CN106590433B - 一种冷喷锌涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种冷喷锌涂料及其制备方法。该冷喷锌涂料包括以下重量配比的组分：凹凸棒石粘土粉末2‑5份、锌粉80‑85份、纳基膨润土0.5‑1份、热塑性树脂3‑5份、乙醇10‑15份。本发明冷喷锌涂料密封性能良好，且具有良好附着力和防腐蚀性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于重防腐涂料技术领域，具体涉及一种冷喷锌涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
重防腐涂料指相对常规防腐涂料而言，能在相对苛刻腐蚀环境里应用，并具有能达到比常规防腐涂料更长保护期的一类防腐涂料。重防腐涂料由于具有长效防腐寿命，在钢结构防腐领域得到了广泛应用。
目前，防腐的主要类型包括：锌阴极防护、涂覆环氧树脂防腐涂料、聚氨酯防腐涂料、高固体分防腐涂料、水性防腐涂料等。锌阴极防护的主要方式有热镀锌、热喷锌、冷喷锌、有机富锌类涂料、无机富锌类涂料等。
热镀锌是一种有效的金属防腐方式，是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。但热镀锌在具有良好防腐性能的同时，带来了高污染、高能耗，现在已经逐渐被冷喷锌所替代。冷喷锌在使用过程中，不用加热到高温，常温喷涂即可达到和热镀锌一样的防腐效果。但由于锌粉是颗粒状的金属，排列之间会有空隙，造成新涂层的密封性不好。现有技术中，为了解决这一问题，一般在冷镀锌表面再涂上封闭剂，从而达到理想的防腐效果，但其操作步骤繁琐。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺陷，提供一种密封性能良好，且具有良好附着力和防腐蚀性能的冷喷锌涂料。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种冷喷锌涂料，包括以下重量配比的组分：凹凸棒石粘土粉末2-5份、锌粉80-85份、纳基膨润土0.5-1份、热塑性树脂3-5份、乙醇10-15份。
其中，凹凸棒石粘土粉末采用改性的凹凸棒石粘土粉末，通过以下方法制备：
（1）在凹凸棒石粘土粉末中加入SiO2颗粒，并加入水，50～80℃水浴下搅拌2～4小时，然后静置1～4小时，烘干得到粉末；凹凸棒石粘土粉末的细度为200～400目；无机颗粒的重量占凹凸棒石粘土粉末重量的10～20%；水的加入量以凹凸棒石粘土粉末的重量为基准，每克凹凸棒石粘土粉末加入水3～5ml；
（2）向步骤（1）中制备的粉末中加入复合改性剂，搅拌3～7小时后，密封放置2～4小时制得浆料；改性剂的加入量为凹凸棒石粘土粉末重量的3～5%；改性剂包括有硬脂酸和聚氧乙烯油醇醚型表面活性剂，有硬脂酸和聚氧乙烯油醇醚型表面活性剂的体积比为1:1~1:2；
（3）将步骤（2）中制得的浆料过滤，烘干，即得改性凹凸棒石粘土粉末。
上述冷喷锌优选以下重量配比的组分：凹凸棒石粘土粉末2-5份、锌粉80-85份、纳基膨润土0.5-1份、热塑性树脂3-5份、乙醇10-15份、丙烯酸树脂0.5份、甲基纤维素0.1份、可分散乳胶0.1份。
本发明冷喷锌的最佳组分重量配比为：凹凸棒石粘土粉末3份、锌粉85份、纳基膨润土0.8份、热塑性树脂4份、乙醇13份、丙烯酸树脂0.5份、甲基纤维素0.1份、可分散乳胶0.1份。
