CN106590453A - 一种复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜及其制备方法。按质量分数计，将磨碎纤维10～15％、热固性树脂65～75％、热塑性弹性体粉料或韧性胶膜12～18％和反应促进剂2～3％混合均匀后形成混合物，然后将混合物夹在上离型膜和下离型纸中间，并经过压辊压制成复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜，复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜的厚度为0.5～5mm。通过在层间引入磨碎纤维，经过热压后使得呈三维针状分布的无数纤维屑嵌入织物纤维层间起到销钉的连接作用，通过在层间引入高弹性基质或韧性胶膜层，达到增加层间韧性、抑制分层形成与裂纹扩展的目的，使复合材料层合板结构的抗冲击损伤和抗分层能力有较大的提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域，具体涉及一种复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
多层复合板材的易分层的问题，是影响材料综合使用性能的重要指标。国内外都有一些技术措施，如多向经编技术、多向纬编技术、织物缝合技术、三维编织技术、绗缝技术、Z-pin销钉植入技术、刚性液晶原位复合技术、纤维毡针刺技术、细编穿刺技术等。上述技术存在以下缺点或不足：(1)生产成本较高；(2)生产过程对纤维的损伤较严重；(3生产工艺标准化程度较低；(4)产品的质量一致性难以控制；(5)生产周期较长。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能显著提升多层纤维制品间的抗分层能力，同时还能提高材料的综合力学性能，如抗剪切性能，还可改善多层复合材料的功能性，如提高隔音、吸波、减震性能的复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜及其制备方法。
本发明的复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜是通过以下方法制备的：
按质量分数计，将磨碎纤维10～15％、热固性树脂65～75％、热塑性弹性体粉料或韧性胶膜12～18％和反应促进剂2～3％混合均匀后形成混合物，然后将混合物夹在上离型膜和下离型纸中间，并经过压辊压制成复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜，复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜的厚度为0.5～5mm。
优选，所述的混合物在60～70℃下30分钟后再夹在上离型膜和下离型纸中间。
所述的磨碎纤维优选为磨碎碳纤维或磨碎玻璃纤维，平均长度为0.1mm～2mm，磨碎纤维的平均细度为0.5～8μm(直径)。
所述热固性树脂为热固性环氧树脂或酚醛树脂或不饱和聚酯。
所述的热塑性弹性体粉料或韧性胶膜为聚烯烃类TPE(TPO和TPV)或聚酯类TPE(TPEE)或聚氨酯类TPE(TPU)或苯乙烯类(TPS)或聚酰亚胺(PA)或改性聚丙烯(PP)微粉或胶膜。
所述的反应促进剂包括酸酐类固化剂和促进剂，由于酸酐类固化剂与环氧树脂的固化反应较慢，一般都要加入促进剂，常用叔胺、季铵盐，有时也用有机酸盐和氢氧化钾。
所述的上离型膜和下离型纸为聚丙烯胶膜(PP胶膜)或聚酰亚胺(PA)或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或其它热塑性聚合物薄胶膜。
所述胶应与织物所采用的树脂体系类型相同。所述胶一般采用热固性树脂或者热塑性树脂。所述胶为环氧树脂或酚醛树脂或聚酰亚胺或聚氨酯(PU)等或热塑聚合物等。
本发明的复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜通过热压使三维分布的无数根微小针状体磨碎纤维屑嵌入织物纤维层间从而起到销钉的连接作用，能显著提升多层纤维制品间的抗分层能力，同时还能提高材料的综合力学性能，如抗剪切性能。
通过在层间引入磨碎纤维，经过热压后使得呈三维针状分布的无数纤维屑嵌入织物纤维层间起到销钉的连接作用，通过在层间引入高弹性基质或韧性胶膜层，达到增加层间韧性、抑制分层形成与裂纹扩展的目的，使复合材料层合板结构的抗冲击损伤和抗分层能力有较大的提高。
采用本发明的复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜可明显简化抗分层成型工艺、能提升生产过程标准化程度、降低生产成本、提高产品质量一致性及提高生产效率。本发明的复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜是独立的产品，分为热固型和热塑型，为多层复合材料抗分层专用胶膜。采用所述复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜，可显著提高多层复合材料抗分层的能力，通过添加不同的磨碎纤维还可改善多层复合材料的功能性，如提高隔音、吸波、减震性能等。采用复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜能充分发挥两种纤维材料的特性，不但提高抗分层性能应用于各种结构件，还可赋予材料功能性。如在保温隔热、吸音隔音、吸能减震、吸波、透波、隐身等领域有着很好的应用前景。
层间增韧技术是在热固性树脂浸渍前的织物间或预浸布之间铺设热塑性树脂膜，称为韧性胶膜层。通过在层间引入含磨碎碳纤维或玻璃纤维和热塑高弹性体粉料或韧性胶膜层的复合胶膜，达到抑制分层形成、增加层间韧性、防止裂纹扩展的目的，使复合材料层合板结构的抗冲击损伤和抗分层能力有较大的提高。
具体实施方式：
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
步骤1：将长度为10～30mm的短切碳纤维经过球磨机磨碎变成磨碎碳纤维，磨碎碳纤维为两端尖锐的刚性针状体，其长度在0.1～2mm之间，磨碎碳纤维的细度在0.5～6μm(微米)。
