CN106569280B - Calibration method for improving seismic interpretation precision of fault-order structure - Google Patents
Calibration method for improving seismic interpretation precision of fault-order structure Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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Abstract
The invention relates to a calibration method for improving the seismic interpretation precision of a fault structure, belonging to the field of petroleum and natural gas rolling development.A selected single well in each fault structure is selected in the fault structure to be used as a well synthesis record, the seismic time-depth relation of each fault in which the selected single well is positioned is determined, and the time-depth relation of the drilling stratum of all wells in each fault and the seismic phase of the corresponding fault is utilized to establish the corresponding relation between the drilling stratum of all wells in each fault and the seismic; for single wells with different fault steps, the fault depth of the fault step boundary encountered by the single well drilling is taken as the boundary, the time-depth relation data of the corresponding section is extracted according to the fault step position of each section of the well body and spliced, the seismic time-depth relation of the single well with more than two fault steps encountered by the drilling is established, and the seismic interpretation precision of the fault step structure is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a calibration method for improving seismic interpretation precision of a fault-order structure, belongs to the field of petroleum and natural gas rolling development, and is suitable for the technical field of continuous seismic fine interpretation of structures in the middle and old areas of the fault-order structure.
Background
The exploration and development of the oil field in the east of China are already in the middle and later stages, the fine development of the oil field is imminent, and the key for improving the interpretation precision of the earthquake structure is to improve the corresponding calibration precision between the stratum drilled by each well in the target area and the earthquake phase. The calibration of the stratum encountered by well drilling and the seismic phase position commonly used at present depends on the seismic time-depth relationship, two methods for establishing the seismic time-depth relationship are provided, the first method is the point-to-surface time-depth relationship which is suitable for a stable and flat geological structure environment, the terrain of a target area is flat, the deposited material components and the thickness are stable, the structure is relatively simple, the fault distance is relatively small, and the difference of the sound wave propagation speed of each part in the target area is very small. Under such geological conditions, the velocity field within the target zone may be considered a relationship that is related only to the two-way time t, regardless of the geographic coordinates X, Y within the target zone, and thus, the time-depth relationship of a preferred well may be considered approximately consistent with the time-depth relationships of all wells throughout the zone, and the time-depth conversion of the wells throughout the zone may be achieved using the time-depth relationships of the preferred wells. The second method is a speed field time depth relation, and the time depth conversion relation is suitable for a geological structure environment with relatively simple geological structure and regularly gradual change of stratum buried depth or stratum sediment components or thickness, so that under the geological condition, a relational formula which accords with the change of the regional speed field can be solved by selecting a representative multi-critical well position time depth relation in a target region and calculating and fitting through a formula, and the relational formula is not only related to double-pass time t, but also related to geographic coordinates X, Y in the target region. Although the relation formula can be used for calculating and fitting the actual situation close to or closer to the seismic velocity field by using a complex mathematical formula by increasing the power of t, x and y in the formula, for the situation that the seismic velocity field has a large fault, the components and thicknesses of the sediment of the upper and lower disks of the fault occur, or even the sediment is further modified to have variation differences such as metamorphism, crystallization, weathering and the like, so that the seismic velocity field has sudden change due to the existence of the fault, and under the situation that the sound wave propagation velocity difference of the upper and lower disks of the large fault is large, the corresponding position calibration between the well drilling meeting stratum and the seismic phase is carried out by using the time-depth relation between the well drilling meeting stratum and the seismic phase determined by the two methods, the first method has an error of 80-120 meters on different fault steps, the second method has an error of 10-50 meters near the large fault, and the analysis reason is that the velocity field at the upper and lower disks of the large fault has a cliff type sudden change, the time-depth relation between the stratum encountered by the well drilling and the seismic phase is reduced in the precision of corresponding calibration near the fault.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calibration method for improving the seismic interpretation precision of a fault order structure, which solves the problem that the seismic interpretation mapping precision is low due to large calibration error between a stratum encountered by well drilling in different fault orders and a corresponding seismic phase because wells in different fault orders adopt the same time-depth conversion relation in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: selecting a selected single well in each fault structure in the fault structure to be used as a well synthesis record, determining the seismic time depth relation of each fault in which the selected single well is positioned, and establishing the corresponding relation between the drilling strata of all wells in each fault and the earthquake by using the time depth relation of the drilling strata of the selected single well in each fault and the seismic phase of the corresponding fault; for single wells with different fault steps, the fault depth of the fault step boundary encountered by the single well drilling is taken as the boundary, the time-depth relation data of the corresponding section is extracted according to the fault step position of each section of the well body and spliced, the seismic time-depth relation of the single well with more than two fault steps encountered by the drilling is established, and the seismic interpretation precision of the fault step structure is improved.