本发明还提供了上述冷喷锌涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：取乙醇加入反应釜，开动分散机至转速为400转/分钟，在搅拌的同时加入热塑性树脂，搅拌至透明；然后加入锌粉，加快分散机转速至1200转/分钟进行搅拌，至涂料细度≤40μm；降低分散机转速至600转/分钟，加入凹凸棒石粘土粉末和纳基膨润土，继续搅拌至均匀，即得冷喷锌涂料。
当上述冷喷锌涂料组分中还包括丙烯酸树脂、甲基纤维素和可分散乳胶时，其制备方法为：取乙醇加入反应釜，开动分散机至转速为400转/分钟，在搅拌的同时加入热塑性树脂，搅拌至透明；然后加入锌粉，加快分散机转速至1200转/分钟进行搅拌，至涂料细度≤40μm；降低分散机转速至600转/分钟，加入凹凸棒石粘土粉末和纳基膨润土，继续搅拌至均匀；再次降低分散机转速至300转/分钟，加入丙烯酸树脂、甲基纤维素和可分散乳胶，继续搅拌至均匀，即得冷喷锌涂料。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：
1、利用凹凸棒土和钠基膨润土在溶液中形成空间网状结构，提高锌粉的悬浮性，增强涂层的强度。
2、对凹凸棒土进行改性：利用纳米无机颗粒的高活性，使之吸附在凹土粉末表面，从而阻止凹土粉末之间的反应；然后在凹土粉末表面包裹一层有机羧酸和非离子表面活性剂混合的复合活性剂，既能抑制凹土粉末间的聚合反应，又能提高凹土粉末在醇基溶液中的相容性和分散性，进一步提高涂料中锌粉的悬浮性能。
3、利用丙烯酸树脂、甲基纤维素和可分散乳胶，能有效提高涂料的附着力和抗冲击强度，同时能有效降低涂饰液表面张力，提高其流平性和均匀性，减少其成膜时产生斑点和斑痕的可能性，增加覆盖性，使成膜均匀、自然。
4、本发明涂料采用乙醇作为溶剂，安全无毒，减少了对环境的污染，且涂料干燥时间短，易于成膜。同时本发明涂料的制备过程只需要常温即可进行，操作简单，同时节约了能源。
5、本发明冷喷锌涂料的制备工艺简单，且制备得到的涂料附着力均大于6.3MPa，能有效耐中性盐水、耐中性盐雾、耐人工加速老化3500小时以上。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
改性凹凸棒石粘土粉末的制备：
1）把100g凹土粉末（300目～400目）和15g纳米SiO2颗粒浸泡在400ml水溶液中，并不停地搅拌4小时，然后静置2小时；
2）在上述混合物中添加5ml硬脂酸和8m聚氧乙烯油醇醚型非离子型表面活性剂，搅拌5小时；
3）将混合物过滤，过滤出地凹土粉末用甲醇溶液4次清洗；
4）将清洗后的凹土粉末80℃烘干，即获得性能突出的凹土粉末。
冷喷锌涂料的组分重量配比：改性凹凸棒石粘土粉末2份、锌粉80份、纳基膨润土0.5份、热塑性固体丙烯酸树脂B-66 3份、乙醇10份。
冷喷锌的制备方法：
取乙醇加入反应釜，开动分散机至转速为400转/分钟，在搅拌的同时加入热塑性树脂，搅拌至透明；然后加入锌粉，加快分散机转速至1200转/分钟进行搅拌，至涂料细度≤40μm；降低分散机转速至600转/分钟，加入凹凸棒石粘土粉末和纳基膨润土，继续搅拌至均匀，即得冷喷锌涂料。
实施例2
冷喷锌涂料的组分重量配比：改性凹凸棒石粘土粉末5份、锌粉85份、纳基膨润土1份、热塑性树脂5份、乙醇15份、丙烯酸树脂0.5份、甲基纤维素0.1份、可分散乳胶0.1份。
冷喷锌的制备方法：
取乙醇加入反应釜，开动分散机至转速为400转/分钟，在搅拌的同时加入热塑性树脂，搅拌至透明；然后加入锌粉，加快分散机转速至1200转/分钟进行搅拌，至涂料细度≤40μm；降低分散机转速至600转/分钟，加入凹凸棒石粘土粉末和纳基膨润土，继续搅拌至均匀；再次降低分散机转速至300转/分钟，加入丙烯酸树脂、甲基纤维素和可分散乳胶，继续搅拌至均匀，即得冷喷锌涂料。
