CN106581675B - 一种具有双重光动力治疗效果的光敏剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有双重光动力治疗效果的光敏剂及其制备方法,其中具有双重光动力治疗效果的光敏剂的结构式如下:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光敏剂及其制备方法,具体地说是一种具有双重光动力治疗效果的光敏剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
在近几十年中,光动力治疗引起人们越来越广泛的关注。到目前为止光动力治疗已经成功应用于很多疾病治疗中,比如:肺癌、膀胱癌、眼科癌及泌尿系统肿瘤等。光动力治疗是利用光动力反应进行肿瘤治疗的一种新技术。光动力疗法的作用基础是光动力效应,这是一种有氧分子参与的伴随生物效应的光敏化反应。在光照的条件下光敏剂吸收光子从基态跃迁到激发态,而处于激发态的分子在回落过程中将能量传递给三线态氧,将其转化为对细胞具有较大杀伤力的单线态氧。同传统的治疗方式相比光动力治疗主要有以下几种优点:i)创伤小,借助光纤、内窥镜和其他介入技术,可将激光引导到体内深部进行治疗,避免了开胸、开腹等手术造成的创伤和痛苦;ii)毒性低,光敏剂只有达到一定浓度并受到足量光照射,才会引发光动力治疗效果而靶向杀伤细胞,人体未受到光照射的部分,并不产生这种反应,因此光动力疗法的毒副作用低;iii)光动力治疗的主要攻击目标是光照区的病变组织,对病灶周边的正常组织损伤轻微,这种选择性的杀伤作用是其他治疗手段难以实现的;iv)光动力疗法对不同细胞类型的病灶组织都有效,适用范围广,能够克服不同细胞类型的病灶组织对放疗、化疗的敏感性差异的影响。但是目前所应用的光敏剂普遍存在水溶性差、光稳定性差、高能量激发和过量氧消耗等缺点。科学研究表明,具有双光子效应的光敏剂被认为是传统光敏剂的替代品。同传统的光敏剂相比,双光子光敏剂使用近/中红外激光作为光源,能够明显的减少光对光敏剂的漂白及具有更深的组织穿透性。
申请人对本申请的主题进行了如下的文献检索:
1、xueshu.glgoo.com网检索结果:(2016/12/12)
2、中国知网检索结果:
检索方式一:
篇名-具有双重光动力治疗的铱配合物:无相关文献。
篇名-一种具有双重光动力治疗效果的药物-铱配合物及其制备方法:无相关文献。
检索方式二:
全文-具有双重光动力治疗的铱配合物:无相关文献。
全文-一种具有双重光动力治疗效果的药物-铱配合物及其制备方法:无相关文献。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种具有双重光动力治疗效果的光敏剂及其制备方法,所要解决的技术问题是通过分子设计遴选合适的具有双光子效应的光敏剂。
本发明通过廉价易得的2-苯基吡啶、三氯化铱、苯甲酸乙酯基三联吡啶为原料,通过温和的反应条件,简单高效的合成了目标产物--铱配合物。研究结果表明,铱配合物在近红外区域具有双光子激发荧光发射,可以用作光动力治疗的光敏剂。利用共聚焦显影追踪光动力治疗过程,可以明显地观察到光敏剂铱配合物在光照下,发生了从细胞核到线粒体迁移,造成了细胞的二次损伤。动物实验也证明在近红外光照条件下,铱配合物对肿瘤生长具有非常好的抑制作用,在暗环境中对动物体具有低毒性。
本发明具有双重光动力治疗效果的光敏剂,为铱配合物,其特征在于其结构式如下:
本发明具有双重光动力治疗效果的光敏剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1、向250mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入100mL的乙二醇单甲醚与水的混合溶液(V/V=3:1)、0.71g IrCl3·3H2O(2.0mmol)和0.68g(4.4mmol)苯基吡啶,加热至回流反应24h,反应结束后冷却至室温,有黄色固体析出,抽滤,滤渣依次用30mL水、30mL乙醇各洗涤两次,真空干燥后获得黄色粉末(BP)4Ir2Cl2。
本步骤的反应过程如下:
2、向150mL史莱克瓶中依次加入0.21g(0.2mmol)(BP)4Ir2Cl2、0.17g(0.5mmol)ETP和50mL二氯甲烷与甲醇的混合溶液(V/V=1:1),在氮气保护下回流反应24h,反应结束后冷却至室温,加入0.31g的NH4PF6(1.92mmol)继续搅拌30min,旋干,残渣通过柱层析分离(CH2Cl2/MeOH=100:1作为洗脱剂)获得浅红色固体0.27g,即为目标产物。yield:68%。
本步骤的反应过程如下:
本发明的有益效果体现在:
1、本发明铱配合物是一种在暗环境下对细胞具有低毒性,在近红外光照条件下对细胞产生双重损伤效果的特点。
2、本发明铱配合物具有双光子激发荧光发射性质,具有很好的光稳定性,可利用共聚焦显影追踪光动力治疗过程。
3、本发明铱配合物具有重金属铱原子,能够运用透射电镜分析配合物在细胞中的分布,探索在光动力治疗过程中的作用机理。
4、本发明铱配合物的原料易得、合成路线简短,合成条件温和。
5、本发明铱配合物是一种可以对细胞核和线粒体具有双重杀伤作用的双光子光敏剂。不存在类似的商业光敏剂,具有较强的应用价值。
附图说明
图1是铱配合物的电喷雾质谱谱图数据,表明目标分子铱配合物被合成。
图2是铱配合物在光照条件下单线态氧的产生效率及细胞存活率,表明铱配合物可以应用到光动力治疗。
图3是铱配合物在细胞中的共聚焦显影图,表明在暗环境培养条件下配合物主要对细胞核染色。
图4a和b为商用膜结构透射电镜标记物四氧化锇及局部放大图,c和d为铱配合物处理后的透射电镜图和局部放大。进一步说明在暗环境培养条件下配合物主要对细胞的细胞核染色。
图5a细胞经铱配合物处理后,局部双光子光动力照射的共聚焦显影图,b单细胞照射前的荧光强度分析,c细胞核和细胞质荧光强度随着光照的强度变化,d细胞在光照下的实时成像,e细胞在光照后与线粒体商染的共定位。图5表明在光照的起始阶段光动力治疗的位置是在细胞核内,随着光照时间的推移,光动力治疗的位置转移到细胞的线粒体中,证实了双重光动力治疗的效果。