步骤2：按质量分数计，将10％的磨碎碳纤维、75％的热固性环氧树脂、12％聚氨酯TPU微粉、3％的反应促进剂(酸酐类固化剂和氢氧化钾，两者的质量比为55:45)组成混合材料，然后置于70℃下，30分钟的连续热处理，形成一种混合物，该混合物夹在上离型膜和下离型纸中间，并经过压辊形成3mm厚的复合胶膜，即为复合材料抗分层复合胶膜。复合材料抗分层复合胶膜在使用前将上离型膜和下离型纸撕下。所述的上离型膜和下离型纸都为聚丙烯胶膜(PP胶膜)。
步骤3：将复合材料抗分层复合胶膜的上离型膜和下离型纸撕下，然后撕掉上离型膜和下离型纸的复合胶膜夹在碳纤维织物层间，同时用调配好比例的环氧树脂浸透碳纤维织物。
步骤4：将复合胶膜盖过下模具中碳纤维织物预浸料的边缘处，以使边缘或角处的开放式织物层断面粘接牢固。
步骤5：然后将上、下模具合模，模具升温，模压成型。
步骤6：模具冷却，出模。
实施例2：
步骤1：利用球磨机将长度为10～30mm的短切玻璃纤维经过球磨机磨碎工艺，磨成平均长度为0.1mm～2mm的磨碎玻璃纤维，其特征为两端尖锐的刚性针状体，其长度在0.1～2mm之间，磨碎玻璃纤维的细度在1～8μm(微米)。
步骤2：按质量分数计，将15％的磨碎碳纤维、65％的酚醛树脂、18％改性聚丙烯PP胶膜、2％的反应促进剂(酸酐类固化剂和氢氧化钾，两者的质量比为55:45)组成混合材料，然后置于60℃下，30分钟的连续热处理，形成一种混合物，该混合物夹在上离型膜和下离型纸中间，并经过压辊形成3.5mm厚的复合胶膜，即为复合材料抗分层复合胶膜。复合材料抗分层复合胶膜在使用前将上离型膜和下离型纸撕下。
步骤3：将复合材料抗分层复合胶膜的上离型膜和下离型纸撕下，然后撕掉上离型膜和下离型纸的复合胶膜夹在玻璃纤维织物增强预浸料间，并交替铺放。
步骤4：将复合胶膜盖过下模具中玻璃纤维织物的边缘处，以使边缘或角处的开放式织物层断面粘接牢固。
步骤5：然后将上、下模具合模，模具升温，模压成型。
步骤6：模具冷却，出模。
Claims (8)
1.一种复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
按质量分数计，将磨碎纤维10～15％、热固性树脂65～75％、热塑性弹性体粉料或韧性胶膜12～18％和反应促进剂2～3％混合均匀后形成混合物，然后将混合物夹在上离型膜和下离型纸中间，并经过压辊压制成复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜，复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜的厚度为0.5～5mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的混合物在60～70℃下30分钟后再夹在上离型膜和下离型纸中间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的磨碎纤维为磨碎碳纤维或磨碎玻璃纤维，平均长度为0.1mm～2mm，磨碎纤维的平均细度为0.5～8μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述热固性树脂为热固性环氧树脂或酚醛树脂或不饱和聚酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的热塑性弹性体粉料或韧性胶膜为聚烯烃类TPE或聚酯类TPE或聚氨酯类TPE或苯乙烯类或聚酰亚胺或改性聚丙烯微粉或胶膜。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的反应促进剂包括酸酐类固化剂和促进剂，所述的促进剂为叔胺、季铵盐、有机酸盐或氢氧化钾。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的上离型膜和下离型纸为聚丙烯胶膜或聚酰亚胺或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或其它热塑性聚合物薄胶膜。
8.一种按照权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6或7所述的制备方法制备得到的复合材料抗分层复合胶胶膜。
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| CN107286558A (zh) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-10-24 | 邓韵 | 一种升温显色的tpe材料 |
| CN112251157A (zh) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-01-22 | 衡阳华灏新材料科技有限公司 | 一种cof封装用保持膜基材 |
| CN115029075A (zh) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-09-09 | 因达孚先进材料(苏州)有限公司 | 酚醛树脂胶膜、制备方法以及硬质石墨纤维毡的制备方法 |
| CN115122723A (zh) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-09-30 | 江苏铁锚玻璃股份有限公司 | 消除夹胶件胶合层边部内应力方法及夹胶件 |
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| CN107286558A (zh) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-10-24 | 邓韵 | 一种升温显色的tpe材料 |
| CN112251157A (zh) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-01-22 | 衡阳华灏新材料科技有限公司 | 一种cof封装用保持膜基材 |
| CN115122723A (zh) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-09-30 | 江苏铁锚玻璃股份有限公司 | 消除夹胶件胶合层边部内应力方法及夹胶件 |
| CN115029075A (zh) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-09-09 | 因达孚先进材料(苏州)有限公司 | 酚醛树脂胶膜、制备方法以及硬质石墨纤维毡的制备方法 |
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