The selected single well for synthetic recording in each fault stage is required to be a vertical well or a small inclined well, the stratum to be drilled is complete, and the logging information is complete.
The invention comprises the following steps:
1. and dividing the fault order in the fault order structure by using the seismic data of the target area, making well synthetic records of the selected single well in each fault order, and establishing the corresponding relation between the well synthetic records of the selected single well in each fault order and the seismic phase of the well side channel of the selected single well.
And 1.1, according to the electrical logging density or acoustic data of the selected single well in each fault order, using seismic interpretation software to make well synthesis records of the selected single well in each fault order.
1.2, by using the well synthetic record of the selected single well in each fault order in the step 1.1, establishing the one-to-one corresponding relation between the well synthetic record of the selected single well in each fault order and the seismic phase of the well side channel thereof through up-down movement and compression.
2. And (2) establishing a one-to-one corresponding relation between the well synthesis record of the selected single well in each fault order and the seismic phase of the well side channel thereof by utilizing the step 1, and establishing a time-depth conversion relation between the stratum to be drilled and encountered of the selected single well in each fault order and the corresponding seismic phase.
2.1, determining the one-to-one correspondence between the stratum encountered by the selected single well in each fault order and the seismic phase of the well side channel thereof by utilizing the one-to-one correspondence between the synthetic record of the selected single well in each fault order and the seismic phase of the well side channel thereof determined in the step 1.2.
2.2, determining the one-to-one correspondence relationship between the stratum encountered by the well drill and the seismic phase of the well side channel by utilizing the step 2.1, and determining the time-depth conversion relationship between the selected single well drill stratum encountered by each fault stage and the seismic phase of the well side channel by utilizing seismic interpretation software.
3. And establishing time-depth relation conversion between the stratum met by the well drills in the target area and the corresponding seismic phases by utilizing the time-depth conversion relation between the stratum met by the selected single well drills in the characterization steps and the seismic phases.
And 3.1, determining the time-depth relation representing all wells in the same fault order by utilizing the time-depth conversion relation between the stratum met by the single well drilling in each fault order and the well side channel earthquake of the single well drilling in the step 2.2.
And 3.2, for the single well with the well body in two or more fault steps, determining the time-depth conversion relation of the single well with the two or more fault steps by taking the depth of the single well drilling meeting the fault step boundary fault as a boundary point and splicing the time-depth conversion relation of the single well selected in the fault step with the well body.
4. And 3, establishing time-depth relation conversion between all the layers of the target area, which are drilled by the well and the corresponding seismic phases, explaining the structure of each fault order, and constructing a structural diagram of the target area along the boundary fault of each fault order.
The invention uses the splicing technology of the time-depth relation, for the well which drills the fault of the fault division of the fault steps, the seismic time-depth conversion of the corresponding well section is carried out according to the time-depth relation of the fault steps of the well body, so as to adapt to the change requirements of seismic velocity fields of different fault steps, reduce the calibration error of the well and the earthquake near the fault, improve the one-to-one corresponding precision between the stratum encountered by the well drilling and the seismic phase, particularly improve the corresponding precision between the stratum encountered by the well drilling and the seismic phase near the fault division of the fault steps, and have great significance for improving the interpretation precision of the old zone structure in the fault step structure. The accuracy of the constructed graph explained by the method is proved by later production practice to have an error of less than 5 meters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a seismic section of Chongqing 7-Qing 64-well connected seismic section in Chongqing Zu area;
FIG. 3 is a Geng 64 well composition log;
FIG. 4 is a drawing of the formula for Qing 64 well time depth conversion;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the Qing 80 well time depth conversion formula;
FIG. 6 is a view of the formula for Qing 7 well time depth conversion;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the splicing conversion of the time-depth relationship of the Qing 85 well and the Qing 88 well.
