水分影响发生反应产生二氧化碳,导致片剂硬度降低,外观改变。泡腾片吸潮后在水中溶解时也容易出现崩解速度慢、崩解时间长、产气量较少、沉淀较多等现象。片剂性能将大大降低。
就现有的固体制剂防潮技术主要采用以下方法:
1、用喷雾干燥技术降低吸湿速率
固体制剂传统干燥法多为烘箱干燥,时间长,得到的是粉体易成块状。粉碎后粉体流动性差,并且很容易吸潮。采用喷雾干燥得到的固体制剂,可使颗粒紧密度提高、空隙率减小、比表面积降低、延缓固体制剂的吸湿速度。
2、选择适宜辅料,减小总吸湿值
水溶性的药物粉末在较低相对湿度环境时一般不吸湿,但当提高相对湿度到某一定值时,能迅速增加吸湿量,此时的相对湿度称为临界相对湿度(critical relativehumidity,CRH)。水不溶性药物或辅料形成不发生相互作用的混合物时,其吸湿量具有加和性,即总吸湿量大约等于各成分的百分含量同单独吸湿量乘积之和。水溶性药物或辅料的混合物的CRH往往低于其中任一组分的CRH,即混合物的吸湿性增强。因此,对于容易吸湿的固体制剂,应选择不易吸湿的辅料,减小制剂的总吸湿量,降低吸湿程度。
3、对固体制剂进行包衣,提高临界相对湿度(CRH)
用防水聚合物如乙基纤维素(EC)、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅳ等材料对固体制剂进行包衣可提高其CRH值,降低固体制剂的吸湿程度,同时聚合物包衣膜对湿气具有阻隔作用,可降低制剂的吸湿速度,提高固体制剂的稳定性。
4、采用防潮包装
选用低透湿度的材料或容器将产品密封包装,或在包装容器内装入适量的能吸收潮气的干燥剂,降低固体制剂局部环境的水蒸气压,减少固体制剂的吸湿性。药品防潮包装材料一般选择塑料、玻璃瓶或者合成膜等进行包装。
上述现有的方法虽然在一定程度上克服了泡腾片吸潮的问题,但存在制备方法复杂、成本较高的缺陷。采用添加不易吸湿的辅料或对固体制剂进行包衣降低吸湿性工艺精细化要求较高,制造成本高,主要应用于医药制剂加工。通过喷雾干燥技术可以提高粉体的干燥度,然而,在制备农药泡腾片前粉体需要在开放的环境中混合、压片,生产环境的水份会吸附在片剂的表面。虽然,产品可以采用防潮包装,保障在储存和运输期间不吸湿,但是,吸收在片剂表面的水份会通过毛细现象慢慢由表入里,导致酸源和碱源结合产生气体引起片剂膨胀而开裂,影响产品的商品性能和生物活性。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题在于提供一种防潮阻隔的惰性层材料、其制备及其在农药泡腾片中的应用,克服农药泡腾片易吸湿胀包的缺点,相较于传统防潮方法,制备方法工艺简单、成本低廉。
本发明的技术方案为:一种防潮阻隔的惰性层材料的制备方法,是将阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸钠和瓜尔胶中的一种或几种的混合物与一氯乙酸在45~75℃、pH 3~6的条件下反应制得。
在一个具体实施方式中,反应温度65~75℃,pH 3~4。
在一个具体实施方式中,阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸钠和瓜尔胶中的一种或几种的混合物与一氯乙酸摩尔比为1:1~2。
在一个具体实施方式中,反应溶剂为体积比1:1~2的乙醇-水,反应时间为1~2h。
在一个具体实施方式中,先将阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸钠和瓜尔胶中的一种或几种的混合物与一氯乙酸溶解在水中,然后将其加入到溶有无机强碱的乙醇-水溶液中进行反应。
在一个具体实施方式中,反应结束后过滤、用乙醇洗涤并烘干。
本发明还提供所述方法制备的防潮阻隔的惰性层材料。
本发明还提供具有防潮阻隔功能的农药泡腾片的制备方法,制备片剂时加入上述的惰性层材料。
在一个具体实施方式中,采用粉末压片法制备泡腾片,惰性层材料用量占片剂质量的3~5%。
本发明还提供上述方法制备的农药泡腾片。
本发明的优点及有益效果在于:
1、制备防潮阻隔的惰性层材料的方法使用的各种原料成本低廉,工艺简单,操作方便,反应易于控制。
2、将该惰性层材料加入到农药泡腾片配方中,可以有效阻隔酸碱源的直接接触,降低泡腾片在湿度较高环境中遇水反应的概率,抑制水份通过毛细现象的渗入,防止泡腾片发生变质所导致的片剂开裂、变软、药效降低等现象。
附图说明
附图1为本发明实施例制备的泡腾片72h以内吸湿性变化曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例和附图对本发明进行详细的描述。
在实施实例1~3中,采用苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯为泡腾片原药,采用直接粉末压片法制备成32.5%苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯泡腾片剂,其中苯醚甲环唑质量百分含量为12.5%,嘧菌酯质量百分含量为20%。
苯醚甲环唑是新型三唑类内吸性杀菌剂,具有低毒性、高化学稳定性、持效期长等优点,可用于防治多种作物的多种真菌病害。
嘧菌酯是一种新的甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯类杀菌剂,与目前国内市场上使用的其它杀菌剂无交互抗性,抑菌活性高,抗病谱广且对人类和环境友好,是目前研究最热的一类杀菌剂。
实施实例1:
本实施实例采用的惰性层材料是通过化合物基团改性得来的,其制备方法的步骤是:
(1)将阿拉伯树胶在水中均匀溶解得到15%(质量)溶液,加入相对阿拉伯树胶摩尔比为1:1的ClCH2COOH;
(2)将一定配比的氢氧化钠、乙醇-水(体积比1:1.2),加入到带温度计和搅拌器的250ml的三口烧瓶中,使水温保持在45℃;