图6 a小鼠皮下肿瘤模型在21天内经铱配合物、商业光敏剂Ce6和PBS处理后,光动力治疗的效果,b肿瘤的大小随着时间推移的变化,c比较铱配合物、Ce6及PBS的抑瘤率。图6表明在相同的光照能量下,两者具有相近的肿瘤抑制率(Ce6:40.76%;铱配合物:41.58%)。然而相比Ce6的单光子短波长激发,铱配合物使用的波长位于近红外区,对正常细胞的损伤更小,所以利用铱配合物光动力治疗的优势是显而易见的。
具体实施方式
本实施例中具有双重光动力治疗效果的光敏剂的制备方法如下:
1、向250mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入100mL的乙二醇单甲醚与水的混合溶液(V/V=3:1)、0.71g IrCl3·3H2O(2.0mmol)和0.68g(4.4mmol)苯基吡啶,加热至120℃回流反应24h,反应结束后冷却至室温,有黄色固体析出,抽滤,滤渣依次用30mL水、30mL乙醇各洗涤两次,真空干燥后获得黄色粉末(BP)4Ir2Cl2。
2、向150mL史莱克瓶中依次加入0.21g(0.2mmol)(BP)4Ir2Cl2、0.17g(0.5mmol)ETP和50mL二氯甲烷与甲醇的混合溶液(V/V=1:1),在氮气保护下于60℃回流反应24h,反应结束后冷却至室温,加入0.31g的NH4PF6(1.92mmol)继续搅拌30min,旋干,残渣通过柱层析分离(CH2Cl2/MeOH=100:1作为洗脱剂)获得浅红色固体0.27g,即为目标产物。yield:68%。1HNMR(400MHz,Acetonitrile-d3,δ):8.84(d,J=1.6Hz,2H),8.77(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.20(t,J=6.4Hz,4H),8.03(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.96(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.87(m,1H),7.82(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),7.79,(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=6Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.2(m,2H),6.97(m,3H),6.77(m,2H),6.62(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.34(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.91(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.48(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.40(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.41(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,Acetonitrile-d3,δ)167.78,166.11,165.24,163.09,157.60,149.72,148.19,147.99,138.84,138.08,137.98,135.72,131.85,130.12,129.84,129.76,129.22,127.61,127.54,126.09,125.36,124.34,123.78,123.50,122.67,122.60,122.32,121.63,120.25,119.22,119.12,60.95,13.23.MS(ESI)m/z:[M]+calcd for C46H35N5O2Ir,882.24;found,882.33.
3、生物测试条件
HepG2细胞接种于24孔玻璃底共聚焦专用培养皿中,并在37℃,5%的CO2的培养箱内培养72-96个小时直至细胞达到80-90%的饱和度。浓度为5μM的铱配合物(1%DMSO,99%H2O)与细胞在培养箱内培养30-60分钟,在共聚焦显微镜下观察细胞的摄取状况。在暴露在UV灯或双光子持续扫描下和非暴露的条件下,对比铱配合物造成的光毒性和暗毒性,评估光动力治疗的效果。
Claims (5)
1.一种具有双重光动力治疗效果的光敏剂,其特征在于其结构式如下:
2.一种权利要求1所述的具有双重光动力治疗效果的光敏剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)向250mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入100mL的乙二醇单甲醚与水的混合溶液、0.71g2.0mmol IrCl3·3H2O和4.4mmol苯基吡啶,加热至回流反应24h,反应结束后冷却至室温,有黄色固体析出,抽滤,滤渣依次用水、乙醇洗涤,真空干燥后获得黄色粉末(BP)4Ir2Cl2;
(2)向150mL史莱克瓶中依次加入0.2mmol(BP)4Ir2Cl2、0.5mmol ETP和50mL二氯甲烷与甲醇的混合溶液,在氮气保护下回流反应24h,反应结束后冷却至室温,加入1.92mmolNH4PF6继续搅拌30min,旋干,残渣通过柱层析分离获得浅红色固体即为目标产物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中乙二醇单甲醚与水的混合溶液中乙二醇单甲醚与水的体积比为3:1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(2)中二氯甲烷与甲醇的混合溶液中二氯甲烷与甲醇的体积比为1:1。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(2)中柱层析分离的洗脱液为CH2Cl2/MeOH=100/1,v/v。
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