Detailed Description
The time-depth conversion method of the present invention will be further described below by taking the fine earthquake explanation of the Dongpuqing ancestry region as an example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. And dividing the fault order in the fault order structure by using the seismic data of the target area, making well synthetic records of the selected single well in each fault order, and establishing the corresponding relation between the well synthetic records of the selected single well in each fault order and the seismic phase of the well side channel of the selected single well.
And 1.1, according to the electrical logging density or acoustic data of the selected single well in each fault order, using seismic interpretation software to make well synthesis records of the selected single well in each fault order.
According to seismic data of the Qingzu region, the Qingzu region develops two large faults, namely a Shijiaji fault and a Long-wall fault, and the two faults cut the Qingzu region into three fault steps on a geological section, as shown in figure 2.
In the Qing Zu area, the well Qing 64 wells in the first faultage, the well Qing 80 wells in the second faultage and the well Qing 7 wells in the third faultage are selected, and the well synthesis records of the three wells are respectively made through seismic interpretation software.
1.2, using the well synthesis records of the selected single well in each fault order selected in step 1.1, such as: and (3) establishing a one-to-one correspondence relationship between the synthetic record of the Qingqing 64 well and the seismic phase of the side channel of the Qing 64 well by comparing the corresponding situation between the synthetic record of the Qing 64 well and the seismic phase of the side channel of the Qing 64 well and by moving and compressing the synthetic record of the Qing 64 well.
The same method establishes the one-to-one correspondence between the well synthesis records of the second-grade-Qing 80 well and the third-grade-Qing 7 well and the seismic phase of the corresponding well side channel.
2. And (2) establishing a one-to-one correspondence relationship between the well synthesis record of the selected single well in each fault order and the seismic phase of the well side channel thereof by utilizing the step 1, and establishing a time-depth conversion relationship between the stratum to be drilled and encountered of the selected single well in each fault order and the corresponding seismic phase.
2.1, determining the one-to-one correspondence between the strata encountered by the Qing 64 well in the faulted stage and the seismic phase of the Qing 64 well side channel by utilizing the one-to-one correspondence between the synthetic record of the Qing 64 well in the faulted stage and the seismic phase of the Qing 64 well side channel determined in the step 1.2, as shown in figure 3.
2.2, determining the time-depth conversion relation between the Qingqing 64-well drilling encountered stratum and the Qingqing 64-well side channel earthquake in a broken phase by using the one-to-one correspondence relation between the Qingqing 64-well drilling encountered stratum and the well side channel earthquake phase determined in the step 2.1 through earthquake interpretation software.
Repeating the steps 2.1 and 2.2, and sequentially and respectively obtaining the earthquake time-depth relations between the second-fault-order inner-celebration 80 well, the third-fault-order inner-celebration 7 well and the side channels of the wells, as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6.
3. And establishing time-depth relation conversion between the stratum met by the well drills in the target area and the corresponding seismic phases by utilizing the time-depth conversion relation between the stratum met by the selected single well drills in the characterization steps and the seismic phases.
3.1, for all wells with well bodies in a fault, determining the time-depth relation representing all wells in the fault by utilizing the time-depth conversion relation between the stratum encountered by the 64-well drilling in the fault and the well side channel earthquake in the step 2.2. Similarly, the time-depth relationship characterizing all wells in the second and third fault orders is determined. .
3.2, for wells with well bodies in two or more fault steps, for example, the upper well section of the Qing 85 well is in the middle of the second fault step, the lower well section of the Qing 85 well is in the third fault step, the depth of the fault of the Qing 85 well when meeting the fault steps is 2655 m, namely 2655 m is taken as a boundary point, the time-depth conversion relations of the Qing 80 well with the second fault step and the Qing 7 well with the third fault step, which are obtained by the same method in the step 2.2, are spliced, the time-depth relation of the second fault step is used for more than 2655 m, and the time-depth relation of the third fault step is used for less than 2655 m, so that the time-depth conversion relation of the Qing 85 well which is in the second fault step and the third fault step is determined, as shown in figure 7.
And in the same method, the seismic time-depth relation conversion is respectively carried out on other single wells with two or more fault orders.