实施例3
冷喷锌涂料的组分重量配比：改性凹凸棒石粘土粉末3份、锌粉85份、纳基膨润土0.8份、热塑性树脂4份、乙醇13份、丙烯酸树脂0.5份、甲基纤维素0.1份、可分散乳胶0.1份。
制备方法同实施例2。
制备得到的冷喷锌涂料的各项性能指标如下表所示：
Claims (5)
1.一种冷喷锌涂料，其特征在于：包括以下重量配比的组分：凹凸棒石粘土粉末2-5份、锌粉80-85份、纳基膨润土0.5-1份、热塑性树脂3-5份、乙醇10-15份；所述凹凸棒石粘土粉末采用改性的凹凸棒石粘土粉末；
所述改性的凹凸棒石粘土粉末通过以下方法制备：
（1）在凹凸棒石粘土粉末中加入SiO2颗粒，并加入水，50～80℃水浴下搅拌2～4小时，然后静置1～4小时，烘干得到粉末；所述凹凸棒石粘土粉末的细度为200～400目；所述SiO2颗粒的重量占凹凸棒石粘土粉末重量的10～20%；所述水的加入量以凹凸棒石粘土粉末的重量为基准，每克凹凸棒石粘土粉末加入水3～5ml；
（2）向步骤（1）中制备的粉末中加入复合改性剂，搅拌3～7小时后，密封放置2～4小时制得浆料；所述改性剂的加入量为凹凸棒石粘土粉末重量的3～5%；所述改性剂包括有硬脂酸和聚氧乙烯油醇醚型表面活性剂，所述硬脂酸和聚氧乙烯油醇醚型表面活性剂的体积比为1:1~1:2；
（3）将步骤（2）中制得的浆料过滤，烘干，即得改性凹凸棒石粘土粉末。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冷喷锌涂料，其特征在于：所述冷喷锌包括以下重量配比的组分：凹凸棒石粘土粉末2-5份、锌粉80-85份、纳基膨润土0.5-1份、热塑性树脂3-5份、乙醇10-15份、丙烯酸树脂0.5份、甲基纤维素0.1份、可分散乳胶0.1份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的冷喷锌涂料，其特征在于：所述冷喷锌包括以下重量配比的组分：凹凸棒石粘土粉末3份、锌粉85份、纳基膨润土0.8份、热塑性树脂4份、乙醇13份、丙烯酸树脂0.5份、甲基纤维素0.1份、可分散乳胶0.1份。
4.一种如权利要求1所述冷喷锌涂料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：取所述乙醇加入反应釜，开动分散机至转速为400转/分钟，在搅拌的同时加入所述热塑性树脂，搅拌至透明；然后加入所述锌粉，加快分散机转速至1200转/分钟进行搅拌，至涂料细度≤40μm；降低分散机转速至600转/分钟，加入所述凹凸棒石粘土粉末和纳基膨润土，继续搅拌至均匀，即得所述冷喷锌涂料。
5.权利要求4所述冷喷锌涂料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：取所述乙醇加入反应釜，开动分散机至转速为400转/分钟，在搅拌的同时加入所述热塑性树脂，搅拌至透明；然后加入所述锌粉，加快分散机转速至1200转/分钟进行搅拌，至涂料细度≤40μm；降低分散机转速至600转/分钟，加入所述凹凸棒石粘土粉末和纳基膨润土，继续搅拌至均匀；再次降低分散机转速至300转/分钟，加入丙烯酸树脂、甲基纤维素和可分散乳胶，继续搅拌至均匀，即得所述冷喷锌涂料。
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