(3)将第一步中的样品加入到第二步中的三口烧瓶中,控制pH值3,连续搅拌,加热至65℃反应1小时,反应结束后,将反应后的样品冷却、抽滤,用乙醇洗涤,得淡黄色的粘稠液体,烘干后研碎,即得到目标产物惰性层材料。
本实施例的泡腾片制备方法如下:
1)将32.5重量份的苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯、20重量份的碳酸氢钠、20重量份的酒石酸、5重量份的聚乙二醇6000、4重量份的聚维酮K30、5重量份的交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、8.25重量份的润湿分散剂、4重量份的上述制备的惰性层材料和2.25重量份的载体白炭黑预混合,过气流粉碎机粉碎,粉碎后的物料烘干后再过325目标准筛得干粉(烘干温度不能高于60℃)。
2)将步骤1中的干粉在压片机中压制成片,压片条件为温度为20℃左右,湿度40%以下,片剂大小根据需要确定。
实施实例2:
与实施例1相比,32.5%苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯泡腾片剂配方组成大部分不变,只将惰性层材料改成采用瓜尔胶按实施例1的方法改性。
片剂压制仪器和方法同实施实例1。
实施实例3:
与实施例1相比,32.5%苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯泡腾片剂配方组成大部分不变,不加入惰性层材料,2.25重量份的载体白炭黑增加至6.25重量份,作为防潮效果对比。
片剂压制仪器和方法同实施实例1。
以实施实例1、2和3所制得的片剂分别进行了湿度为75%的72h吸湿率测定,结果分别见于表1和图1。
表1本发明泡腾片72h以内不同时间段的吸湿率测定结果
从表1和图1可见,未加入惰性层材料所制得的泡腾片在75%湿度环境下吸湿率明显比加入惰性层材料所制得的泡腾片高,说明惰性层材料在高湿度的环境下起到了阻隔酸碱源的直接接触反应,有效降低了泡腾片吸湿性,利于泡腾片的贮存。
实施实例4:
1)在本实施实例中,采用的惰性层材料其制备方法的步骤是:
(a)将海藻酸钠和瓜尔胶(质量比1:1)在水中均匀溶解得到15%溶液,加入相对海藻酸钠和瓜尔胶总量摩尔比1:2的ClCH2COOH;
(b)将一定配比的氢氧化钠、乙醇-水(体积比1:2),加入到带温度计和搅拌器的250ml的三口烧瓶中,使水温保持在75℃;
(c)将第一步中的样品加入到第二步中的三口烧瓶中,控制pH值4,连续搅拌,加热至75℃反应2小时,反应结束后,将反应后的样品冷却、抽滤,用乙醇洗涤,得淡黄色的粘稠液体,烘干后研碎,即得到目标产物惰性层材料。
2)将32.5重量份的苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯、20重量份的碳酸氢钠、20重量份的酒石酸、5重量份的聚乙二醇6000、4重量份的聚维酮K30、5重量份的交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、8.25重量份的润湿分散剂、3重量份的上述制备的惰性层材料和3.25重量份的载体白炭黑预混合,过气流粉碎机粉碎,粉碎后的物料烘干后再过325目标准筛得干粉(烘干温度不能高于60℃)。
3)将步骤1中的干粉在压片机中压制成片,压片条件为温度为20℃左右,湿度40%以下,片剂大小根据需要确定。
将实施实例4制得的片剂进行湿度为75%的72h吸湿率测定,3h吸湿率为1.56%,72h为13.44%。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (10)

1.一种防潮阻隔的惰性层材料的制备方法,其特征在于:是将阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸钠和瓜尔胶中的一种或几种的混合物与一氯乙酸在45~75℃、pH 3~6的条件下反应制得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:反应温度65~75℃,pH 3~4。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸钠和瓜尔胶中的一种或几种的混合物与一氯乙酸摩尔比为1:1~2。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:反应溶剂为体积比1:1~2的乙醇-水,反应时间为1~2h。
5.根据权利要求1、2或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:先将阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸钠和瓜尔胶中的一种或几种的混合物与一氯乙酸溶解在水中,然后将其加入到溶有无机强碱的乙醇-水溶液中进行反应。
6.根据权利要求1、2或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:反应结束后过滤、用乙醇洗涤并烘干。
7.一种权利要求1~6之一所述方法制备的防潮阻隔的惰性层材料。
8.一种具有防潮阻隔功能的农药泡腾片的制备方法,其特征在于:制备片剂时加入权利要求7的惰性层材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述农药泡腾片的制备方法,其特征在于:采用粉末压片法制备泡腾片,惰性层材料用量占片剂质量的3~5%。
10.一种权利要求8或9所述方法制备的农药泡腾片。
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