4. And 3, establishing time-depth relation conversion between all the layers of the target area, which are drilled by the well and the corresponding seismic phases, explaining the structure of each fault order, and constructing a structural diagram of the target area along the boundary fault of each fault order.
The method is implemented in Qingzuo area, and the error of the seismic structure interpretation precision of the Qingzuo area is less than 5 meters through the drilling verification of a plurality of wells.
Claims (3)
1. A calibration method for improving the seismic interpretation precision of a fault-order structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of: selecting a selected single well in each fault structure in the fault structure to be used as a well synthesis record, determining the seismic time depth relation of each fault in which the selected single well is positioned, and establishing the corresponding relation between the drilling strata of all wells in each fault and the earthquake by using the time depth relation of the drilling strata of the selected single well in each fault and the seismic phase of the corresponding fault; for single wells with different fault steps encountered by drilling, taking the fault depth of the fault step boundary encountered by the single well drilling as a boundary, extracting and splicing time-depth relation data of corresponding sections according to the fault step positions of each section of the well body, establishing the seismic time-depth relation of the single well with more than two fault steps encountered by the drilling, and improving the seismic interpretation precision of the fault step structure; the concrete steps of establishing the corresponding relation between the stratum encountered by drilling and the earthquake of all the wells in the respective fault steps are as follows:
(1) using the electrical logging density or acoustic data of the selected single well in each fault order in the target area, and using seismic interpretation software to make well synthesis records of the selected single well in each fault order;
(2) establishing a time-depth conversion relation between the selected single well drilling encountered stratum of each fault order and the seismic phase by utilizing a contrast relation between the well drilling encountered stratum and the seismic phase established by the selected single well synthetic record of each fault order;
(3) establishing a one-to-one correspondence relationship between all wells in each fault order in the work area and well side channel seismic phases by utilizing the established time-depth conversion relationship between the stratum met by the single well drill of each fault order and the seismic phases;
(4) and (3) performing one-to-one corresponding calibration between all wells in each fault order and well side channel seismic phases to explain the target interval seismic structure of each fault order in the work area into a diagram.
2. The calibration method for improving the interpretation precision of the fault-order structure earthquake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calibration method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing the fault order in the fault order structure by using the seismic data of the target area, making well synthetic records of the selected single well in each fault order, and establishing the corresponding relation between the well synthetic records of the selected single well in each fault order and the seismic phase of the well side channel of the selected single well;
(2) establishing a time-depth conversion relation between the stratum to be drilled and the corresponding seismic phase of the selected single well in each fault order by utilizing the one-to-one corresponding relation between the well synthesis record of the selected single well in each fault order and the seismic phase of the well side channel;
(3) establishing time-depth relation conversion between the stratum met by all the well drills in the target area and the corresponding seismic phases thereof by utilizing the established time-depth conversion relation between the stratum met by the selected single well drills in each fault order and the seismic phases;
(4) and (3) explaining the structure of each fault order by utilizing time-depth relation conversion between the stratum encountered by all the well drills in the target area and the corresponding seismic phases of the stratum, and constructing a structural diagram of the target area along the boundary fault of each fault order.
3. A calibration method for improving the accuracy of interpretation of fault-order structures according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: determining the time-depth conversion relation between the stratum encountered by the well drill of each step and the seismic phase, wherein the method for implementing the time-depth conversion of the step comprises the following steps:
(1) utilizing the time-depth relation of each corresponding fault order to carry out time-depth relation conversion of the corresponding fault order for all wells with well bores in the same fault order; for wells with well bodies in two or three fault steps, determining the time-depth conversion relation representing the single wells in two or more fault steps by using the depth of the well drilling meeting the fault step boundary fault as a boundary point and using a method for splicing the time-depth conversion relation of the selected single wells in the fault step where the well bodies are located;
(2) and constructing and explaining the constructed image by utilizing the established time-depth conversion relation of each fault order according to the fault order, and then splicing the constructed image of the whole work area along the fault order boundary.
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| CN109270578B (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2020-08-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Rolling development method for low-grade oil reservoir in shoal and shallow sea |
| CN110673209B (en) * | 2019-10-13 | 2021-06-04 | 东北石油大学 | Well-seismic calibration method |
| CN111175820B (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2022-08-30 | 杨林海 | Analysis method for depth relation during synthetic seismic record clear breakpoint calibration determination |
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